Hydraulic Characteristics of PVC Pipe in Sanitary Sewers (A Report of Field Measurements)

Introduction: Since pipe made of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) is relatively new, its hydraulic characteristics that cause fluid friction head loss are not as well known as those of cast iron and concrete pipe. The lack of universally accepted roughness parameters for PVC pipe is attested by the fact that most textbooks dealing with the hydraulics and the fluid mechanics do not include such values. The hydraulic characteristics of PVC pipe have been measured in the laboratory studies for both open channel flow conditions, Neale and price (1), and for full flow conditions, Jeppson (2). However, no studies are known to exist which have determined these hydraulic characteristics of PVC pipe in the field. Furthermore, it is well known that the formation of scale can build up in steel, wrought, and cast iron pipe, so that after many years of service their hydraulic efficiency is significantly reduced. Whether PVC pipe is affected similarly is also not known

Aurora Volume 29

College formerly located at Olivet, Illinois and known as Olivet University, 1912-1923; Olivet College, 1923-1939, Olivet Nazarene College, 1940-1986, Olivet Nazarene University, 1986-https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/arch_yrbks/1095/thumbnail.jp

Aurora Volume 29

College formerly located at Olivet, Illinois and known as Olivet University, 1912-1923; Olivet College, 1923-1939, Olivet Nazarene College, 1940-1986, Olivet Nazarene University, 1986-https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/arch_yrbks/1095/thumbnail.jp

Re-Establishment of the Giant Canada Goose in Iowa

Giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima) were common nesters in Iowa before 1900 but were exterminated through overexploitation about that time. Recent efforts by the Iowa Conservation Commission to re-establish these birds have been successful. By providing protection and nesting areas this flock has been increased from a few pair in 1964 to 800-1,000 birds in 1970. The birds have adapted to the surrounding habitat and established a migration tradition. The goal is to increase the flock to 7,000 birds

Discharge characteristics of a carbon dioxide TEA laser

During the past two years a rapid development in the field of high pressure CO lasers has been witnessed. However, in the haste of this development very little effort had been expended to understand the detailed aspects of the discharge characteristics of such lasers. The results of a parametric study of the discharge characteristics of an atmospheric pressure, double-discharge CO2 laser are reported.http://archive.org/details/dischargecharact00bishLieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

It turns out the Armoire is your mother: Narratives of addiction in two cable television organization programs

Addiction Research & Theory, 14(2): pp. 139-157.An ideological analysis was conducted of two cable television programs which offer strategies on how to organize the “stuff” accumulated by individuals: Clean Sweep, which airs on the TLC cable channel, and Clean House, which airs on the Style cable channel. Both programs send in energetic team of experts to help couples identify and dispose of items that they believe (and the couples agree) are negatively impacting their lives. The assumption emerging from these programs is that the unbridled passion of the guests for accumulation – of collectibles, and of just plain “stuff” – has begun to damage their lives. Rather than simply help these individuals get rid of what they no longer need, these programs sustain an ideology that suggests that the individuals who appear on these programs are addicts, desperately in need of a nationally televised intervention

Una reevaluación de la economía de la producción cerámica en el sitio Ayala (1-1250 d.C), Granada, Pacífico de Nicaragua

