ADHERENCIA DEL STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS EN DIENTES PERMANENTES HUMANOS SOMETIDOS A DOS AGENTES BLANQUEADORES

Objetivo: La finalidad del presente estudio in vitro fue determinar si la adherencia de Streptococcus mutans a la superficie dentaria se ve incrementadapor el uso de agentes blanqueadores sobre dichas piezas.Material y método: Se utilizaron 30 primeras premolares superiores sin signos de fractura ni lesiones cariosas, las cuales se agruparon en tres grupos:piezas tratadas con peróxido de carbamida al 22% durante 4 horas diarias por 9 días, piezas tratadas con peróxido de hidrógeno al 7,5% durante 1 horadiaria por 9 días (siguiendo las indicaciones del fabricante) y grupo control; piezas que no fueron tratadas con ningún agente blanqueador. Posteriormentelas piezas dentarias fueron colocadas con las caras vestibulares sobre placas de cultivo de Streptococcus mutans y se dejaron en exposición por 24 horas.El número de colonias adheridas a las superficies dentarias fue dado mediante pruebas bacteriológicas.Resultados: En los resultados obtenid

Aproximación a la calidad en el sector turístico español: planes y herramientas

Este trabajo profundiza en las políticas del sector turístico español enfocadas a implantar estrategias de gestión de calidad en los destinos turísticos nacionales, así como las herramientas propuestas por la propia administración para medir los niveles de calidad, haciendo especial referencia a la Q del ICTE; cuyo objetivo primordial es ofertar al cliente un servicio de calidad que satisfaga sus necesidades. Se realiza una propuesta de trabajo empírico, a través del estudio de la calidad desde una perspectiva subjetiva, un análisis del comportamiento del cliente sobre el servicio a consumir, a través del uso de la escala Servqual formulada por la escuela Norteamericana, por ser la que mayor difusión científica ha alcanzado. De tal forma que se puedan identificar los juicios sobre la calidad del servicio que realizan los consumidores, y poder conocer mejor si los productos que ofertan los alojamientos turísticos nacionales, certificados a través de la norma Q del ICTE, pueden aportar un mayor nivel de satisfacción a las necesidades de sus potenciales clientes, teniendo en cuenta sus percepciones a la hora de diseñar los servicios de calidad.This paper studies the Spanish tourism sector policies aimed at implementing quality management strategies at the national tourist destinations, and the tools proposed by the administration itself to measure levels of quality, with particular reference to the Q of ICTE, which primary objective is to offer the customer a quality service that meets your needs.It makes a proposal for empirical work, through the study of quality from a subjective perspective, an analysis of customer behavior on the service to consume, through the use of the SERVQUAL scale made by the American school, because they science has achieved more widespread. So that judgments can be identified on the quality of service provided by consumers, and to learn more if the products that offer tourist accommodation national certificates through the ICTE Q Standard, can provide a higher level of satisfaction to the needs of potential customers, taking into account their perceptions on the design of quality services

Calidad en el sector turístico. Análisis del estado del arte

El turismo es un sector productivo con gran relevancia económica en los mercados internacionales. Su fuerte crecimiento origina un entorno con una intensidad competitiva creciente y de globalización de los mercados, provocando que la calidad se convierta en una estrategia determinante en el éxito de las organizaciones. Este escenario es detectado por la comunidad científica, surgiendo numerosos estudios sobre esta temática. En base a lo anterior, se van a tratar de identificar los proyectos científicos más relevantes que muestren la evolución de la calidad en el sector turístico. Para ello se va a efectuar una aproximación de las investigaciones existentes sobre este tema a través de una revisión de la literatura en revistas científicas internacionales de reconocido prestigio. Los resultados obtenidos se centran en la existencia de dos grandes líneas de investigación: por un lado estudios que cuantifican la calidad con una naturaleza objetiva, por estar orientada al producto o al proceso, efectuando una medición cuantitativa de los atributos que posea (Garvin, 1988), aplicando los fundamentos de este término establecidos en el sector industrial al sector servicios, imponiéndose los atributos del servicio como elemento definitorio de la calidad. Por otro lado se han identificado estudios que muestran el término calidad con una visión subjetiva, destacando como elemento clave de análisis el comportamiento que muestran los clientes ante los servicios turísticos recibidos.Tourism is a productive sector with great economic importance in international markets. Its strong growth creates an environment with increasing competitive intensity and market globalization, causing the quality to become a strategy in the success of organizations. This scenario is detected by the scientific community, emerging numerous studies on this subject. Based on the foregoing, it will try to identify the most relevant scientific projects that show the evolution of quality in tourism. This is going to make an approximation of existing research on this topic through a literature review in international journals of repute. The results focus on the existence of two major lines of research: first studies that quantify the quality objective in nature, since it is oriented to the product or process, making a quantitative measurement of the attributes that have (Garvin, 1988 ), applying this term fundamentals established in the industrial sector to the service sector, imposing service attributes as a defining quality. Furthermore studies have been identified that show the term quality with a subjective view, highlighting a key element behavior analysis showing clients before tourism services received

