La crisis de la gobernabilidad política del Estado Mexicano y la democracia participativa como una vía de solución

Hablar de gobernabilidad y democracia son temas álgidos en las agendas internacionales; México no es la excepción. En este sentido, a través del presente artículo se pretende realizar un breve estudio sobre la crisis que se está viviendo respecto a la gobernabilidad política en el Estado Mexicano, así como la posibilidad de considerar a la participación ciudadana como una opción para permitir que el ciudadano se involucre en temas generales y con ello permitir la legitimación del poder

Primer reporte de specularius impressithorax (pic) (coleoptera: bruchidae) alimentándose de semillas de erythrina americana miller en los estados de Veracruz y Morelos, México

In this note, we report the first record of Specularius impressithorax (Pic) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in seeds of Erythrina americana. The flowers of this plant are used as food or as a commercial commodity. The presence of this insect could therefore cause economic damage to the region

Bioavailability and biotransformation of linolenic acid from basil seed oil as a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids tested on a rat experimental model

Basil is an aromatic herb with a high concentration of bioactive compounds. The oil extracted from its seeds is a good source of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and also provides substantial amounts of linoleic acid (LA). This study aimed to test the bioavailability of the oil derived from basil seeds and its effects on different physiological parameters using 7–15% dietary inclusion levels. Furthermore, the assimilation of LA and ALA and their transformation in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have been studied. Digestive utilization of total fat from basil seed oil (BSO) was high and similar to that of olive oil used as a control. Consumption of BSO resulted in increased LA and ALA levels of the plasma, liver, and erythrocyte membrane. In addition, the transformation of LA to arachidonic acid (ARA) was decreased by the high dietary intake of ALA which redirected the pathway of the Δ-6 desaturase enzyme towards the transformation of ALA into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). No alterations of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters were found for the 7 and 10% dietary inclusion levels of BSO, whereas a decrease in the platelet count and an increase in total- and HDL-cholesterol as well as plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found for a 15% BSO dose. In conclusion, BSO is a good source of ALA to be transformed into EPA and decrease the precursor of the pro-inflammatory molecule ARA. This effect on the levels of EPA in different tissues offers potential for its use as a dietary supplement, novel functional food, or a constituent of nutraceutical formulations to treat different pathologies.Spanish GovernmentEuropean Commission PTQ-17-09172 RTC-2017-6540-1 RTI2018-100934-B-I00 RTC2019-006870-1Andalusian Government AGR145 CTS164 CTS-10

Caracterización morfológica por MFA de óxido de aluminio sintetizadas sobre placas de ITO

En este trabajo se estudió la formación de películas de óxido de aluminio sobre placas de ITO-SiO₂, utilizando el método de anodizado electroquímico. Para poder efectuar el anodizado es necesario realizar un depósito de aluminio sobre las placas de ITO-SiO₂, el método empleado para el depósito es por vía sputtering. Posteriormente se realiza la anodización electroquímica con diferentes voltajes de trabajo para lograr películas con características morfológicas diferentes a lo largo del área de las placas recubiertas con aluminio. Fueron analizadas dichas propiedades por medio Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica en modo imagen, en donde se puede obtener la morfología de las películas, tamaño de partícula y rugosidad; comprobando que la morfología y topografía de cada una de las muestras sintetizadas es diferente de acuerdo al voltaje aplicado.In this work was studied the formation of aluminum oxide films on ITO-SiO₂, plates, using the electrochemical anodizing method. To be able to carry out the anodizing it is necessary to make an aluminum deposit on the ITO-SiO₂, plates, the method used for the deposit is by sputtering. Subsequently, electrochemical anodization is performed with different working voltages to achieve films with different morphological characteristics in the plates coated with aluminum. These properties were analyzed by means of Atomic Force Microscopy in image mode, where the morphology of the films, particle size and roughness can be obtained; verifying that the morphology and topography of each of the samples synthesized is different according to the applied voltage

Invoking Chiral Vector Leptoquark to explain LFU violation in B Decays

LHCb has recently reported more than $2\sigma$ deviation from the Standard Model prediction in the observable $R_{J/\psi}$. We study this anomaly in the framework of a vector leptoquark along with other lepton flavor universality violating measurements which include $R_{K^{(*)}}$, and $R_{D^{(*)}}$. We show that a chiral vector leptoquark can explain all the aforementioned anomalies consistently while also respecting other experimental constraints

