A study of the circulation in Bay of Ilha Grande and Bay of Sepetiba: part I. a survey of the circulation based on experimental field data

A discussion of the tidal, wind-driven, and density-driven aspects of the circulation in Bay of Ilha Grande and Bay of Sepetiba (Brazil) based on historical data and hydrographie and current mete'r data collected in September of 1977, is presented in this paper. The data analysis has shewn a remarkable contrast between the circulations of these two adjacent Bays. The circulation in Bay of Sepetiba is strongly tidalwhereas Bay of Ilha Grande has a weak tidal circulation superimposed by a quasi-steady flow induced by density gradients. The stratification is maintained because Bay of Ilha Grande, beeing deeper, allows colder and saltier shelf water to flow eastward towards the fresher and warmer water flowing out of Bay of Sepetiba, highly influencedby river runoff. The velocity and density fields have shown seiche oscillations that agree very well with theoretically derived modes inherent to the local geometry and density stratification

Clinical and pathological prognostic factors involved in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gist) of gastric origin

BACKGROUND: This study wants to identify clinical and pathologic prognostic factors of resected gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with c-Kit positive gastric GIST who underwent surgical resection at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) between 1983 and 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. Prognostic significance of clinical and pathological variables was investigated. The endpoints were overall survival and disease free survival. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 35 months. Five-year estimate survival rate was 53%. Univariate analysis for overall survival identified size 13.5 cm (p=0.01) and recurrence (p=0.03) as prognostic factors. Size 13.5 cm and recurrence were independent factors (p=0.01 and p=0.03 respectively) in multivariate analysis. Univariate analysis for disease free survival identified size 13.5 cm (p=0.04) and grade (p=0.04) as prognostic factors but only size 13.5 cm was an independent factor in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Size 13.5 cm and recurrence were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Only size 13.5 cm was an independent prognostic factor for disease free survival.OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores prognósticos clínicos e anatomopatológicos nos portadores de tumor estromal gastrointestinal (GIST) gástrico submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo realizado no Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), incluindo 29 casos de GIST gástrico c-Kit positivo submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica entre 1983 e 2004. Variáveis clínicas e anatomopatológicas foram investigadas quanto ao significado prognóstico, correlacionando-as com sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de doença. RESULTADOS: O acompanhamento mediano foi de 35 meses. A sobrevida global, estimada em cinco anos, foi de 53%. As variáveis tamanho tumoral maior que 13,5 cm e presença de recidiva tiveram implicação prognóstica na sobrevida global conforme análise univariada (p=0,01 e p=0,03, respectivamente). A análise multivariada evidenciou que tamanho tumoral maior que 13,5 cm e presença de recidiva representaram fatores prognósticos independentes relacionados à sobrevida global (p=0,01 e p=0,03, respectivamente). As características tamanho tumoral maior que 13,5 cm e índice mitótico influenciaram significativamente (p=0,04 e p=0,04) a sobrevida livre de doença (análise univariada), porém apenas tamanho tumoral maior que 13,5 cm apresentou-se como fator prognóstico independente (p=0,04) relacionado à sobrevida livre de doença, quando utilizada a análise multivariada. CONCLUSÕES: O tamanho tumoral e a presença de recidiva representaram fatores prognósticos independentes relacionados à sobrevida global. Apenas o tamanho tumoral apresentou impacto adverso independente na sobrevida livre de doença.INCAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaINCA Seção de Cirurgia Abdômino-PélvicaUFRJINCA Serviço de Anatomia PatológicaUniversidade Gama FilhoHospital dos Servidores do Estado Serviço de Anatomia PatológicaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Comparison of the fracture torque of different Brazilian mini-implants

This study evaluated fracture torque by torsion, in relation to the length and diameter of orthodontic mini-implants, to demonstrate their viability for clinical and experimental use based on the torque recommended by the manufacturers. The fractures at the moment of insertion, whose incidence in the literature is around 4%, are principally due to excessive force and the inability of the implant to resist rotational forces. Thirty orthodontic mini-implants of three commercial brands available in Brazil (Neodent 1.6 x 9 mm, Dentoflex 1.6 x 9 mm and Kopp 1.6 x 9 mm) were attached to a device made specifically for this research, leaving the mini-implants with sufficient stability. The miniimplants were submitted to torsion torque, using a digital torque wrench, until their breaking point. The values obtained with the test were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test. The mean values of mini-implant ruptures were 26 N.cm for group A (Dentoflex), 25.4 N. cm for group B (Kopp) and 32.8 N.cm for group C (Neodent). From the Tukey test we could observe that the relationships between the means of the Dentoflex and Neodent groups, and between the Kopp and Neodent groups, were significant. Between the Dentoflex and Kopp groups, significance was nonexistent. All the values found in our research for fracture torque were higher than the limits recommended by the manufacturers for clinical use in orthodontics. The highest values were found in the Neodent group

