Changes in the vector of industrial policy and possibilities for the innovative development of the industrial regions

In the present paper, reasons for the increased interest in industrial policy in both developed and developing countries are explained. The systematisation of the results of the development of Russian industry from 1989 to 2014 showed a lack of systematic selection of its priorities, preventing the formation of a strategic vector of industrial policy. The target diversity of the industrial policy is established at the different economic development stages of the country. In the context of economic sanctions against Russia, it is shown that the emergence of a new industrial policy vector is connected to the need for import substitution and concomitant changes in the development model of the domestic economy. The dynamics and characteristics of the industrial development area are shown by the example of a highly developed region like the Central Urals. The total level of organisational innovation activity continues to be low and composes only 12%, although in the manufacturing sector this index is higher than the regional economy index by four absolute percentage points. The industrial policy of the Central Urals is analysed and innovation drivers of the industrial sector of the regional economy are established. The possibilities of the defence, civil engineering, mining, chemical/pharmaceutical and forestry complexes of the Sverdlovsk Region to implement its import substitution policy are explained. The most significant investment projects that will reduce the import dependence of the regional economy are presented. The possibilities of the research sector and created innovation infrastructure of the region in solving this problem are shown. It is necessary to develop the regional laws on the elaboration of industrial policy according to the basic regulations of the Federal Law “On Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation.”This article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation Grant 14-02-00331 «Innovative and technological development of the region: assessment, forecasting and ways of achievement.

Development of a Methodology for the Economic Assessment of Managerial Decisions as a Factor of Increased Economic Security

The article notes that the emergence of such a phenomenon as the interdependence of security and development, the so-called security-development nexus, becomes a determinant during the development of strategic documents at all hierarchical levels. It gives relevance to the search for methodological solutions that would on a strategic level take into account any potential threats to economic security, and on a tactical level provide for pragmatic actions that are not in conflict with the strategic development vector of business entities. The authors identify the instability factors that pose a real threat to economic security. They substantiate the expediency of forming a new model of the national economy development with a focal point on new industrialization. The article factors in the most important trends in the development of the global economy that determine the strategic vector of enhancing the economic security in Russia. It is ascertained that in the conditions of new industrialization, the intellectual core of the high-tech economy sector is formed by convergent technologies (NBICS technologies). The authors offer a methodological approach to the economic assessment of managerial decisions in the context of uncertainty. They also identify methodological principles that must be taken into account in developing a modern methodology for the economic assessment of business decisions. The principles include forming a preferred reality, or the so-called “vision of the future,” the priority of network solutions as the basis for the formation of new markets; mass customization and individualization of demands, principal changes in the profile of competences that ensure competitiveness on the labor market, use of the ideology of inclusive development and impact investment that creates common values. The proposed methodology is based on the optimum combination of traditional methods used for the economic assessment of managerial decisions with the method of real options and reflexive assessments with regard to entropy as a measure of uncertainty. The proposed methodological approach has been tested in respect of the Ural mining and metallurgical complex.The article has been prepared with the support of the grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research № 16–06–00403 "Modelling the Motivational Potentials of the Multi-subject Industrial Policy in the Context of New Industrialization"

Development Trends and Economic Assessment of the Integration Processes on the Metals Market

In the present paper, reasons for the increased interest in industrial policy in both developed and developing countries are explained. The systematisation of the results of the development of Russian industry from 1989 to 2014 showed a lack of systematic selection of its priorities, preventing the formation of a strategic vector of industrial policy. The target diversity of the industrial policy is established at the different economic development stages of the country. In the context of economic sanctions against Russia, it is shown that the emergence of a new industrial policy vector is connected to the need for import substitution and concomitant changes in the development model of the domestic economy. The dynamics and characteristics of the industrial development area are shown by the example of a highly developed region like the Central Urals. The total level of organisational innovation activity continues to be low and composes only 12%, although in the manufacturing sector this index is higher than the regional economy index by four absolute percentage points. The industrial policy of the Central Urals is analysed and innovation drivers of the industrial sector of the regional economy are established. The possibilities of the defence, civil engineering, mining, chemical/pharmaceutical and forestry complexes of the Sverdlovsk Region to implement its import substitution policy are explained. The most significant investment projects that will reduce the import dependence of the regional economy are presented. The possibilities of the research sector and created innovation infrastructure of the region in solving this problem are shown. It is necessary to develop the regional laws on the elaboration of industrial policy according to the basic regulations of the Federal Law “On Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation.”This article was prepared with support of the Grant of the Russian Foundation for Humanities No. 14-32-01030