ChatGPT: reflexiones sobre la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial generativa en la docencia universitaria

En los últimos años, el desarrollo de las técnicas de inteligencia artificial generativa está alcanzando un grado de madurez que era impensable hace una década. Estos avances han dado lugar a herramientas que permiten generar imágenes a partir de descripciones en lenguaje natural, realizar transcripciones y traducciones automáticas en tiempo real o interactuar con un asistente conversacional capaz de generar documentos formales y técnicos. A partir de un análisis DAFO, en este artículo se recogen una serie de reflexiones sobre ChatGPT, un chatbot que en noviembre de 2022 revolucionó el mundo de la inteligencia artificial generativa resolviendo problemas matemáticos, generando código fuente, creando cuentos o elaborando noticias e informes técnicos. ¿Qué desafíos supone la irrupción de herramientas como ChatGPT en la docencia universitaria? ¿Qué oportunidades brinda para mejorar la calidad de la docencia? ¿Estamos ante un punto de inflexión en la educación tal y como la conocemos?In recent years, the development of generative artificial intelligence techniques is reaching a level of maturity that was unthinkable a decade ago. These advances have led to the development of new tools that can generate images from natural language descriptions, perform automatic transcriptions and translations in real time, or interact with a conversational assistant capable of generating formal and technical documents. Based on a SWOT analysis, this article contains a series of reflections on ChatGPT, a chatbot that, in November 2022, has revolutionised the world of generative artificial intelligence by solving mathematical problems, generating source code, creating stories and producing news and technical reports. What challenges does the emergence of tools such as ChatGPT pose for university teaching? What opportunities does it offer to improve the quality of lectures? Are we facing a turning point in education as we know it

Allium-Based Phytobiotic Enhances Egg Production in Laying Hens through Microbial Composition Changes in Ileum and Cecum

The misuse of antibiotics has led several countries to ban their use as prophylactics against bacterial diseases or as growth promoters in livestock and poultry. Phytobiotics (bioactive compounds extracted from plants) are one of the alternatives, due to their antimicrobial activity and its modulation of the gut microbiota and the improvement of productive properties. Garlic and onion extracts, rich in antimicrobial compounds, are of the most promising alternative to antibiotics. We supplemented a garlic- and onion-based product in the diet to laying hens at the beginning of their productive life. The group supplied with this product produced in one month more eggs and with bigger size. This increase in production was accompanied by changes in the bacterial community of the gut. These changes in the microbiota suggest an improvement in food digestibility, as the most important changes produced by these compounds occur in the most distal parts of the gut. The relative abundance of beneficial Lactococcus in the ileum and Lactobacillus in the cecum increased in the experimental group. Both genera are known to have beneficial effects on host. These results are very promising for the use of these compounds in poultry for short periods.Phytobiotics (bioactive compounds extracted from plants) are one of the explored alternatives to antibiotics in poultry and livestock due to their antimicrobial activity and its positive effects on gut microbiota and productive properties. In this study, we supplemented a product based on garlic and onion compounds in the diet to laying hens at the beginning of their productive life (from 16 to 20 weeks post-hatching). The experimental group showed a significant increase in the number of eggs laid and in their size, produced in one month compared to the control. This increase in production was accompanied by microbiota changes in the ileum and cecum by means of high throughput sequencing analyses. These bacterial shifts in the ileum were mainly the result of compositional changes in the rare biosphere (unweighted UniFrac), while in the cecum, treatment affected both majority and minority bacterial groups (weighted and unweighted UniFrac). These changes in the microbiota suggest an improvement in food digestibility. The relative abundance of Lactococcus in the ileum and Lactobacillus in the cecum increased significantly in the experimental group. The relative abundance of these bacterial genera are known to have positive effects on thSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo (Junta de Andalucía)University of Granada-CEI BioTic (Project No. P-BS-37)INTERCONECTA program (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

Assessing the Biofortification of Wheat Plants by Combining a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) and Polymeric Fe-Nanoparticles: Allies or Enemies?

