392 research outputs found
EFSUMB Recommendations and Guidelines for Gastrointestinal Ultrasound - Part 1: Examination Techniques and Normal Findings (Long version).
Abstract
▼
In October 2014 the European Federation of Societies
for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology formed
a Gastrointestinal Ultrasound (GIUS) task force
group to promote the use of GIUS in a clinical setting.
One of the main objectives of the task force
group was to develop clinical recommendations
and guidelines for the use of GIUS under the auspices
of EFSUMB. The first part, gives an overview of
the examination techniques for GIUS recommended
by experts in the field. It also presents the
current evidence for the interpretation of normal
sonoanatomical and physiological features as examined
with different ultrasound modalities
EFSUMB Recommendations and Guidelines for Gastrointestinal Ultrasound - Part 1: Examination Techniques and Normal Findings (Short version)
Abstract
▼
In October 2014 the European Federation of Societies
for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology formed
a Gastrointestinal Ultrasound (GIUS) task force
group to promote the use of GIUS in a clinical setting.
One of the main objectives of the task force
group was to develop clinical recommendations
and guidelines for the use of GIUS under the auspices
of EFSUMB. The first part, gives an overview of
the examination techniques for GIUS recommended
by experts in the field. It also presents the
current evidence for the interpretation of normal
sonoanatomical and physiological features as examined
with different ultrasound modalities
High resolution measurements of carbon monoxide along a late Holocene Greenland ice core: evidence for in situ production
We present high-resolution measurements of carbon monoxide (CO)
concentrations from a shallow ice core of the North Greenland Eemian Ice
Drilling project (NEEM-2011-S1). An optical-feedback cavity-enhanced
absorption spectrometer (OF-CEAS) coupled to a continuous melter system
performed continuous, online analysis during a four-week measurement campaign.
This analytical setup generated stable measurements of CO concentrations
with an external precision of 7.8 ppbv (1σ), based on repeated
analyses of equivalent ice core sections. However, this first application of
this measurement technique suffered from a poorly constrained procedural
blank of 48 ± 25 ppbv and poor accuracy because an absolute
calibration was not possible. The NEEM-2011-S1 CO record spans 1800 yr and
the long-term trends within the most recent section of this record
(i.e., post 1700 AD) resemble the existing discrete CO measurements from the
Eurocore ice core. However, the CO concentration is highly variable (75–1327 ppbv
range) throughout the ice core with high frequency (annual scale), high
amplitude spikes characterizing the record. These CO signals are too abrupt
and rapid to reflect atmospheric variability and their prevalence largely
prevents interpretation of the record in terms of atmospheric CO variation.
The abrupt CO spikes are likely the result of in situ production occurring
within the ice itself, although the unlikely possibility of CO production
driven by non-photolytic, fast kinetic processes within the continuous
melter system cannot be excluded. We observe that 68% of the CO spikes
are observed in ice layers enriched with pyrogenic aerosols. Such aerosols,
originating from boreal biomass burning emissions, contain organic
compounds, which may be oxidized or photodissociated to produce CO within
the ice. However, the NEEM-2011-S1 record displays an increase of
~0.05 ppbv yr<sup>−1</sup> in baseline CO level prior to 1700 AD (129 m
depth) and the concentration remains elevated, even for ice layers depleted
in dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Thus, the processes driving the likely
in situ production of CO within the NEEM ice may involve multiple, complex
chemical pathways not all related to past fire history and require further investigation
Effect of transportation duration of 1-day-old chicks on postplacement production performances and pododermatitis of broilers up to slaughter age
This experiment studied the effect of transportation duration of 1-d-old chicks on dehydration, mortality, production performance, and pododermatitis during the growout period. Eggs from the same breeder flock (Ross PM3) were collected at 35, 45, and 56 wk of age, for 3 successive identical experiments. In each experiment, newly hatched chicks received 1 of 3 transportation duration treatments from the hatchery before placement in the on-site rearing facility: no transportation corresponding to direct placement in less than 5 min (T00), or 4 (T04) or 10 h (T10) of transportation. The chicks were housed in 35-m2 pens (650 birds each) and reared until 35 d old. Hematocrit and chick BW were measured on sample chicks before and after transportation. During the growout period, bird weight, feed uptake, and feed conversion ratio were measured weekly until slaughter. Transportation duration affected BW; T00 groups had a significantly higher BW than T04 and T10 transported birds but this effect lasted only until d 21. No clear effect on hematocrit, feed uptake, feed conversion ratio, or mortality was observed for birds transported up to 10 h. The decrease in weight in T10 birds was associated with less severe pododermatitis. Increasing age of the breeder flock was correlated with reduced egg fertility and hatchability, and also with higher quality and BW of hatched chicks. Chicks from older breeders also exhibited reduced mortality during the growout period
Produção de óleo essencial de folhas e cascas de Drimys brasiliensis Miers (cascad'anta).