ФОРМУВАННЯ КРАЇНОЗНАВЧОЇ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЇ СТУДЕНТІВ НА ЗАНЯТТЯХ З УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ (ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ) Formation of country competence of students during ukrainian language lessons (for professional purposes)

Статтю присвячено проблемі формування країнознавчої компетенції на заняттях із дисципліни «Українська мова (за професійним спрямуванням)» у немовних вищих навчальних закладах (ВНЗ). Висвітлено зміст поняття «країнознавча компетенція», а також проаналізовано методи та засоби формування вище названої компетенції. (The article covers up the problem of developing regional geography competence in Professionally Oriented Ukrainian Language in class with non-language specialty. The term of regional geography competence has been clarified. The methodology and ways of forming the above-mentioned competence have been analyzed.

Spinning-Down of Moving Magnetars in the Propeller Regime

We use axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the spinning-down of magnetars rotating in the propeller regime and moving supersonically through the interstellar medium. The simulations indicate that magnetars spin-down rapidly due to this interaction, faster than for the case of a non-moving star. From many simulation runs we have derived an approximate scaling laws for the angular momentum loss rate, \dot{L} \propto \~\eta_m^{0.3}\mu^{0.6}\rho^{0.8}{\cal M}^{-0.4} \Omega_*^{1.5}, where \rho is the density of the interstellar medium, \cal M is Mach number, \mu is the star's magnetic moment, \Omega_* is its angular velocity, and \eta_m is magnetic diffusivity. A magnetar with a surface magnetic field of 10^{13} - 10^{15} G is found to spin-down to a period P > 10^5-10^6 s in \sim 10^4 - 10^5 years. There is however uncertainty about the value of the magnetic diffusivity so that the time-scale may be longer. We discuss this model in respect of Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs) and the isolated neutron star candidate RXJ1856.5-3754.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted by MNRAS. See version with better resolution figures and animation at http://astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu/us-rus/propeller.ht

Культура українського мовлення як один із компонентів професійної культури економіста (Ukrainian speech culture as one of the components of the professional economist culture )

У статті проаналізовано особливості процесу формування мовленнєвої культури економіста; вказано на деякі типові порушення норм літературної мови серед студентів, що можуть заважати взаєморозумінню між фахівцями і сформульовано аспекти, на які необхідно звернути увагу, щоб уникнути цих незручностей; запропоновано необхідні засоби для вдосконалення підготовки економіста. (The process of forming an economist’s speech culture has been analyzed in this article and pointed to some breach of the norms of the literary language, among students which can prevent mutual understanding among specialists. The authors foreground the aspects which deserve attention in order to avoid possible inconveniences in communication and suggest essential necessary measures for improving professional training of economists.

Vision of the role of long-term social stress in the formation of "diseases of civilization". mechanisms of adaptation to stressor situations and factors of its failure

Today, the issue of studying the mechanisms of the impact of social stress on public health and its role in the formation of key human diseases is relevant and necessary. A large number of works, both clinical observations and experimental studies, are devoted to this problem. However, despite the high interest in this problem, there are still "white spots". Therefore, the purpose of our study was to analyze modern sources of information that highlight current issues of long-term social stress and its role in the formation of "diseases of civilization." Matherials and methods: analysis of scientific publications from the following databases: Google Scholar, Web of Science, Pub Med, by keywords: rats, social stress, diseases of civilization, neuroendocrine regulation, hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, paravetricular nucleus. Conclusions: Thus, the analysis of resources shows the undoubted role of stress in the formation of human diseases. Many articles are devoted to the description and analysis of the negative effects of environmental factors and peculiarities of living conditions on human health. Most researchers agree on the key role of the hypothalamus in regulating the body's stress response and the presence of morphofunctional changes associated with stress. It is important to note that scientists have paid much attention to the study of individual models of stress, namely pain, immobilization and hypoxic over the past 20 years. Unfortunately, there are few facts concerning the analysis of the influence of long-term negative social factors that do not cause stereotyped reactions, but form latent changes that are inherent in classical stress reactions

