Kinetics of the thermal and photochemical decomposition of aquapentacyanoferrate(III) in aqueous solution

The kinetics of the thermal and photochemical decomposition of aquapentacyanoferrate(III) ion in aqueous solution in the presence ofo-phenanthroline was studied spectrophotometrically. The first-order rate constant (k; ϑ) at 30° C [I=1 M(NaCl)] for the thermal reaction is (1.49±0.13)×10−6 s−1 with ΔH; ≠=(158±7)kJ mol−1 and ΔS≠=(42±4) JK−1 mol−1. The initial quantum yield for the photochemical reaction at pH=7 is independent of the light intensity and is (1.49±0.33)×10−2 mol einstein−1.Centro de Química Inorgánic

Crystal and molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of tris(o-phenanthroline)iron(II) nitroprusside dihydrate: [Fe(o-phen)₃]-[Fe(CN)₅NO]·2H₂O

The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/n witha=10.072(2),b=19.434(7),c=19.462(3) Å,β=101.07(1)° andZ=4. The anion has a geometry similar to that observed in other related complexes. The two water molecules are hydrogen bonded to each other and are located at van der Waals distances from nitrogen atoms of neighbor nitroprusside anions.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

The Multidisciplinary Approach to Renal Denervation: Current Evidences and Open Questions

Renal denervation (RD) is a new clinical procedure which aims to treat resistant hypertensive patients. As with every new technology introduced into the clinical setting, many aspects were not explored sufficiently in order to be implemented into routine clinical practice. Advances in clinical technology require different steps of development, which start from preliminary in vitro experiments and finally arrive in the market, available for physicians when they have been proven to produce benefits for patients. Each stage usually takes many years before acquiring consensus from specialists involved in specific fields. In our opinion, this is a long and blind way and is a disadvantage to patients who need rapid, specific, and effective treatments. Otherwise, a multidisciplinary approach can provide the right evaluation of RD position and its potential for clinical application and research development. Therefore, we decided to draw a well-structured literature review from different specialists’ points of view in order to cover the subject in a translational manner. We reported animal models and experimental trials, in chronological order, and their evidences which have created the basis for human research. Technologies and devices were compared to underlined advantages and disadvantages. An update of clinical data was considered to define clinical needs in order to build focused trials. Furthermore, we evaluate the feasibility of routine RD clinical use by means of an economic analysis. Finally, we tried to settle the main unresolved questions and then assessed future RD perspectives, including non-hypertension indications

Utilization of Small Changes in Serum Creatinine with Clinical Risk Factors to Assess the Risk of AKI in Critically lll Adults

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Disease biomarkers require appropriate clinical context to be used effectively. Combining clinical risk factors, in addition to small changes in serum creatinine, has been proposed to improve the assessment of AKI. This notion was developed in order to identify the risk of AKI early in a patient's clinical course. We set out to assess the performance of this combination approach. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: A secondary analysis of data from a prospective multicenter intensive care unit cohort study (September 2009 to April 2010) was performed. Patients at high risk using this combination approach were defined as an early increase in serum creatinine of 0.1-0.4 mg/dl, depending on number of clinical factors predisposing to AKI. AKI was defined and staged using the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. The primary outcome was evolution to severe AKI (Acute Kidney Injury Network stages 2 and 3) within 7 days in the intensive care unit. RESULTS: Of 506 patients, 214 (42.2%) patients had early creatinine elevation and were deemed at high risk for AKI. This group was more likely to subsequently develop the primary endpoint (16.4% versus 1.0% [not at high risk], P<0.001). The sensitivity of this grouping for severe AKI was 92%, the specificity was 62%, the positive predictive value was 16%, and the negative predictive value was 99%. After adjustment for Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, serum creatinine, and hazard tier for AKI, early creatinine elevation remained an independent predictor for severe AKI (adjusted relative risk, 12.86; 95% confidence interval, 3.52 to 46.97). Addition of early creatinine elevation to the best clinical model improved prediction of the primary outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.75 to 0.83, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Critically ill patients at high AKI risk, based on the combination of clinical factors and early creatinine elevation, are significantly more likely to develop severe AKI. As initially hypothesized, the high-risk combination group methodology can be used to identify patients at low risk for severe AKI in whom AKI biomarker testing may be expected to have low yield. The high risk combination group methodology could potentially allow clinicians to optimize biomarker use