Pesquisa de compra de bebidas alcoólicas por adolescentes em duas cidades do Estado de São Paulo

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol use is a public health problem. Commercial availability is an important factor that encourages the use of alcohol by young people. The aim of the study was to assess how often young people under 18 could buy alcohol in shops METHODS: Adolescents from 13 to 17 attempted to purchase alcoholic beverages at a random sample of shops in the cities of Paulinia (n=108) and Diadema (n=426), Southeastern Brazil. The study was conducted from November to December 2003 in Paulínia, and July 2004 to August 2005 in Diadema. They were told not to lie about their ages when asked and to say that the beverage was for themselves. Statistical tests performed were two-tailed and the significance level considered was pOBJETIVO: O consumo de álcool é um problema de saúde pública. A disponibilidade comercial é um importante fator no estímulo ao consumo de álcool por adolescentes. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar com que freqüência menores de 18 anos conseguem comprar bebidas alcoólicas em estabelecimentos comerciais. MÉTODOS: Adolescentes com idades entre 13 e 17 anos tentaram comprar bebidas alcoólicas em uma amostra aleatória de estabelecimentos comerciais em Paulínia (N=108) e Diadema (N=426), no Estado de São Paulo. O estudo foi realizado em novembro e dezembro de 2003 em Paulínia e de julho de 2004 a agosto de 2005 em Diadema. Eles foram orientados a não mentir sobre sua idade quando questionados e a dizer que a bebida era para consumo próprio. Os testes estatísticos realizados foram bi-caudais e o nível de significância considerado foi de

The Hertel classification can't predict the risk of humeral head osteonecrosis after osteosynthesis using an anterolateral approach

Background: Proximal humeral fractures can progress to osteonecrosis of the humeral head. Hertel developed a binary classification system (12 subtypes) and demonstrated that some patterns have more risk to develop osteonecrosis. Hertel described the prevalence and the risk factors for Humeral head osteonecrosis after osteosynthesis using a Deltopectoral approach. Few studies have evaluated the prevalence and the capacity of Hertel's classification to predict Humeral Head osteonecrosis following osteosynthesis of proximal Humeral fractures through the anterolateral approach. The objectives of this study were to correlate osteonecrosis predictors established by the Hertel classification with the risk of developing osteonecrosis and its prevalence after osteosynthesis using the anterolateral approach. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent osteosynthesis of proximal humerus fractures using an anterolateral approach. Patients were divided into two groups: high risk for necrosis (group 1) and low risk for necrosis (group 2) according to Hertel's criteria. The overall prevalence of osteonecrosis and the prevalence in each group were calculated. A radiological examination was performed in the true anteroposterior (Grashey), scapular, and axillary views, before and after the operation (minimum 1 year after surgery). A Kaplan-Meier curve was used to assess the pattern of the temporal evolution of osteonecrosis. The groups were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The unpaired t-test (parametric variables – age) and the Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric time between trauma and surgery) were used. Results: In total, 39 patients were evaluated. The postoperative follow-up time was 14.5 ± 3.3 months. The time to onset of necrosis was 14.1 ± 3.9 months. Sex, age, and time between trauma and surgery did not influence the risk of necrosis. Type 2, 9, 10, 11, and 12, or fractures with posteromedial head extension less than or equal to 8 mm, or diaphysis deviation greater than 2 mm, as well as grouping did not influence the risk for osteonecrosis. Conclusions: Hertel's criteria were not able to predict the development of osteonecrosis after osteosynthesis of proximal humerus fractures performed through the anterolateral approach. The total prevalence of osteonecrosis was 17.9% with a tendency toward an increased incidence after 1 year of surgical treatment