Modern ideas about the role of the hypothalamus in the implementation of adaptation programs under stressor loads (references)

The starting point for the prevention of human disease is the study of the vital functions of a healthy organism, taking into account complex effects of external and internal factors. More often in clinical practice, doctors observe patients with advanced pathology, when the body has undergone significant changes, including at the level of systemic regulation (CNS, hypothalamus) and at the level of intercellular signaling and neuro-immune-endocrine interactions. Therefore, the basis of these changes, more often, are insignificant but permanent factors of the external or internal environment, which gradually accumulate and disrupt the functioning of central regulatory systems. The aim of our study was to analyze modern sources of information that highlight current issues of the role of the hypothalamus in the development of adaptation programs during the formation of stressors. Materials and methods: analysis of scientific publications taken from Google Scholar databases, Web of Science, Pub Med by keywords: rats, stress reactions, adaptation, neuroendocrine regulation, neurotransmitters, hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus. Conclusions: Thus, the analysis of scientific sources demonstrated that the main stress studies were devoted to determining the state and role of dominant systems, but there were few facts that had explained the long-term changes of the hypothalamus in regulatory systems. These issues remain unresolved and need to be studied. Introduction. Today, many facts and clinical observations about the complex effects of chronic stress of human body. The National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Veterans Health Administration conducted a large-scale cohort study that had provided evidence of an association between post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular risk, had identified mechanisms that could cause this association, and had assessed prognostic risk, cardiovascular diseases [1]. Moreover, they form a post-stress syndrome, which by itself becomes a pathogenetic mechanism of disease formation. Rebeca Robles-García together with other researchers in 2020 demonstrated that high urbanization could increase the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder due to the concentration of poverty, limited living space, substance use and crime. Women tend to be more disadvantaged socially and economically and are more likely to be victims of collective and domestic violence than men. Accordingly, urban women are more prone to traumatic events that increase the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder than rural women and men in both rural and urban areas, especially those without social and family protection and support [2]. That is, even minor and indistinct stressors that act constantly and can not be overcome by man become an important etiological factor in the formation of a number of diseases

Targeting the principle implementation in the system of social support

Purpose: The article aims to identify the actual problems of implementing the principle of targeting in the social protection system in Russia and to develop a set of measures to transform the mechanism of its provision based on a differentiated approach, which implies not only differences in the size of social transfers, but also on various forms of such support. Design/Methodology/Approach: As the basic approaches of the study there were chosen the theory of social investment and the conception of result-based budgeting. The study suggested the development of a more effective financial support system, the substantiation of a differentiated approach to the organization of a social system based on a single method by determining the degree of financial vulnerability of citizens and the development of methodological recommendations on the use of financial instruments to strengthen the targeting of social protection of needy citizens. Findings: The article substantiates that the necessary condition for the transformation of the social protection system to strengthen the social and financial security of needy citizens is the development of a differentiated approach in the provision of social support measures. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be implemented into the management of social protection in order to improve its efficiency and effectiveness by using the targeting of social transfers based on clear criteria of need, the differentiated approach implementation in determining the measures of social support through the use of "map of social support of citizens", expanding the application of social contract technology. Originality/Value: The set of measures proposed in the study will make it possible not only to adjust and direct social support to really needy recipients and to differentiate the volume of the support provided, but also to create conditions for the recipients of targeted protection to self-sufficiency, which, in turn, will contribute to the poverty reduction.peer-reviewe