A Zaibatsu Out of Place: the Origins of the Fierro Group (1870-1939)

This work focuses on the origins of the Fierro Group. Ildefonso Fierro (1882-1961) was one of the most prominent businessmen of Franco’s regime. Fierro’s case study presents two features that distinguish it from other Spanish family firms founded in the first half of the twentieth century: its high degree of diversification and its peculiar financial history. Prior to the commencement of the Franco dictatorship, Fierro had managed to form a diversified family business and had bought a bank to finance his industrial activity. This article analyzes how he achieved this and compares his path with that of the Japanese Zaibatsu.Este trabajo estudia los orígenes y formación del grupo de empresas de Ildefonso Fierro (1882-1961), uno de los empresarios más destacados en la España de Franco. El caso Fierro presenta dos características que lo alejan de otras empresas familiares españolas nacidas en la primera mitad del siglo xx: su alto nivel de diversificación y su peculiar historia financiera. Antes de que comenzara la dictadura de Franco, Fierro había logrado formar una empresa familiar diversificada y había comprado un banco para financiar su actividad industrial. En estas páginas se analiza cómo lo logró y se compara su trayectoria con la de los zaibatsu japoneses

Un Zaibatsu fuera de lugar: los orígenes del Grupo Fierro (1870‐1939)

This work is focused on the origins and starting of Fierro’s Group. Ildefonso Fierro (1882‐1961) was one of the most prominent businessmen of Franco’s Regime. Fierro’s case study presents two features that distinguish it from other Spanish family firms born in the first half of the twentieth century: its high degree of diversification and its peculiar financial history. Prior to the commencement of the Franco dictatorship, Fierro has managed to form a diversified family business and has bought a bank to finance his industrial activity. This article analyzes how he achieved it and compares its path with that of the Japanese Zaibatsu (paper text in Spanish)Business History, Family Business, New Firms, Grupo Fierro, Zaibatsu

Marine Anti-inflammatory Agents

Acute inflammation is a highly regulated process, and its dysregulation can lead to the development of a chronic inflammatory state which is believed to play a main role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. In recent years, the need to find new anti-inflammatory molecules has raised the scientific community´s interest for marine natural products. In this regard, the marine environment represents a source for isolating a wealth of bioactive compounds. In this Special Issue, the reported products have been obtained from microalgae, sea cucumber, octopus, squid, red alga-derived fungus, cnidarians, hard-shelled mussel, and sponges

Evidential Decision Theory via Partial Markov Categories

We introduce partial Markov categories. In the same way that Markov categories encode stochastic processes, partial Markov categories encode stochastic processes with constraints, observations and updates. In particular, we prove a synthetic Bayes theorem; we use it to define a syntactic partial theory of observations on any Markov category, whose normalisations can be computed in the original Markov category. Finally, we formalise Evidential Decision Theory in terms of partial Markov categories, and provide implemented examples.Comment: 22 pages. Fix typos. The previous version contains an error in Example 3.26, and we thank Dario Stein for pointing it ou

Synthesis of Enantiopure Oxygen- and Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles by Diastereoselective Ring-Closing Metathesis Reaction in Perhydro-1,3-benzoxazine Derivatives

Producción CientíficaDiastereoselective ring‐closing metathesis reactions on chiral trienic perhydro‐1,3‐benzoxazines derived from (−)‐8‐aminomenthol featuring two diastereotopic olefin chains is described. The diastereochemical outcome of the cyclization appeared to be dependent on the length and position of the olefin chains in perhydro‐1,3‐benzoxazine, the degree of substitution of the double bonds and the ruthenium catalyst used. After separation of the diastereomers, and removal of the chiral auxiliary, enantiopure oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing heterocycles were obtained.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project FEDER-CTQ2014-59870-P)Junta de Castilla y León (Ref. Project FEDER-VA115P17

La biblioteca pública como ambiente educativo para el encuentro ciudadano: un estudio en la Comuna 1 de Medellín

This paper explores the representations that children of 9 to 11 years old, in the "Comuna 1" in Medellín, have of the public library as educational environment for creating citizenship. Also, the ways in which people have transformed their representarions about public libraries along with the current social and governmental interventions. The conceptual frame of this research has been provided by the concepts of representation, public library, educative environment and children's citizenship. This research proposes an interpretative approach, using drawings, interviews and reflective workshops. The results and conclusions reaffirm that the public library, as social institution and educative environment, is highly conducive for creating citizenship in children

Fucoxanthin and Rosmarinic Acid Combination Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects through Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in UVB-Exposed HaCaT Keratinocytes

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main risk factor to develop skin pathologies or cancer because it encourages oxidative condition and skin inflammation. In this sense, strategies for its prevention are currently being evaluated. Natural products such as carotenoids or polyphenols, which are abundant in the marine environment, have been used in the prevention of oxidative stress due to their demonstrated antioxidant activities. Nevertheless, the anti-inflammatory activity and its implication in photo-prevention have not been extensively studied. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the combination of fucoxanthin (FX) and rosmarinic acid (RA) on cell viability, apoptosis induction, inflammasome regulation, and anti-oxidative response activation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. We demonstrated for the first time that the combination of FX and RA (5 µM RA plus 5 µM FX, designated as M2) improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profiles in comparison to compounds assayed individually, by reducing UVB-induced apoptosis and the consequent ROS production. Furthermore, the M2 combination modulated the inflammatory response through down-regulation of inflammasome components such as NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1, and the interleukin (IL)-1β production. In addition, Nrf2 and HO-1 antioxidant genes expression increased in UVB-exposed HaCaT cells pre-treated with M2. These results suggest that this combination of natural products exerts photo-protective effects by down-regulating NRLP3-inflammasome and increasing Nrf2 signalling pathway.Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa-POLFANAT-P12-AGR-430Portugal, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)-CESAM-UID/AMB/50017/2019Portugal, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)-CEECIND/04050/2017Universidad de Sevilla "V Plan Propio US-PPI2015-1.5"

100 Families that Changed the World: Family Businesses and Industrialization

This book gathers together the stories of 100 companies organized by country and; within each section; by seniority.1; The epilogue outlines some of the reflections that arise from reading these stories as suggested in this introduction. The actual novelty is; however; that what the reader will find in these pages are the very lessons on how said 100 companies managed to survive for more than a century.; We hope that many of these “lessons from history” are applicable to our readers’ businesses in the present day.; Students at business schools are considered to be a key component of their own individual training process; which is developed through discussion via the case method. Likewise; we have considered our readers to be a key component in the learning opportunities offered by these 100 stories.; While in most books written by academics the authors offer their conclusions systematically and defend them with examples; our aim is; rather; the opposite: to present the 100 company histories; brimming with wisdom on their own; and allow readers to draw their own conclusions