Stakeholder Theory and Marketing: Moving from a Firm-Centric to a Societal Perspective

This essay is inspired by the ideas and research examined in the special section on “Stakeholder Marketing” of the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing in 2010. The authors argue that stakeholder marketing is slowly coalescing with the broader thinking that has occurred in the stakeholder management and ethics literature streams during the past quarter century. However, the predominant view of stakeholders that many marketers advocate is still primarily pragmatic and company centric. The position advanced herein is that stronger forms of stakeholder marketing that reflect more normative, macro/societal, and network-focused orientations are necessary. The authors briefly explain and justify these characteristics in the context of the growing “prosociety” and “proenvironment” perspectives—orientations that are also in keeping with the public policy focus of this journal. Under the “hard form” of stakeholder theory, which the authors endorse, marketing managers must realize that serving stakeholders sometimes requires sacrificing maximum profits to mitigate outcomes that would inflict major damage on other stakeholders, especially society

SDSS-IV MaStar : a large and comprehensive empirical stellar spectral library—first release

We present the first release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), which is a large, well-calibrated, high-quality empirical library covering the wavelength range 3622–10354 Å at a resolving power of R ~ 1800. The spectra were obtained using the same instrument as used by the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) project, by piggybacking on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV)/Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment 2-N (APOGEE-2N) observations. Compared to previous empirical libraries, the MaStar library will have a higher number of stars and a more comprehensive stellar-parameter coverage, especially of cool dwarfs, low-metallicity stars, and stars with different [α/Fe], achieved by a sophisticated target-selection strategy that takes advantage of stellar-parameter catalogs from the literature. This empirical library will provide a new basis for stellar-population synthesis and is particularly well suited for stellar-population analysis of MaNGA galaxies. The first version of the library contains 8646 high-quality per-visit spectra for 3321 unique stars. Compared to photometry, the relative flux calibration of the library is accurate to 3.9% in g − r, 2.7% in r − i, and 2.2% in i − z. The data are released as part of SDSS Data Release 15. We expect the final release of the library to contain more than 10,000 stars.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Abstracts from the 8th International Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications

This work was supported by a restricted research grant of Bayer AG

Localization and pattern of expression of a female specific mRNA in Schistosoma mansoni

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-05-06T12:13:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Reis MG Localization and Pattern....pdf: 816949 bytes, checksum: a4857b106f2b578cac1dff92128509d1 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-06T12:13:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reis MG Localization and Pattern....pdf: 816949 bytes, checksum: a4857b106f2b578cac1dff92128509d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989Escola de Medicina e Saude Publica. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilDivision of Geographic Medicine. Department of Medicine. Maryland, USADivision of Geographic Medicine. Department of Medicine. Maryland, USADivision of Geographic Medicine. Department of Medicine. Maryland, USA / Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology. Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals. Cleveland, OH, USATo understand mechanisms involved m sex-specific gene expression in Schistosoma mansoni, a cDNA (fs800) was isolated that hybridized to an 800 nucleotide mRNA present in high levels only in mature female worms. The fs800 cDNA sequence was characterized by two long open reading frames and central stretches of repeated amino acids. Fs800 did not share similarities with other known sequences in computer searches. In situ hybridization, however, revealed that the mRNA corresponding to fs800 was found only in female vitelline cells, suggesting that the product of this gene may be involved in the production or function of eggs. Fs800 is developmentally regulated as expression of this gene is dependent on the maturity of female worms. Furthermore, during in vitro culture, when female worms are known to stop egg production, expression of fs800 selectively ceased

Sources and distribution of surface water fecal contamination and prevalence of schistosomiasis in a brazilian village

