Research of MnCO

In order to improve the electro-conductibility of new energy storage material-manganese carbonate(MnCO3) and the properties apply to supercapacitors, we produce MnCO3/CB composite at room temperature by using a simple and mild liquid phase deposition method. Using dilute HNO3 to purify and activate the CB(carbon black), then put the handled CB into NH4HCO3/MnSO4 mixed solution for liquid deposition. Observed through infrared and XPS methods, we found that - after purified by dilute HNO3, the negatively charged groups(carboxyl & quinonyl) on CB surface increase, which makes CB uneasy to reunite in water and benefits the producing of a homogeneous compound. Observed the compound under SEM:40nm diameter CB granules wrap the Lotus-shaped MnCO3 granule, and form a porous structure between MnCO3 granules. The result of electro-chemical properties indicated by galvanostatic charge-discharge tests shows that the specific capacity of MnCO3/CB composite electrode material is twice of the pure MnCO3 electrode material, while the MnCO3/CB composite has a good cycle capacitive retention ratio. As a newly discovered energy storage material, MnCO3 provides a new direction to make composite material for supercapacitor electrodes

Almost Periodic Solution of a Discrete Commensalism System

A nonautonomous discrete two-species Lotka-Volterra commensalism system with delays is considered in this paper. Based on the discrete comparison theorem, the permanence of the system is obtained. Then, by constructing a new discrete Lyapunov functional, a set of sufficient conditions which guarantee the system global attractivity are obtained. If the coefficients are almost periodic, there exists an almost periodic solution and the almost periodic solution is globally attractive

Lauric Acid Induces Apoptosis of Rice Sheath Blight Disease Caused by <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> by Affecting Fungal Fatty Acid Metabolism and Destroying the Dynamic Equilibrium of Reactive Oxygen Species

Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the major rice diseases. In order to better understand the inhibitory mechanism of lauric acid on the disease, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to analyze the transcriptome changes in Rhizoctonia solani treated with lauric acid for 3 h, 6 h, 18 h, and 24 h, including 2306 genes; 1994 genes; 2778 genes; and 2872 genes. Based on gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, we found that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (KO04141), carbon metabolism (KO01200), and starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly enriched. Most oxidoreductase, dehydrogenase, reductase, and transferase genes are downregulated in this process. Lauric acid can affect ergosterol content, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, hydrogen peroxide content, electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species balance, and can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Lauric acid also increased the expression levels of ER chaperone glucose regulatory protein Grp78 (BIP), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and Calpain (CNX), and decreased the expression levels of HSP40, HSP70, and HSP90 genes. Lauric acid affected the ergosterol content in the cell membrane of R. solani, which induces ER stress and increases the BiP level to induce the apoptosis of Rhizoctonia solani. These results indicated that lauric acid could be used to control rice sheath blight