Triaxialité et isomèrisme à hauts spins dans les noyaux proches de la fermeture de couche N = 82

L'existence de noyaux triaxiaux a fait l'objet d'un débat de longue date. La possibilité de la triaxialité mole et rigide a été proposée très tôt, et de nombreuses études théoriques et expérimentales ont été consacrées à ce phénomène intrigant. Plus récemment, deux marqueurs uniques de la triaxialité dans les noyaux ont été intensivement étudiés : le mouvement d'oscillation de l'axe de rotation (wobbling) et la chiralité dynamique. Ces types exotiques de mouvement ont été observées dans des régions spécifiques du tableau nucléaire : le mouvement d'oscillation dans les noyaux de Lu impair-pair avec A ~ 160, la chiralité principalement dans les noyaux impair-impair et pair-impair avec A ~ 130. Nous avons récemment étudié les noyaux de Nd à très hauts spins et identifié plusieurs bandes, qui ont été interprétées comme la manifestation de divers types de mouvement collectif : rotation suivant un axe incliné, rotation suivant les axes longs et courts, mouvement de wobbling et bandes chirales. Un autre phénomène révélé par nos résultats récents sur les noyaux de Nd avec seulement quelques trous neutroniques par rapport à la fermeture de couche N = 82, est la coexistence de forme. En effet, ces noyaux sont prévus pour avoir des isomères de hauts spins construis sur une forme sphérique, coexistant avec des bandes triaxiales, ou des formes très voire super-déformées . Ma thèse se compose de deux expériences. Tout d'abord, j'ai préparé, exécuté et analysé une expérience réalisée au Research Center of Nuclear Physics (RCNP) de l' Université d'Osaka . Cette expérience visait à étudier les isomères de hauts spins et à développer les schémas de niveaux des noyaux de 135La, 136La et 136Ba. Nous avons utilisé un faisceau radioactif de 17N de 80 MeV créé par la réaction directe de 18O sur une cible 9Be et sélectionné à l'aide d'un spectromètre achromatique. Le faisceau radioactif de 17N bombardait une cible de 124Sn de 20 mg/cm2 d'épaisseur pour produire les noyaux d'intérêt par une réaction de fusion-évaporation. Cette thèse présente les résultats obtenus pour le 135La, qui comprennent la construction et la discussion du schéma de niveau et la mesure de la durée de vie de deux isomères connus. La deuxième partie de la thèse consiste en l'analyse de deux expériences différentes réalisée en utilisant la même combinaison de faisceau-cible 48Ca + 96Zr à une énergie légèrement différentes et deux dispositifs expérimentaux différents, EUROBALL et JUROGAM II + RITU + GREAT, pour étudier les isotopes du néodyme de 138Nd à 141Nd. Mon travail a été axé sur les noyaux pair-pair de 138Nd et 140Nd, avec un accent particulier sur le 140Nd. La multitude de bandes de spin élevé observées dans ce noyau sont discutées dans le cadre du modèle Cranked Nilsson - Strutinsky (CNS) et du modèle Tilted Axis Cranking (TAC). Les bandes de hauts spins observées dans les noyaux de 138-141Nd sont toutes interprétées comme basées sur un minimum d'énergie associé à une déformation triaxiale. Elles représentent donc un fort soutien à l'existence de la forme nucléaire triaxiale stable à hauts spins. L'isomère de haut spin 27 a également été identifié dans le 140Nd qui, combinée avec l'isomère 20+ précédemment connu dans le même noyau va permettre d'extraire pour la première fois une valeur expérimentale de la différence d'énergie entre les orbitales ph11/2 et p(d5/2g7/2) à hauts spins.The existence of triaxial nuclei has been the subject of a long standing debate. The possibility of soft and rigid triaxiality has been proposed very early, and many theoretical and experimental studies have been devoted to this intriguing phenomenon since then. More recently two unique fingerprints of triaxiality in nuclei have been intensively studied : the wobbling motion and the dynamic chirality. These exotic types of motion were observed in specific regions of the nuclear chart : the wobbling motion in the odd-even Lu nuclei with A 160, the chirality primarily in the odd-odd and odd-even nuclei with A 130 nuclei. We have recently studied the Nd nuclei up to very high spins and identified several bands, which were interpreted as the manifestation of various types of collective motion : tilted axis rotation, principal axis rotation along the short and long axes, wobbling motion and chiral bands. Another phenomenon revealed by our recent results on the Nd nuclei with neutron numbers just below the N=82 shell closure, is the shape coexistence. In fact, these nuclei are predicted to have high-spin seniority isomers built on a spherical shape, coexisting with bands built on either triaxial, highly or even superdeformed shapes.My PhD consists of two experiments. Firstly I have prepared, performed and analysed an experiment realized at the Research Center of Nuclear Physics (RCNP) of the Osaka University. This experiment was performed to study the isomeric states and to develop the level schemes of the 135La, 136La and 136Ba nuclei. We have used a radioactive 17N beam of 80 MeV created by the stripping reaction of 18O on a 9Be target and selected using an achromatic spectrometer. The 17N radioactive beam bombarded a 20 mg/cm2 124Sn target to produce the nuclei of interest by a fusion-evaporation reaction. The present thesis presents the results obtained for 135La, which include the construction and discussion of the level scheme and the measurement of the lifetime of two known isomers. The second part of the thesis consists in the analysis of two different experiments performed using the same beam-target combination 48Ca + 96Zr at slightly different beam energies and two different settups, EUROBALL and JUROGAM II + RITU + GREAT, to study the neodymium isotopes from 138Nd to 141Nd. My work was focused on the even-even 138Nd and 140Nd nuclei, with special emphasis on 140Nd, which is discussed in the present thesis. The multitude of high-spin bands observed in this nucleus are discussed in the framework of Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) and Tilted Axis Cranking (TAC) models. The observed high-spin bands in 138 141Nd which are consistently interpreted as based on an energy minimum at triaxial deformation, represent a strong support for the existence of stable triaxial nuclear shapes at high spins. A 27 high-spin isomer has also been identified in 140Nd, which combined with the previous known 20+ isomer in the same nucleus allow to extract for the first time an experimental value for the energy difference between the ph11/2 and p(d5/2g7/2) orbitals at high spins.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Trends in computerized provider order entry: 20-year bibliometric overview