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-10-31T12:36:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ponce-Terashima R Sources and....pdf: 930066 bytes, checksum: 7d7ca12f68b273436285704fc5bd42ca (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-10-31T12:36:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Ponce-Terashima R Sources and....pdf: 930066 bytes, checksum: 7d7ca12f68b273436285704fc5bd42ca (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-31T12:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ponce-Terashima R Sources and....pdf: 930066 bytes, checksum: 7d7ca12f68b273436285704fc5bd42ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Mercer University School of Medicine. Macon, Georgia, USA / Case Western Reserve University. Center for Global Health and Diseases. Cleveland Ohio, USAUniversity of Wisconsin. School of Freshwater Sciences. Great Lakes Water Institute. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USAFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity of Wisconsin. School of Freshwater Sciences. Great Lakes Water Institute. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USACase Western Reserve University. Center for Global Health and Diseases. Cleveland Ohio, USABACKGROUND: The relationship between poor sanitation and the parasitic infection schistosomiasis is well-known, but still rarely investigated directly and quantitatively. In a Brazilian village we correlated the spatial concentration of human fecal contamination of its main river and the prevalence of schistosomiasis. METHODS: We validated three bacterial markers of contamination in this population by high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and qPCR of feces from local residents. The qPCR of genetic markers from the 16S rRNA gene of Bacteroides-Prevotella group, Bacteroides HF8 cluster, and Lachnospiraceae Lachno2 cluster as well as sequencing was performed on georeferenced samples of river water. Ninety-six percent of residents were examined for schistosomiasis. FINDINGS: Sequence of 16S rRNA DNA from stool samples validated the relative human specificity of the HF8 and Lachno 2 fecal indicators compared to animals. The concentration of fecal contamination increased markedly along the river as it passed an increasing proportion of the population on its way downstream as did the sequence reads from bacterial families associated with human feces. Lachnospiraceae provided the most robust signal of human fecal contamination. The prevalence of schistosomiasis likewise increased downstream. Using a linear regression model, a significant correlation was demonstrated between the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and local concentration of human fecal contamination based on the Lachnospiraceae Lachno2 cluster (r2 0.53) as compared to the correlation with the general fecal marker E. coli (r2 0.28). INTERPRETATION: Fecal contamination in rivers has a downstream cumulative effect. The transmission of schistosomiasis correlates with very local factors probably resulting from the distribution of human fecal contamination, the limited movement of snails, and the frequency of water contact near the home. In endemic regions, the combined use of human associated bacterial markers and GIS analysis can quantitatively identify areas with risk for schistosomiasis as well as assess the efficacy of sanitation and environmental interventions for prevention

Reply to Moura et al

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-03-22T12:26:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva TM Reply to moura....pdf: 85237 bytes, checksum: 0ec164196a5b68ffd8b3f65c4d46fe04 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-03-22T13:11:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva TM Reply to moura....pdf: 85237 bytes, checksum: 0ec164196a5b68ffd8b3f65c4d46fe04 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T13:11:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva TM Reply to moura....pdf: 85237 bytes, checksum: 0ec164196a5b68ffd8b3f65c4d46fe04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Federal University of Bahia. Institute for Collective Health. Salvador, BA, BrasilCase Western Reserve University. Center for Global Health. Cleveland, OH, USAFederal University of Bahia. Institute for Collective Health. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. Institute for Collective Health. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Federal University of Bahia. Institute for Collective Health. Salvador, BA, BrasilCase Western Reserve University. Center for Global Health. Cleveland, OH, US

Schistosoma mansoni infection and nutritional status in schoolchildren: a randomized, double-blind trial in northeastern Brazil1–3

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-06-28T18:59:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis AMO Schistosoma mansoni...pdf: 142629 bytes, checksum: 779640530219f18adf3cbccf68a80a26 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-06-28T19:10:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis AMO Schistosoma mansoni...pdf: 142629 bytes, checksum: 779640530219f18adf3cbccf68a80a26 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T19:10:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis AMO Schistosoma mansoni...pdf: 142629 bytes, checksum: 779640530219f18adf3cbccf68a80a26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T11:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Assis AMO Schistosoma mansoni...pdf.txt: 38667 bytes, checksum: c8a093d5a65be0dc45b84a9889eb36de (MD5) Assis AMO Schistosoma mansoni...pdf: 142629 bytes, checksum: 779640530219f18adf3cbccf68a80a26 (MD5) license.txt: 2991 bytes, checksum: 5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998Federal University of Bahia. Department of Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Public Health. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. Department of Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Public Health. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. Department of Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Public Health. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Gonçalo Moniz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Gonçalo Moniz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine. Department of Nutrition and Division of Geographic Medicine. ClevelandBrazilian schoolchildren with mild- to moderate- intensity schistosome infections (< 400 Schistosoma mansoni eggs/g stool) were randomly allocated to a treatment (oxamniquine) or placebo group in a double-blind fashion. Anthropometric measurements were made at baseline, 6 mo, and 1 y for 353 students. At baseline, the groups were not significantly different with respect to nutritional status or selected socioeconomic and biological characteristics, including anthropometric measures. One year later, significant differences were noted only in the nutritional status of boys treated for schistosome infection. Treated boys had greater measurements for weight, triceps skinfold thickness, midarm circumference, arm muscle area, and body mass index than untreated boys. They also showed significant increases over the year in weight, height, midarm circumference, and body mass index. The rates of improvement in weight and height were more accelerated in the first 6 mo after therapy than the last. These results indicate that, at least in boys, chronic S. mansoni infection at any intensity is detrimental to short-term growth and developmen

The dynamics of dengue virus serotype 3 introduction and dispersion in the state of Bahia, Brazil