Antitumor Effect of the Ethanolic Extract from Seeds of Euphorbia lathyris in Colorectal Cancer

The seeds of Euphorbia lathyris have been used in traditional medicine to treat various medical conditions. However, neither all of their active biocompounds nor the molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects have been described. A new ethanolic extract of defatted flour from mature seeds of Euphorbia lathyris showed a high total polyphenol content and significant antioxidant activity. Chromatographic analysis showed that esculetin, euphorbetin, gaultherin, and kaempferol-3-rutinoside were the most abundant polyphenolic bioactive compounds. Antiproliferative assays showed a high and selective antitumor activity against colon cancer cell lines (T84 and HCT-15). In addition, a significant antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma multiforme cells was also demonstrated. Its mechanism of action to induce cell death was mediated by the overexpression of caspases 9, 3, and 8, and by activation of autophagy. Interestingly, a reduction in the migration capacity of colon cancer cells and a significant antiangiogenic effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells were also demonstrated. Finally, the extract significantly reduced the subpopulations of cancer stem cells. This extract could be the basis to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of colon cancer, although further experiments will be necessary to determine its in vivo effects.Granada University (project PSE/17/002), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (project RTC-2017-6540-1) and by the CTS-107 and AGR145 Groups

In vivo antitumor activity of Euphorbia lathyris ethanol extract in colon cancer models

Euphorbia lathyris seeds have been used to treat various medical conditions. We previously reported that ethanolic extract from the defatted seed of Euphorbia lathyris (EE) (variety S3201) possesses a potent in vitro antitumor activity against colon cancer (CRC) cell lines. However, the effects of EE on CRC in vivo models and its possible preventive activity have not been elucidated. The aim of this study is to develop an in vivo study to corroborate its efficacy. For this purpose, two tumor induction models have been developed. In orthotopic xenograft model, it has been shown that EE reduces tumor size without hematological toxicity. The ethanolic extract induced an intense apoptosis in tumors mediated by caspase 3. Using the Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium model, a reduction of dysplastic polyps has been demonstrated, showing its preventive power. Furthermore, EE promoted the presence of an eubiotic microbiotal environment in the mucosa of the colon and induced an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. This fact was accompanied by a modulation of cytokine expression that could be related to its protective mechanism. Therefore, although further experiments will be necessary to determine its applicability in the treatment of CRC, ES could be a new prevention strategy as well as treatment for this type of tumor, being a powerful candidate for future clinical trials.Spanish Government RTC-2017-6540-1 RTC2019-006870-1Junta de Andalucia P18-TP-1420European Commission AGR145 CTS-107Andalusian Governmen

Caracterización de la información sobre Salud Ocupacional Characterization of information about Occupational Health

Introducción: El interés por la información y el conocimiento toma cada vez más fuerza. Es creciente la demanda social de orientación adecuada para afrontar los complejos y nuevos problemas globales. Las condiciones actuales de la Revolución Científico-Técnica producen un interés creciente hacia la información y el conocimiento y la gestión y uso creativo de ambas. Una mejor y más efectiva estrategia para lograr la difusión de la actividad científica es publicar trabajos y compartirlos a través de la ciencia abierta. Se propone una investigación exploratoria relacionada con la temática de la salud ocupacional. Objetivo: Identificar la información general sobre la salud ocupacional. Métodos: Se determinó la validez de contenido según criterios de evaluación de Moriyama a un cuestionario confeccionado previamente con los aspectos requeridos para identificar la información general sobre la temática. La versión definitiva fue aplicada para explorar los mencionados elementos en una población relacionada con la institución y/o la especialidad. Se analizaron y presentaron los resultados cualitativa y estadísticamente para recomendar estrategias que permitan incrementar los conocimientos y la visibilidad nacional e internacional. Resultados: Se obtuvo, mayoritariamente a través de las redes sociales ResearchGate y LinkedIn, información general sobre la Salud ocupacional, clasificada según los datos sociodemográficos, conocimientos de la gestión de la información y relación con la actividad del Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Trabajadores. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en la muestra estudiada inclinan a pensar en la necesidad de un trabajo sostenido para gestionar el aumento de la visibilidad de la Salud ocupacional Introduction: Interest in information and knowledge is gaining an increasing strength. The social demand for adequate guidance to face the complex and new global problems is growing. The current conditions of the scientific-technical revolution produce a growing interest in information and knowledge, as well as the management and creative usage of both. A better and more effective strategy to achieve the dissemination of scientific activity is publishing works and sharing them through open science. An exploratory research related to the theme of occupational health is proposed. Objective: To identify general information about occupational health. Methods: Content validity was determined according to Moriyama's assessment criteria applied to a previously prepared questionnaire with the required aspects for identifying the general information on the subject. The final version was applied to explore the aforementioned elements in a population related to the institution or the specialty. The results were analyzed and presented qualitatively and statistically to recommend strategies that allow increasing knowledge, as well as national and international visibility. Results: General information on occupational health was obtained, mostly through the ResearchGate and LinkedIn social networks. Such information was classified according to sociodemographic data, knowledge of information management and its relationship with the activity of the Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Trabajadores. Conclusions: The results obtained in the studied sample permit to think about the need for sustained work to manage the increased visibility of occupational healt

