Influência da inclusão do subproduto da casca de noz-pecã em dietas de suínos: desempenho, características de carcaça e peso de órgãos viscerais

Ten pigs (65.55 kg IBW) were used in a 42-d trial to evaluate the influence of partial replacement of corn with pecan shelling by-product (PSB) on performance, carcass characteristics and visceral organ weights in finishing pigs. Dietary treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 0 or 10% PSB, where PSB replaced 0 or 13% of corn (as-fed basis) in two-phase feeding program. There was not difference on average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency between dietary treatments in both feeding phases. Fecal score as a measure of intestinal activity was not different between dietary treatments, except for the browner feces produced from pigs fed on PSB supplemented diets. No differences on carcass yield and visceral organ weights were observed between dietary treatments, however pig fed on PSB had lower backfat depth. Pecan shelling by-product supplementation into a corn-soybean meal-based diet at 10% inclusion level does not seem to have a negative effect on performance and carcass characteristics. Including PSB into feeding formulations for backyard swine production marginally reduces feeding cost and improves circular economy at local level.Se utilizaron diez cerdos (65.55 kg PV inicial) en una prueba de 42 días para evaluar la influencia del reemplazo parcial de grano de maíz por polvillo de nuez pecan (PSB) sobre el comportamiento productivo, características de la canal y peso de las vísceras in cerdos en finalización. Los tratamientos consistieron en dietas a base de grano de maíz-pasta de soya conteniendo 0 ó 10% de PSB, donde PSB reemplazó 0 ó 13% de grano de maíz (base tal como se ofrece) en un programa de alimentación en dos fases. No hubo diferencias en el consumo diario de alimento, ganancia diaria de peso, y eficiencia alimenticia entre tratamientos en ambas fases de alimentación. La actividad intestinal no fue afectada por el consumo de PSB evaluada por la calificación de las heces, sin embargo, los cerdos alimentados con dietas suplementadas con PSB produjeron heces más obscuras. No se observaron diferencias en el rendimiento en canal y peso de vísceras entre tratamientos, sin embargo, los cerdos alimentados con las dietas con PSB tuvieron menor espesor de la grasa dorsal. La suplementación de PSB a las dietas a base de grano de maíz- pasta de soya a un nivel de 10% parece no tener efectos negativos en el comportamiento productivo y características de la canal. La inclusión de PSB en la formulación de raciones para cerdos de traspatio reduce el costo de la dieta de manera marginal, así como mejora la economia circular a nivel local.Dez suínos (65,55 kg IBW) foram utilizados em um experimento de 42 dias para avaliar a influência da substituição parcial de milho por subproduto da casca de noz-pecã (PSB) no desempenho, características de carcaça e peso de órgãos viscerais em suínos em terminação. Os tratamentos dietéticos consistiram em dieta à base de milho e farelo de soja contendo 0 ou 10% de PSB, onde o PSB substituiu 0 ou 13% de milho (na base da ração) em um programa de alimentação de duas fases. Não houve diferença no consumo médio diário de ração, ganho médio diário e eficiência alimentar entre os tratamentos dietéticos em ambas as fases de alimentação. O escore fecal como medida da atividade intestinal não foi diferente entre os tratamentos dietéticos, exceto para as fezes mais acastanhadas produzidas por suínos alimentados com dietas suplementadas com PSB. Não foram observadas diferenças no rendimento de carcaça e nos pesos dos órgãos viscerais entre os tratamentos dietéticos, porém os suínos alimentados com PSB apresentaram menor profundidade de toucinho. A suplementação do subproduto da casca de noz-pecã em uma dieta à base de milho e farelo de soja com nível de inclusão de 10% não parece ter efeito negativo sobre o desempenho e as características da carcaça. A inclusão de PSB em formulações de rações para produção de suínos de quintal reduz marginalmente o custo de alimentação e melhora a economia circular em nível local

Estudo Comparativo Da Evapotranspiração De Referência Entre Localidades No Estado De São Paulo E Na Província De Habana