Corrente do Brasil: estrutura térmica entre 19º e 25ºS e circulação geostrófica

In April 1982, an océanographie investigation was conducted off the Brazilian coast in order to obtain the spatial characteristics of the thermal structure and to locate the Brazil Current flow both north and south of the seamount chain at 20º30'S. Dining the survey, remote sensing satellite data were also obtained on several occasions to assist in the delineation of the surface thermal structure. A 23ºC thermostad was observed along most sections. Along sections with stronger baroclinic signatures, such as the one in Cabo Frio, the thermostad seems to be pinched off somewhat similar to the pinching off the 18ºC water in the Gulf Stream North wall. The current structure and volume transports, relative to the 500 dbar isobaric surface, were calculated using both hydrographie station data and the closely spaced XBT measurements. A comparison of these results, for the data observed along the section of Cabo Frio, indicates that some details of the geostrophic currents are lost when the hydrographie data are used; the corresponding volume transports agree within 17% (33 Sv using hydrographie data against 2.8 Sv using XBT data). A volume transport budget, obtained through the transport computation along all sections between 19º and 22ºS, indicates that the Brazil Current appears to flow through the passage between the most inshore banks and not to the east. The net volume transport (2.9 Sv) is in close agreement with the Cabo Frio section volume transport, where the total flow of the Brazil Current was supposedly bracketed by the station sampling.Para obter informações sobre a variação espacial da estrutura térmica e localizar a Corrente do Brasil, ao norte e ao sul dos bancos submarinos localizados a 20º30'S realizou-se, em abril de 1982, um levantamento oceanográfico nessa região. Dados de sensoriamento remoto foram também obtidos durante os trabalhos experimentais para um delineamento sinótico da estrutura térmica de superficie. Observou-se, ao longo da maioria das secções, um "thermostad" de 23ºC na termoclina principal. Ao longo das secções com intenso sinal baroclfnico, tal como na secção ao largo de Cabo Frio, o "thermostad" atenua-se e finalmente desaparece nas proximidades da costa, de forma semelhante ao desaparecimento da água de 18ºC na parede norte da Corrente do Golfo. A estrutura da corrente e o transporte de volume, relativos à superfície isobárica de 500 dbar, foram obtidos usando-se os dados hidrográficos e também as medidas com XBX as quais foram realizadas com espaçamentos muito menores do que o das estações hidrográficas. A comparação desses resultados, para o conjunto de observações conduzidas ao largo de Cabo Frio, indica que detalhes da corrente geostrófica não são delineados quando da utilização dos dados hidrográficos; os correspondentes valores do transporte de volume diferem em aproximadamente 17% (33 e 2,8 Sv, calculados com dados hidrográficos'e de XBX respectivamente). O balanço do transporte de volume, através de todas as secções entre 19 e 22º5, indica que a Corrente do Brasil flui através da passagem entre os bancos localizados mais próximos da costa. O transporte de volume resultante (2,9 Sv) é muito próximo do valor obtido através da secção ao largo de Cabo Frio, onde supõe-se que a extensão transversal da Corrente do Brasil foi delimitada pelo conjunto de observações

Guidelines of the Brazilian Association of Studies on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ABEAD) for diagnoses and treatment of psychiatric comorbidity with alcohol and other drugs dependence

