Основные этапы развития идеографии: подходы, категории, лексикографирование

Статья из специализированного выпуска научного журнала "Культура народов Причерноморья", материалы которого объединены общей темой "Язык и Мир" и посвящены общим вопросам Языкознания и приурочены к 80-летию со дня рождения Николая Александровича Рудякова.Стаття із спеціалізованого випуску наукового журналу "Культура народов Причерноморья", матеріали якого поєднані загальною темою "Мова і Світ" і присвячені загальним питанням мовознавства і приурочені до 80-річчя з дня народження Миколи Олександровича Рудякова

Consumption, Configurations, and Innovation – Exploring New Patterns of User Dynamics

In this paper, we explore, both conceptually and empirically, the recent turn towards more hybrid technologies, usually referred to as technological configurations (Fleck, 1993; Peine, 2009; Voss et al., 2010). In particular, we address the policy implications of more differentiated patterns of consumption with more active and co-creating consumers that help create such configurations. Configurations are technological systems, yet their overall identity depends on local contingencies and on the (enacted) prescriptions of users. Configurations bring together technical components, software, standards, services and user practices in more or less unique ways, and they are thus dependent on specific contexts of applications. Recent examples are infrastructure technologies like Smart Grids, Tele (Health) Care, or e-mobility and consumer technologies like Smart Homes or learning technologies. Understanding the configurational nature of these emerging systems, we claim, is a key element towards devising adequate policy measures for their creation and diffusion thus fostering growth and social welfare by innovation policy

Consumption, Configurations, and Innovation – Exploring New Patterns of User Dynamics

In this paper, we explore, both conceptually and empirically, the recent turn towards more hybrid technologies, usually referred to as technological configurations (Fleck, 1993; Peine, 2009; Voss et al., 2010). In particular, we address the policy implications of more differentiated patterns of consumption with more active and co-creating consumers that help create such configurations. Configurations are technological systems, yet their overall identity depends on local contingencies and on the (enacted) prescriptions of users. Configurations bring together technical components, software, standards, services and user practices in more or less unique ways, and they are thus dependent on specific contexts of applications. Recent examples are infrastructure technologies like Smart Grids, Tele (Health) Care, or e-mobility and consumer technologies like Smart Homes or learning technologies. Understanding the configurational nature of these emerging systems, we claim, is a key element towards devising adequate policy measures for their creation and diffusion thus fostering growth and social welfare by innovation policy

Critical Role of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Immune Clearance of Rickettsial Infection

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity developed against the major infected target cells of rickettsial infections, endothelial cells and macrophages. Spleen cells from mice immune to Rickettsia conorii exerted specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-matched CTL activity against R. conorii-infected SVEC-10 endothelial cells, with peak activity on day 10. Similarly, spleen cells from Rickettsia australis-immune mice exerted specific CTL activity against an R. australis-infected macrophage-like cell line. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) gene knockout mice were more than 100-fold more susceptible to R. australis infection than wild-type C57BL/6 mice. MHC class I gene knockout mice were the most susceptible, more than 50,000-fold more susceptible to a lethal outcome of R. australis infection than wild-type C57BL/6 mice. These results indicate that CTL activity was more critical to recovery from rickettsial infection than were the effects of IFN-γ. The observation that perforin gene knockout mice were more than 100-fold more susceptible than wild-type C57BL/6 mice indicates that perforin-mediated activity accounts for a large component, but not all, of the CTL-mediated antirickettsial effect. CTL activity was expressed by immune CD8 T lymphocytes. Adoptive transfer of immune CD8 T lymphocytes from IFN-γ gene knockout mice into R. australis-infected IFN-γ gene knockout mice dramatically reduced the infectious rickettsial content in the organs, confirming that CD8 T lymphocytes provide immunity against rickettsiae besides that provided by the secretion of IFN-γ. CTLs appear to be crucial to recovery from rickettsial infection

Strategic foresight : Trend- und Zukunftsforschung als Strategieinstrument

Getrieben durch den gestiegenen Innovationsdruck und den erhöhten Bedarf nach strategischer Orientierung, ist in den letzten Jahren das Interesse der Unternehmen an den Methoden und Erkenntnissen der Trend- und Zukunftsforschung stark gewachsen: Etliche Kongresse, Praxiszirkel und Netzwerke wurden zum Thema ins Leben gerufen, eine Vielzahl an neuen Foresight-Agenturen und Think-Tanks wurde gegründet und sogar klassische, gestandene Strategieberatungen bieten heute umfangreiche Dienstleistungen im Bereich „Strategic Foresight“ an. Wer möchte, kann sich heute täglich mit neuen Trendlettern, Zukunftsstudien, Impulsartikeln, „Insights“, „Alerts“ oder „schwachen Signalen“ eindecken