Introdução: Drimys brasiliensis Miers, conhecida popularmente como cataia ou casca-d'anta, é uma árvore nativa da Mata Atlântica de grande importância fitoterápica. As folhas e cascas da espécie são utilizadas na medicina popular com ação estimulante, antiespasmódica, antidiarreica, antifebril, antibacteriana, no tratamento de asma, bronquite e em certas afecções do trato digestivo. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da época de coleta no teor e composição química do óleo essencial de folhas e cascas de D. brasiliensis. Métodos: O material vegetal foi coletado em área nativa, a partir de 15 indivíduos em duas épocas distintas, verão e inverno de 2016. Folhas e cascas foram submetidas à hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo Clevenger durante 4 horas e o teor de óleo essencial foi determinado pesando o óleo extraído e levando em consideração o peso de massa seca, sendo expresso em peso de óleo por peso de material vegetal em Base Livre de Umidade (% p/p BLU). A identificação e quantificação dos constituintes químicos foram realizadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas. Os dados referentes ao teor do óleo essencial foram submetidos ao teste t de Student. Resultados: Não houve influência da época de coleta no teor do óleo essencial de folhas e cascas de D. brasiliensis, porém o teor do óleo de folhas (1,09 a 1,39 %) foi significativamente superior ao de cascas (0,14 a 0,15 %), sendo a composição química dos óleos muito semelhantes. Foram identificados 62 compostos químicos nos óleos essenciais de D. brasiliensis, com predominância de monoterpenos. O constituinte majoritário observado foi o ?-pineno tanto em folhas (17,73 a 18,44 %) quanto em cascas (60,12 a 60,39 %). Conclusão: O teor dos óleos essenciais de folhas é altamente superior ao teor dos óleos de cascas, sendo a composição química dos óleos muito semelhantes, sugerindo-se a utilização de folhas em substituição às cascas
Longitudinal Association between Late-Life Depression (LLD) and Frailty:Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study (MiMiCS-FRAIL)
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether late-life depression (LLD) is associated with incident frailty over time. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study, one-year follow-up. SETTING: Geriatric outpatient clinic, Southwestern of Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 181 follow-up participants aged 60 years or over. MEASUREMENTS: Depressive disorders were classified as Major Depressive disorder (MDD) or Subthreshold Depression (STD) according to DSM-5 criteria. Depressive symptoms were assessed with validated versions of 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We performed binary logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for frailty in LLD adjusting for multiple confounders. Participants who were frail at baseline were excluded from the analyses according to measures of frailty (FRAIL questionnaire and 36-item Frailty Index, FI-36). We also estimated the risk ratio or relative risk (RR) and the risk difference (RD) for incident frailty. RESULTS: We observed a 2 to 4-fold increased risk for incident frailty among participants with LLD. The presence of a depressive disorder was significantly associated with the onset of frailty (adjusted OR for FRAIL and FI-36: 3.07 [95% CI = 1.03 - 9.17] and 3.76 [95% CI = 1.09 - 12.97], respectively. Notably, the risk for frailty due to LLD was significantly higher with the FI-36 compared to the FRAIL (RR: 3.03 versus 2.23). RD was of 17.3% and 12.7% with the FRAIL and the FI-36, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data support the association between LLD and incident frailty over one year among geriatric outpatients, reinforcing longitudinal evidence from population-based studies
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