Secuestro de carbono en suelo cafetalero con alta pendiente en la Sierra de Santa Marta

En este estudio se analizó el potencial de secuestro de carbono de un suelo proveniente de un cafetal con sombra, influenciado por una pendiente del 34%. El carbono total secuestrado a lo largo de la pendiente fue cuantificado mediante el aporte de la hojarasca, las ramas, el mantillo y el suelo. La población de bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno de vida libre (BFNVL) y el contenido de materia orgánica (MO) fueron usados como indicadores de la calidad del suelo. Finalmente, se determinó el impacto de los beneficios económicos del secuestro de carbono bajo esas condiciones. Los resultados indicaron que el cafetal bajo sombra ofrece condiciones favorables para el secuestro de carbono, debido al aporte continuo de carbono proveniente de la hojarasca y las ramas, con la consecuente formación de mantillo; sin embargo, el secuestro de carbono total fue severamente impactado a lo largo de toda la pendiente, debido al posible arrastre del material orgánico y nutrimentos, favorecidos por la erosión hídrica, contribuyendo a la formación de zonas heterogéneas. En consecuencia, el contenido de MO y las poblaciones de BFNVL fueron afectados. Por ello, el potencial de secuestro de carbono fue muy bajo en comparación con otros estudios realizados en cafetales bajo sombra, lo que indica, que bajo estas condiciones, no es apto para competir en el mercado de carbono, afectando negativamente el potencial económicos de la zona. Por todo lo anterior, el desarrollo de estrategias de conservación de suelos fue altamente recomendado para este sitio

Evolution and implementation of CDIO initiatives at ETSII-UPM

The School of Industrial Engineering at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM) has been promoting student-centred teaching-learning activities, according to the aims of the Bologna Declaration, well before the official establishment of the European Area of Higher Education. Such student-centred teaching-learning experiences led us to the conviction that project based learning is rewarding, both for students and academics, and should be additionally promoted in our new engineering programmes, adapted to the Grade-Master structure. The level of commitment of our teachers with these activities is noteworthy, as the teaching innovation experiences carried out in the last ten years have led to the foundation of 17 Teaching Innovation Groups at ETSII-UPM, hence leading the ranking of teaching innovation among all UPM centres. Among interesting CDIO activities our students have taken part in especially complex projects, including the Formula Student, linked to the complete development of a competition car, and the Cybertech competition, aimed at the design, construction and operation of robots for different purposes. Additional project-based learning teamwork activities have been linked to toy design, to the development of medical devices, to the implementation of virtual laboratories, to the design of complete industrial installations and factories, among other activities detailed in present study. The implementation of Bologna process will culminate at ETSII-UPM with the beginning of the Master’s Degree in Industrial Engineering, in academic year 2014-15. The program has been successfully approved by the Spanish Agency for Accreditation (ANECA), with the inclusion of a set of subjects based upon the CDIO methodology denominated generally “INGENIA”, linked to the Spanish “ingeniar” (to provide ingenious solutions), also related etymologically in Spanish with “ingeniero”, engineer. INGENIA students will live through the complete development process of a complex product or system and there will be different kind of projects covering most of the engineering majors at ETSII-UPM