BackgroundDrug-related problems (DRPs) can lead to serious health issues and have significant economic impacts on healthcare systems. One solution to address this issue is the use of computerized physician order entry systems (CPOE), which can help prevent DRPs by reducing the risk of medication errors.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to provide an analysis on scientific production of the past 20 years in order to describe trends in academic publishing on CPOE and to identify the major topics as well as the predominant actors (journals, countries) involved in this field.MethodsA PubMed search was carried out to extract articles related to computerized provider order entry during the period January 1st 2003– December 31st 2022 using a specific query. Data were downloaded from PubMed in Extensible Markup Language (XML) and were processed through a dedicated parser.ResultsA total of 2,946 articles were retrieved among 623 journals. One third of these articles were published in eight journals. Publications grew strongly from 2002 to 2006, with a dip in 2008 followed by an increase again in 2009. After 2009, there follows a decreasing until 2022.The most producing countries are the USA with 51.39% of the publication over the period by France (3.80%), and Canada (3.77%). About disciplines, the top 3 is: “medical informatics” (21.62% of articles), “pharmacy” (19.04%), and “pediatrics” (6.56%).DiscussionThis study provides an overview of publication trends related to CPOE, which exhibited a significant increase in the first decade of the 21st century followed by a decline after 2009. Possible reasons for this decline include the emergence of digital health tools beyond CPOE, as well as healthcare professionals experiencing alert fatigue of the current system.ConclusionFuture research should focus on analyzing publication trends in the field of medical informatics and decision-making tools to identify other areas of interest that may have surpassed the development of CPOE

Assisting Data Retrieval with a Drug Knowledge Graph

International audienceThe Normandy health data warehouse EDSaN integrates the medication orders from the University Hospital of Rouen (France). This study aims at describing the design and the evaluation of an information retrieval system founded on a complex and semantically augmented knowledge graph dedicated to EDSaN drugs’ prescriptions. The system is intended to help the selection of drugs in the search process by health professionals. The manual evaluation of the relevance of the returned drugs showed encouraging results as expected. A deeper analysis in order to improve the ranking method is needed and will be performed in a future work

Influence of adhesive thickness on the behaviour of bonded assemblies under shear loadings using a modified TAST fixture

WOSInternational audienceThis paper presents contributions of numerical modelling for the analysis of adhesively bonded assemblies for marine applications. Such applications are often characterised by relatively thick, 0.5 mm or more, adhesive joints and by a possible variability of the bond line thickness associated with large-scale structures manufactured in boatyard environment. Experimental and numerical analysis in the case of shear tests are proposed to study the influence of bond line thickness on the mechanical behaviour of the adhesive. In order to accurately analyse the complete non-linear behaviour of an adhesive in an assembly, specimens with low edge effects have to be used. An increase in the thickness of the bond line leads to an increase in the influence of the edge effects, computed under elastic assumption. As those numerical results are not able to completely analyse all the experimental observations, various 2D simulations, with refined meshes, taking into account the non-linear behaviour of the adhesive are proposed to complete the analysis. Even for bonded assemblies with low edge effects, computed under elastic assumptions, the analysis of the stress distribution throughout the thickness of the joint, taking into account the non-linear behaviour of the adhesive underlines that an increase in the bond line thickness leads to an increase in equivalent plastic deformation close to the free edges. This property can explain that an increase in the bond line thickness can lead to a reduction in the transmitted load associated to crack initiation

ABiMed: Towards an innovative clinical decision support system for medication reviews and polypharmacy management

International audiencePolypharmacy in elderly is a public health problem with both clinical (increase of adverse drug events) and economic issues. One solution is medication review, a structured assessment of patients' drug orders by the pharmacist for optimizing the therapy. However, this task is tedious, cognitively complex and errorprone, and only a few clinical decision support systems have been proposed for supporting it. Existing systems are either rule-based systems implementing guidelines, or documentary systems presenting drug knowledge. In this paper, we present the ABiMed research project, and, through literature reviews and brainstorming, we identified five candidate innovations for a decision support system for medication review: patient data transfer from GP to pharmacists, use of semantic technologies, association of rule-based and documentary approaches, use of machine learning, and a two-way discussion between pharmacist and GP after the medication review

ABiMed : Towards an Innovative Clinical Decision Support System for Medication Reviews and Polypharmacy Management

International audiencePolypharmacy in elderly is a public health problem with both clinical (increase of adverse drug events) and economic issues. One solution is medication review, a structured assessment of patients’ drug orders by the pharmacist for optimizing the therapy. However, this task is tedious, cognitively complex and error-prone, and only a few clinical decision support systems have been proposed for supporting it. Existing systems are either rule-based systems implementing guidelines, or documentary systems presenting drug knowledge. In this paper, we present the ABiMed research project, and, through literature reviews and brainstorming, we identified five candidate innovations for a decision support system for medication review: patient data transfer from GP to pharmacists, use of semantic technologies, association of rule-based and documentary approaches, use of machine learning, and a two-way discussion between pharmacist and GP after the medication review