FAO proposed the reference evapotranspiration to compare evapotranspiration in different areas, because most equations employed in estimating evapotranspiration are empirical and limited to be used in local and climates similar to those in which they were determined. The objective of this study was to analyze the difference in calculated values of ETo for Botucatu and Piracicaba (Brazil) and Güira Melena (Cuba), based on 30-year data. Seasonal differences between years and locations were assessed and subsequently the influence of local climates on these ETo values differences. Climatic elements maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin), relative humidity (RH), wind speed at 2 m height (U2) and solar radiation (n) were obtained from conventional meteorological stations. Evapotranspiration values in Cuba were higher during summer months in the Northern Hemisphere. The highest evapotranspiration values in Botucatu and Piracicaba occurred in summer months in the Southern Hemisphere. Correlation exists between the three locations with the same distance between them. It was concluded from the methodology used that the three localities have different evapotranspiration values and despite being in different hemispheres the evapotranspiration among Piracicaba and Güira Melena are closer than the one verified between Botucatu and Piracicaba. © 2016, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP. All rights reserved.21238439

Pó de noz-pecã como ingrediente alternativo na dieta de poedeiras: desempenho produtivo e cor da gema

One hundred and twenty laying hens were used in a six-week trial to evaluate the influence of partial replacement of feed with pecan shelling by-product (PNP) on performance and egg yolk color. Treatments consisted of feed for laying hens containing 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, or 7.5% of PNP (as fed basis). Partial replacement of feed with increasing levels of PNP did not affect (P>0.10) performance or egg yolk color. It is concluded that partial replacement of feed with PNP could marginally reduce feed cost and improve local feedstock utilization without affecting animal performance and egg quality.Se utilizaron 120 gallinas de postura en una prueba de seis semanas para evaluar la influencia de la sustitución parcial del alimento convencional con polvillo de nuez pecan (PNP) sobre el comportamiento productivo y color de yema. Las dietas consistieron en alimento convencional para gallina de postura conteniendo 0%, 2.5%, 5.0% ó 7.5% de PNP (base tal como se ofrece). El reemplazo parcial de alimento para gallina con incrementos en el nivel de PNP no afectó (P>0.10) el comportamiento productivo de las aves o la coloración de la yema de huevo. Se concluye que el reemplazo parcial de alimento por PNP pudiera reducir el costo de la alimentación marginalmente y mejorar la utilización de subproductos locales sin alterar el comportamiento productivo y la calidad del huevo.Foram utilizadas 120 galinhas poedeiras em um experimento de seis semanas para avaliar a influência da substituição parcial da ração convencional por pó de noz-pecã (PNP) no desempenho produtivo e na cor da gema. As dietas consistiram de ração convencional para galinhas poedeiras contendo 0%, 2,5%, 5,0% ou 7,5% de PNP (conforme a base fornecida). A substituição parcial da ração das galinhas com aumento do nível de PNP não afetou (P>0,10) o desempenho produtivo das aves nem a coloração da gema do ovo. Conclui-se que a substituição parcial da ração pelo PNP poderia reduzir marginalmente o custo da ração e melhorar o aproveitamento dos subprodutos locais sem alterar o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade do ovo

Exploring Microbial Rhizosphere Communities in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Apple Trees Using Amplicon Sequencing and Shotgun Metagenomics

The rhizosphere is a dynamic and highly interactive habitat where diverse microbial communities are established, and it plays crucial roles in plant health and disease dynamics. In this study, microbial communities and functional profiles in the rhizosphere of both asymptomatic and symptomatic apple trees were investigated through amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. The research was conducted at a location in the municipality of Cuauhtemoc, Chihuahua State, Mexico, and a total of 22 samples were collected, comprising 12 for amplicon sequencing and 10 for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Symptomatic trees were identified based on reddish branches and internal necrosis in the trunk and root, while asymptomatic trees exhibited a healthy physiology. The findings showed that the dominant bacterial phyla included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, with prevalent genera such as Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Rhodanobacter. The fungal communities featured Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota, which were dominated by Fusarium, Penicillium, and Mortierella. In the fungal communities, Mortierellomycota, notably abundant in asymptomatic trees, holds potential as a biocontrol agent, as seen in other studies on the suppression of Fusarium wilt disease. The application of shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed significant differences in alpha and beta diversities in bacterial communities, suggesting a health-dependent change in species composition and abundance. Functional profile analysis highlighted enzymatic activities associated with lipid synthesis/degradation, amino acid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide synthesis, which have been documented to participate in symbiotic relationships between plants. These insights not only contribute to understanding the dynamics of rhizosphere microbial activity but also provide valuable perspectives on the potential application of microbial communities for tree health and implications for the management of apple orchards

Data_Sheet_1_Metabarcoding of mycetangia from the Dendroctonus frontalis species complex (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) reveals diverse and functionally redundant fungal assemblages.docx