Biofortification has been widely used to increase mineral nutrients in staple foods, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). In this study, a new approach has been used by analyzing the effect of inoculation with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), namely, Bacillus aryabhattai RSO25 and the addition of 1% (v/v) of organometallic Fe-containing polymeric nanoparticles (FeNPs) alone and in combination. Previously, the minimal inhibitory concentration of FeNPs for the bacterium was determined in order not to inhibit bacterial growth. All treatments had minor effects on seed germination and plant survival. Considering the physiology of plants, several photosynthetic parameters were significantly improved in individual treatments with FeNPs or the bacterium, particularly the efficiency of the photosystem II and the electron transport rate, which is indicative of a better photosynthetic performance. However, at the end of the experiment, a significant effect on final plant growth was not observed in shoots or in roots. When using FeNPs alone, earlier spike outgrow was observed and the final number of spikes increased by 20%. Concerning biofortification, FeNPs increased the concentration of Fe in spikes by 35%. In fact, the total amount of Fe per plant base rose to 215% with regard to the control. Besides, several side effects, such as increased Ca and decreased Na and Zn in spikes, were observed. Furthermore, the treatment with only bacteria decreased Na and Fe accumulation in grains, indicating its inconvenience. On its side, the combined treatment led to intermediate Fe accumulation in spikes, since an antagonist effect between RSO25 and FeNPs was observed. For this reason, the combined treatment was discouraged. In conclusion, of the three treatments tested, FeNPs alone is recommended for achieving efficient Fe biofortification in wheat.Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain grant PID2019-109371GB-I00Junta de Andalucía (Spain) Project FQM-135University of Seville, Spain PPIT-2020/0000109

Nanopartículas poliméricas de zinc y su potencial uso como agentes de biofortificación

En la actualidad el hambre y los malos hábitos alimenticios son un problema reconocido por la organización mundial de la salud (OMS). A pesar de todos los esfuerzos propuestos para solventar este problema, la OMS ha admitido que no se alcanzará el objetivo de hambre cero para 2030. Por todo esto y para aportar soluciones imaginativas a este problema, nos propusimos emplear nanopartículas poliméricas cargadas con zinc, junto con la bacteria Pantoea agglomerans, promotora de crecimiento de plantas (PGPR), para mejorar el valor nutricional de plantas como el trigo (Triticum aestivum), mediante bioforitficación. Las plantas de trigo fueron tratadas, tras su previa germinación, y se recogieron medidas de concentración de metales usando técnicas analíticas. Los resultados mostraron que los parámetros físicos y fisiológicos no se vieron afectados y se produjo una acumulación notoria del Zn en la parte aérea

Egg Production in Poultry Farming Is Improved by Probiotic Bacteria

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious threats for human health in the near future. Livestock has played an important role in the appearance of antibioticresistant bacteria, intestinal dysbiosis in farming animals, or the spread of AMR among pathogenic bacteria of human concern. The development of alternatives like probiotics is focused on maintaining or improving production levels while diminishing these negative effects of antibiotics. To this end, we supplied the potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis UGRA10 in the diet of laying hens at a final concentration of 108 Colony Forming Units per gram (CFU/g) of fodder. Its effects have been analyzed by: (i) investigating the response of the ileum and caecum microbiome; and (ii) analyzing the outcome on eggs production. During the second half of the experimental period (40 to 76 days), hens fed E. faecalis UGRA10 maintained egg production, while control animals dropped egg production. Supplementation diet with E. faecalis UGRA10 significantly increased ileum and caecum bacterial diversity (higher bacterial operational taxonomic unit richness and Faith’s diversity index) of laying hens, with animals fed the same diet showing a higher similarity in microbial composition. These results point out to the beneficial effects of E. faecalis UGRA10 in egg production. Future experiments are necessary to unveil the underlying mechanisms that mediate the positive response of animals to this treatment.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo (Junta de Andalucía), the University of Granada- CEI BioTic (Project No. P-BS-37), and the INTERCONECTA program (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness). JP-S was funded by Junta de Andalucia (Proyectos de Excelencia 2011- RNM-8147)