Measurement of the νe and total 8B solar neutrino fluxes with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory phase-III data set

This paper details the solar neutrino analysis of the 385.17-day phase-III data set acquired by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). An array of 3He proportional counters was installed in the heavy-water target to measure precisely the rate of neutrino-deuteron neutral-current interactions. This technique to determine the total active 8B solar neutrino flux was largely independent of the methods employed in previous phases. The total flux of active neutrinos was measured to be 5.54-0.31+0.33(stat.)-0.34+0.36(syst.)×106 cm-2 s-1, consistent with previous measurements and standard solar models. A global analysis of solar and reactor neutrino mixing parameters yielded the best-fit values of Δm2=7.59-0.21+0.19×10 -5eV2 and θ=34.4-1.2+1.3degrees

Levels Of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants In Blood From Delivering Women In Seven Selected Areas Of São Paulo State, Brazil

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) present in the living environment are thought to have detrimental health effects on the population, with pregnant women and the developing foetus being at highest risk. We report on the levels of selected POPs in maternal blood of 155 delivering women residing in seven regions within the São Paulo State, Brazil.The following selected POPs were measured in the maternal whole blood: 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners (IUPAC Nos. 99, 101, 118, 138, 153, 156, 163, 170, 180, 183, 187, 194); dichlordiphenyltrichloroethane p,p'-DDT, diphenyldichloroethylene p,p'-DDE and other pesticides such as hexachlorocyclohexanes (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordane derivatives cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, oxy-chlordane, cis-nonachlor and trans-nonachlor.Statistical comparisons between regions were performed only on compounds having concentrations above LOD in 70% of the samples. PCB118 congener was found to be highest in the industrial site (mean 4.97. ng/g lipids); PCB138 congener concentration was highest in the Urban 3 site (mean 4.27. ng/g lipids) and congener PCB153 was highest in the industrial and Urban 3 sites with mean concentration of 7.2. ng/g lipids and 5.89. ng/g lipids respectively. Large differences in levels of p,p'-DDE between regions were observed with the Urban 3 and industrial sites having the highest concentrations of 645. ng/g lipids and 417. ng/g lipids, respectively; β-HCH was found to be highest in the Rural 1 site; the γ-HCH in Rural 1 and industrial; the HCB in the Rural 1 and industrial sites and oxy-chlordane and t-NC in the Rural 2 sites. An association between levels of some contaminants and maternal age and parity was also found. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.401162169Anda, E.E., Nieboer, E., Voitov, A.V., Kovalenko, A.A., Lapina, Y.M., Voitova, E.A., Implementation, quality control and selected pregnancy outcomes of the Murmansk County Birth Registry in Russia (2008) Int J Circumpolar Health, 67, pp. 318-334Baker, E.L., Warren, M., Zack, M., Dobbin, R.D., Miles, J.W., Miller, S., Epidemic malathion poisoning in Pakistan malaria workers (1978) Lancet, 1, pp. 31-34Birnbaum, L.S., Staskal-Wikoff, D.S., 5th international PCB workshop - summary and implications (2010) Environ IntBrazil, F., (2009), Lei No. 11.936. 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Toxic And Essential Elements In Blood From Delivering Women In Selected Areas Of São Paulo State, Brazil

This study was designed to evaluate the degree of environmental contamination and possible exposure of pregnant women to toxic elements in seven selected areas of São Paulo State, Brazil. The overall median concentration of Mo in maternal blood was 0.53 μg L -1, highly significant differences found between sites (p < 0.0001). Cd was found to be low overall - 0.09 μg L -1 (0.01-0.58 μg L -1) - with mothers from the Coastal and Rural 1 sites having the highest levels (p < 0.016). Median Hg concentration was 0.60 μg L -1 (0.06 μg L -1-4.35 μg L -1); median Pb level was 16.2 μg L -1 (3.5-57.7 μg L -1) and no differences between sites were observed for both metals. Median Mn level was 16.7 μg L -1 (7.0-39.7 μg L -1), being highest in Urban 2 site (p<0.016). Concentrations of maternal Co were found to range between 0.06 μg L -1 and 1.1 μg L -1 (median 0.25 μg L -1) and As level was 0.60 μg L -1 (0.10-3.8 μg L -1) overall, with no statistical significance between sites for Co and As. Median Se concentrations were found to be 64 μg L -1 (36-233 μg L -1), with the highest median levels found in Urban 3 site; site differences were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Correlation for each element (between paired maternal and cord blood) was measured only in Rural site 1; significant correlation was shown for Hg, Pb, Mn and Co (p<0.05). These findings may be interpreted as indicating low environmental contamination in São Paulo State, Brazil. These findings could also indicate that pregnant women have little or no contact with pollutants, possibly due to awareness campaigns carried out by public health practitioners. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.133563571Jarup, L., (2003) Br. Med. Bull., 68, pp. 167-182Mathee, A., Röllin, H., Von Schirnding, Y., Levin, J., Naik, I., (2006) Environ. Res., 100, pp. 319-322Odland, J.O., Nieboer, E., Romanova, N., Thomassen, Y., (2004) Int. J. 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Lalande's geographical conception of Africa : European exploration and the scientific call of the Continent's 'Inner Regions' on the verge of the Revolutionary Era

This paper discusses the Mémoire sur l'intérieur de l'Afrique, written by the French scholar Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande. It analyses Lalande's aims, arguments and claims regarding his subject of study - the "inner parts" of Africa - against the background of scientific, commercial, political and military tensions between France and Britain. It situates Lalande's discourse within the broader context of the competing "science policies" of both states in the second half of the eighteenth century. It is an investigation of the sudden re-emergence of Africa as an object of knowledge in the relationship between power and science. The paper focuses on the continuous interaction between France and Britain in African affairs, and highlights the shift from a mere "Enlightened" exploration from the 1720s to Lalande's revolutionary time, when Africa became the object of a "Banksian" takeover, enhancing British interest in the "unknown" interior of the African continent by setting up large-scale, interrelated research missions with practical goals. This provoked reactions from the French side, reflected in Lalande's dissertation

Human health risk assessment for aluminium, aluminium oxide, and aluminium hydroxide.

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