Dendroctonus-bark beetles are associated with microbes that can detoxify terpenes, degrade complex molecules, supplement and recycle nutrients, fix nitrogen, produce semiochemicals, and regulate ecological interactions between microbes. Females of some Dendroctonus species harbor microbes in specialized organs called mycetangia; yet little is known about the microbial diversity contained in these structures. Here, we use metabarcoding to characterize mycetangial fungi from beetle species in the Dendroctonus frontalis complex, and analyze variation in biodiversity of microbial assemblages between beetle species. Overall fungal diversity was represented by 4 phyla, 13 classes, 25 orders, 39 families, and 48 genera, including 33 filamentous fungi, and 15 yeasts. The most abundant genera were Entomocorticium, Candida, Ophiostoma-Sporothrix, Ogataea, Nakazawaea, Yamadazyma, Ceratocystiopsis, Grosmannia-Leptographium, Absidia, and Cyberlindnera. Analysis of α-diversity indicated that fungal assemblages of D. vitei showed the highest richness and diversity, whereas those associated with D. brevicomis and D. barberi had the lowest richness and diversity, respectively. Analysis of β-diversity showed clear differentiation in the assemblages associated with D. adjunctus, D. barberi, and D. brevicomis, but not between closely related species, including D. frontalis and D. mesoamericanus and D. mexicanus and D. vitei. A core mycobiome was not statistically identified; however, the genus Ceratocystiopsis was shared among seven beetle species. Interpretation of a tanglegram suggests evolutionary congruence between fungal assemblages and species of the D. frontalis complex. The presence of different amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the same genus in assemblages from species of the D. frontalis complex outlines the complexity of molecular networks, with the most complex assemblages identified from D. vitei, D. mesoamericanus, D. adjunctus, and D. frontalis. Analysis of functional variation of fungal assemblages indicated multiple trophic groupings, symbiotroph/saprotroph guilds represented with the highest frequency (∼31% of identified genera). These findings improve our knowledge about the diversity of mycetangial communities in species of the D. frontalis complex and suggest that minimal apparently specific assemblages are maintained and regulated within mycetangia.</p

Table_1_Metabarcoding of mycetangia from the Dendroctonus frontalis species complex (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) reveals diverse and functionally redundant fungal assemblages.xlsx

Dendroctonus-bark beetles are associated with microbes that can detoxify terpenes, degrade complex molecules, supplement and recycle nutrients, fix nitrogen, produce semiochemicals, and regulate ecological interactions between microbes. Females of some Dendroctonus species harbor microbes in specialized organs called mycetangia; yet little is known about the microbial diversity contained in these structures. Here, we use metabarcoding to characterize mycetangial fungi from beetle species in the Dendroctonus frontalis complex, and analyze variation in biodiversity of microbial assemblages between beetle species. Overall fungal diversity was represented by 4 phyla, 13 classes, 25 orders, 39 families, and 48 genera, including 33 filamentous fungi, and 15 yeasts. The most abundant genera were Entomocorticium, Candida, Ophiostoma-Sporothrix, Ogataea, Nakazawaea, Yamadazyma, Ceratocystiopsis, Grosmannia-Leptographium, Absidia, and Cyberlindnera. Analysis of α-diversity indicated that fungal assemblages of D. vitei showed the highest richness and diversity, whereas those associated with D. brevicomis and D. barberi had the lowest richness and diversity, respectively. Analysis of β-diversity showed clear differentiation in the assemblages associated with D. adjunctus, D. barberi, and D. brevicomis, but not between closely related species, including D. frontalis and D. mesoamericanus and D. mexicanus and D. vitei. A core mycobiome was not statistically identified; however, the genus Ceratocystiopsis was shared among seven beetle species. Interpretation of a tanglegram suggests evolutionary congruence between fungal assemblages and species of the D. frontalis complex. The presence of different amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the same genus in assemblages from species of the D. frontalis complex outlines the complexity of molecular networks, with the most complex assemblages identified from D. vitei, D. mesoamericanus, D. adjunctus, and D. frontalis. Analysis of functional variation of fungal assemblages indicated multiple trophic groupings, symbiotroph/saprotroph guilds represented with the highest frequency (∼31% of identified genera). These findings improve our knowledge about the diversity of mycetangial communities in species of the D. frontalis complex and suggest that minimal apparently specific assemblages are maintained and regulated within mycetangia.</p

VI jornadas de intercambio de experiencias educativas

Se recogen las ponencias presentadas en las VI jornadas de intercambio de experiencias educativas.AsturiasUniversidad de Oviedo. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación; Calle Aniceto Sela s. n.; 33005 Oviedo; +34985103215; +34985103214;ES