Located on the flanks of Mombacho volcano to the southeast of Granada City, Ayala was the largest occupied center in the area until roughly AD 800, after which its prominence declined. Investigations in the 1990s determined that the site likely played an important local sociopolitical role, as well as being connected to distant groups along vast networks. This interpretation derived, in part, from ceramic evidence including the earliest compositionally verified polychromes manufactured in Pacific Nicaragua ca. AD 500–800 (e.g., Momta and Belo polychromes) and a variety of ceramic types associated with west-central Honduras and El Salvador (e.g., Usulután negative resist and Las Vegas polychromes). Yet, evidence for the (re)distribution of those wares to other known sites in Pacific Nicaragua was lacking. Recent recovery of Ayala’s polychromes at the 13 km-distant site of El Rayo, however, has drawn the site back to the foreground of study. Coupled with advances in volcanology and geochemistry, compositional analyses (INAA and petrography) not only challenge long-held assumptions about the organization of the ceramic economy in Pacific Nicaragua, but also amplify our understanding of Ayala’s specific role within the revised model. Results indicate that (a) Ayala’s unique polychromes were manufactured, at least in some measure, for off-site mortuary-related destinations, (b) the site was only sporadically receiving vessels from west-central Honduras, more frequently creating well-crafted local versions, and (c) rather than simply a consumer of key diagnostic styles after AD 800 (e.g., Papagayo Polychrome) as previously assumed, Ayala was a principal producer and distributor, if not a leader in their development.El asentamiento denominado Ayala, está situado al sureste de la ciudad de Granada, en las faldas del volcán Mombacho. En esa área, fue el sitio con una ocupación más prolongada hasta aproximadamente el 800 d.C., cuando su importancia declinó. En la década de los años 1990, las investigaciones indicaron que este desempeñó un papel sociopolítico importante, que incluyó el mantener amplias redes de contacto e intercambio con grupos de regiones distantes. Esto se derivó, en parte, de la evidencia cerámica que incluyó, la determinación mediante análisis composicional, de los primeros policromos manufacturados en el Pacífico durante el periodo 500-800 d.C. en Nicaragua, así como una variedad de tipos cerámicos asociados con el oeste y centro de Honduras y El Salvador (p. ej. Usulután Negativo Resistente y Las Vegas Policromo). Sin embargo, se desconocía la distribución de estas cerámicas hacia otros sitios conocidos del Pacífico de Nicaragua, con raras excepciones. El hallazgo de policromos en el sitio El Rayo, localizado 13 kilómetros al este de Ayala, manufacturados en este último, permitió una nueva mirada a las dinámicas de la producción cerámica en el sitio. Junto con recientes avances en vulcanología y geoquímica, los resultados del análisis composicional (AANI y la petrografía) han cuestionado no solo las asunciones anteriores acerca de la producción cerámica en el Pacífico de Nicaragua, sino también ha ampliado el conocimiento del papel específico de Ayala dentro del modelo establecido. Los resultados indican que los policromos producidos en ese sitio fueron: a) manufacturados, al menos en parte, para una función funeraria y quizás doméstica fuera del sitio, (b) que sólo esporádicamente se recibieron vasijas del oeste y el centro de Honduras, mientras que con frecuencia se hicieron con características similares, y (c) que en lugar de ser un consumidor de estilos cerámicos diagnósticos como el Papagayo Policromo después 800 d.C., Ayala fue el principal productor y distribuidor, y quizás el innovador en su desarrollo, contrario a lo antes pensado.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigaciones Antropológicas (CIAN)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Antropologí

Student Pilot Perceptions of Flight Training

Within the aviation industry, there is an increasing demand for an estimated 635,000 new pilots over the next 20 years (Boeing, 2018). The demand for training of new, student pilots has increased the use of recreational aircraft (RA) with technologically advanced cockpits in flight schools. The impact of RA based training compared to general aviation (GA) aircraft training on student mental workload is not well understood. This research investigated student pilot awareness of mental workload between technologically advanced cockpit equipped RA training with analog gauge equipped general aviation aircraft (GA) training. There were a total of 25 aviation students, with a mean age of 24.4 years (17 males and 8 females), who completed in separate studies, self-reported assessment of mental workload using the NASA TLX combined with semi-structured interviews following both RA and GA flight training circuits, and simulation-based flight circuits. The results showed a significantly higher rating of mental workload across subscales of mental and physical demand on the NASATLX in recreational aviation aircraft training compared to general aviation aircraft. Similarly, thematic content analysis of semi-structured interviews identified that mental workload of the student pilots flying the recreational aircraft was perceived to be more than the general aviation aircraft, with pilots reporting that Landing, as a stage of flight, to be the most mentally demanding phase of flight for both RA and GA aircraft. This research highlights an opportunity for further research into specific training for RA vs. GA aircraft training and provides an insight into the overall demand and potential barriers of using technology-based cockpits in the developmental stages of flight training. Further research is recommended to measure the physiological levels of mental workload during a flight to assess the real time effects of mental workload required of student pilots

Marsh Management and Its Relationship to Vegetation, Waterfowl, and Muskrats

Management of Iowa marshes is primarily aimed at waterfowl production with secondary considerations for furbearing animals and non-game wildlife. Difficulty in maintaining the hemi-marsh, which is considered optimum for avian production, prompted this study to examine the interrelationships between duck breeding populations, muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) population densities, and emergent vegetation. Blue-winged teal (Anas discors) populations responded more closely to changes in percent of the area that contained emergent vegetation than mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Waterfowl populations were not totally dependent on vegetative conditions of the marsh. Muskrat populations were directly related to habitat quality but fall water levels were influential m regulating the number of muskrat houses and number of muskrats caught by trappers. The most beneficial management program for waterfowl production on glaciated marshes requires revegetation by man-induced droughts and maintenance of water levels until the open stage occurs, then the procedure should be repeated. Marshes are best managed individually by utilizing results from past management procedures