Recently, several studies have focused on comorbity psychiatric disorders with alcohol and other substance dependence. The Brazilian Association of Studies on Alcohol and Other Drugs proposed the Brazilian Guidelines project. This study review diagnostic and therapeutic criteria to the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities. Randomized clinical trials, epidemiological, animal studies and other forms of research are reviewed. The main psychiatric comorbidities are studied based on guidelines adopted by other countries and the literature data resumed. Epidemiological aspects, diagnoses, integrated treatment and service organization, as well as specific psychotherapic and pharmacological treatment are discussed. The Brazilian Association of Studies on Alcohol and Other Drugs Guidelines reassures the importance of adequate diagnoses and treatment regarding alcoholic and drug dependent patients suffering of comorbid psychiatric disorders.O diagnóstico e tratamento de comorbidade psiquiátrica e dependência de álcool e outras substâncias tem sido objeto de inúmeros estudos nos últimos anos. A Associação Brasileira de Estudos do Álcool e Outras Drogas desenvolveu o projeto Diretrizes. Este trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de critérios diagnósticos e terapêuticos atualizados para as comorbidades psiquiátricas mais prevalentes. Ensaios clínicos randomizados, estudos epidemiológicos, com animais e outros estudos são revisados. As principais comorbidades psiquiátricas são estudadas e os dados de literatura resumidos, tendo como referência diretrizes adotadas em outros países. São abordados aspectos epidemiológicos, critérios diagnósticos, tratamento integrado e organização de serviço especializado, assim como especificidades do tratamento psicoterápico e farmacológico. As Diretrizes da Associação Brasileira de Estudos do Álcool e Outras Drogas reforçam a importância da abordagem adequada do dependente químico portador de comorbidade psiquiátrica.Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Núcleo de PsiquiatriaInstituto de Psiquiatria de Santa CatarinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasSanta Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Unidade de Álcool e DrogasUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das ClinicasCentro de Atendimento Médico e SocialHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSanta Casa do Rio de Janeiro Setor de Dependência QuímicaUniversidade Gama FilhoUNIFESP, Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasSciEL

Flow cytometry immunophenotyping for diagnostic orientation and classification of pediatric cancer based on the euroflow solid tumor orientation tube (Stot)

© 2021 by the authors.Early diagnosis of pediatric cancer is key for adequate patient management and improved outcome. Although multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has proven of great utility in the diagnosis and classification of hematologic malignancies, its application to non-hematopoietic pediatric tumors remains limited. Here we designed and prospectively validated a new single eight-color antibody combination—solid tumor orientation tube, STOT—for diagnostic screening of pediatric cancer by MFC. A total of 476 samples (139 tumor mass, 138 bone marrow, 86 lymph node, 58 peripheral blood, and 55 other body fluid samples) from 296 patients with diagnostic suspicion of pediatric cancer were analyzed by MFC vs. conventional diagnostic procedures. STOT was designed after several design–test–evaluate–redesign cycles based on a large panel of monoclonal antibody combinations tested on 301 samples. In its final version, STOT consists of a single 8-color/12-marker antibody combination (CD99-CD8/numyogenin/CD4-EpCAM/CD56/GD2/smCD3-CD19/cyCD3-CD271/CD45). Prospective validation of STOT in 149 samples showed concordant results with the patient WHO/ICCC-3 diagnosis in 138/149 cases (92.6%). These included: 63/63 (100%) reactive/disease-free samples, 43/44 (98%) malignant and 4/4 (100%) benign non-hematopoietic tumors together with 28/38 (74%) leukemia/lymphoma cases; the only exception was Hodgkin lymphoma that required additional markers to be stained. In addition, STOT allowed accurate discrimination among the four most common subtypes of malignant CD45− CD56++ non-hematopoietic solid tumors: 13/13 (GD2++ numyogenin− CD271−/+ nuMyoD1− CD99− EpCAM−) neuroblastoma samples, 5/5 (GD2− numyogenin++ CD271++ nuMyoD1++ CD99−/+ EpCAM−) rhabdomyosarcomas, 2/2 (GD2−/+ numyogenin− CD271+ nuMyoD1− CD99+ EpCAM−) Ewing sarcoma family of tumors, and 7/7 (GD2− numyogenin− CD271+ nuMyoD1− CD99− EpCAM+) Wilms tumors. In summary, here we designed and validated a new standardized antibody combination and MFC assay for diagnostic screening of pediatric solid tumors that might contribute to fast and accurate diagnostic orientation and classification of pediatric cancer in routine clinical practice.This research was funded by the EuroFlow Consortium; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FAPERJ), numbers: E26/110.105/2014, E-26/010.101259/2018, and E26/102.191/2013; grant from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brasília, Brazil (CNPQ), Brasília, Brazil, numbers: 303765/2018-6, 409440/2016-7, and 400194/2014-7; and Instituto Desiderata/Chevron, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, grant “Actions to improve pediatric cancer assistance in RJ”; the EuroFlow Consortium (grant LSHB-CT-2006-018708); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain and FONDOS FEDER), numbers: CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480; grant from Bilateral Cooperation Program between Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES (Brasília/Brazil) and Dirección General de Políticas Universitárias (DGPU)-Ministério de Educación, Cultura y Deportes (Madrid/Spain) number DGPU 311/15