By 2002, dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) and DENV-2 had circulated for more than a decade in Brazil. In 2002, the introduction of DENV-3 in the state of Bahia produced a massive epidemic and the first cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Based on the standardized frequency, timing and location of viral isolations by the state’s Central Laboratory, DENV-3 probably entered Bahia through its capital, Salvador, and then rapidly disseminated to other cities, following the main roads. A linear regression model that included traffic flow, distance from the capital and DENV-1 circulation (r2 = 0.24, p = 0.001) supported this hypothesis. This pattern was not seen for serotypes already in circulation and was not seen for DENV-3 in the following year. Human population density was another important factor in the intensity of viral circulation. Neither DENV-1 nor DENV-2 fit this model for 2001 or 2003. Since the vector has limited flight range and vector densities fail to correlate with intensity of viral circulation, this distribution represents the movement of infected people and to some extent mosquitoes. This pattern may mimic person-to-person spread of a new infection

The dynamics of dengue virus serotype 3 introduction and dispersion in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Submitted by Martha Silveira Berbert ([email protected]) on 2011-08-20T23:43:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 The dynamics of dengue virus serotype 3.pdf: 1045331 bytes, checksum: 168550c0c87e5eb75046c83bc6d1bba4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2011-08-20T23:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 The dynamics of dengue virus serotype 3.pdf: 1045331 bytes, checksum: 168550c0c87e5eb75046c83bc6d1bba4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007Fiocruz (PDTSP), CNPq, NIH (AI056263-01)Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, BA, BrasilUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, BA, BrasilLaboratório Central do Estado da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilLaboratório Central do Estado da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilBy 2002, dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) and DENV-2 had circulated for more than a decade in Brazil. In 2002, the introduction of DENV-3 in the state of Bahia produced a massive epidemic and the first cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Based on the standardized frequency, timing and location of viral isolations by the state's Central Laboratory, DENV-3 probably entered Bahia through its capital, Salvador, and then rapidly disseminated to other cities, following the main roads. A linear regression model that included traffic flow, distance from the capital and DENV-1 circulation (r2 = 0.24, p = 0.001) supported this hypothesis. This pattern was not seen for serotypes already in circulation and was not seen for DENV-3 in the following year. Human population density was another important factor in the intensity of viral circulation. Neither DENV-1 nor DENV-2 fit this model for 2001 or 2003. Since the vector has limited flight range and vector densities fail to correlate with intensity of viral circulation, this distribution represents the movement of infected people and to some extent mosquitoes. This pattern may mimic person-to-person spread of a new infectio

The effect of sample size on estimates of genetic differentiation and effective population size for Schistosoma mansoni populations

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-11-28T17:09:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa LM. The effect of sample... 2018.pdf: 483947 bytes, checksum: 342562c08a168b68c81c5ebfea968796 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-11-28T17:25:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa LM. The effect of sample... 2018.pdf: 483947 bytes, checksum: 342562c08a168b68c81c5ebfea968796 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-28T17:25:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa LM. The effect of sample... 2018.pdf: 483947 bytes, checksum: 342562c08a168b68c81c5ebfea968796 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018National Institutes of Health, USA, grants R01 AI069195 and R01 AI121330.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Case Western Reserve University. Center for Global Health and Diseases. Biomedical Research Building. Cleveland, OH, USA.Eradication or local extinction of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni is a goal for many control programs. Population genetic analyses are helping to evaluate and guide these efforts, yet what to sample, how to sample and how densely to sample is not well established. We determined the S. mansoni allele frequency profile of nearly all infected inhabitants in two small Brazilian communities and created sub-samples representing 5-50% of all detected human infections (infrapopulations). Samples were selected at random with replacement, and each size class was replicated 100 times. Mean pairwise differentiation for all infrapopulations (Di) and the variance effective population size (Ne) were calculated for each sample. Prior to community-wide treatment, the true mean Di was moderate (0.095-0.123) and Ne large (>30,000). Most samples of 15% of all infrapopulations were required. At the 3 year follow-up after treatment, the Di increased and Ne was reduced by >15 fold. At this time sampling of >30-45% was needed to achieve the same accuracy. Following a second treatment and 4 years from baseline, the Di further increased and Ne decreased with little change in the sampling effort required. Extensive sampling is required for accurate estimates of these important population parameters. Characteristics such as population census size, infection prevalence, the community's treatment history and the degree of infrapopulation differentiation should be taken into account. The intensity of infection was weakly correlated with the ability of a single infrapopulation to represent the component population (Dic), indicating a tendency toward random acquisition of parasite genotypes. This also suggests that targeted sampling from those most heavily infected will better represent the genetic diversity of the whole community than a random sample of infrapopulations