El Trabajo Final de Grado en la titulación de Enfermería. Organización, evaluación y cambios para la mejora de la calidad docente

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524Objetivo: Presentar la organización, evaluación continuada de resultados y propuestas de mejora implementadas durante los tres cursos de desarrollo de la asignatura TFG. Presentación: La asignatura de Trabajo Final de Grado (TFG) se imparte en el séptimo semestre de la titulación. Para el óptimo desarrollo del TFG, la orientación que se realiza a los estudiantes (en el Plan de Acción Tutorial y del TFG) se basa en los criterios uniformes i consensuados de una Guía docente. Los tutores del PAT–TFG son profesores titulares y colaboradores, profesionales del ámbito docente, asistencial e investigador. El equipo de tribunales está integrado por profesores titulares doctores o con estudios de master universitario. Metodología: Durante los tres cursos de desarrollo del TFG hemos realizado una evaluación continuada con estudiantes, tutores y equipo de tribunales. Han valorado cuantitativa y cualitativamente la organización, tutela, presentación y evaluación del TFG. Resultados y conclusiones: Destacamos como aspectos positivos la disponibilidad, interés y responsabilidad de los tutores, y su participación en los seminarios de formación y en las reuniones de reflexión e intercambio de opiniones; la Guía docente, periódicamente revisada y reeditada; el trabajo cooperativo del equipo de tribunales en la revisión de las rúbricas de evaluación y valoración del diseño y proceso; los seminarios de formación continuada y la coordinación conjunta TFG y PAT. Las áreas de mejora identificadas se concretan en profundizar la reflexión y unificar criterios metodológicos, tanto de tutorización como de evaluación; implicar más a los estudiantes en la mejora de la calidad de los trabajos iniciando la formación con seminarios específicos desde tercer curso, ya que, a pesar de la formación recibida en las diferentes asignaturas de la titulación, presentan dificultades en la búsqueda bibliográfica, redacción y síntesis de la información. Los estudiantes viven la asignatura con dificultad porque es donde deben desarrollar y demostrar su capacidad de trabajo autónomo

Examining the association between evidence-based practice and the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship in mental health units: a cross-sectional study

Aims: to examine the relationship between the dimensions of evidence-based practice and the therapeutic relationship and to predict the quality of the therapeutic relationship from these dimensions among nurses working in mental health units. Design: a cross-sectional design. Methods: data were collected between February-April 2018 via an online form completed by nurses working at 18 mental health units. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between the dimensions of evidence-based practice and therapeutic relationship. Questionnaires were completed by 198 nurses. Results: higher levels of evidence-based practice were a significant predictor of a higher-quality therapeutic relationship (β: 2.276; 95% CI: 1.30-3.25). The evidence-based practice factor which most influenced an improved therapeutic relationship was the nurses' attitude (β: 2.047; 95% CI: 0.88-3.21). The therapeutic relationship dimension which was most conditioned by evidence-based practice dimensions was agreement on tasks, which was most favourable with a better attitude (β: 0.625; 95% CI: 0.09-1.16) and greater knowledge and skills for evidence-based practice (β: 0.500; 95% CI: 0.08-0.93). Conclusion: in mental health settings, the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is positively enhanced by evidenced-based practice and the nurse's level of experience, with a great influence on shared decision-making. Impact: this research sought to examine the relationship between the evidence-based practice and the therapeutic relationship in mental health nursing. This study demonstrates that an improved attitude and knowledge of evidence-based practices of mental health nurses increases shared decision-making with patients, which is a basic requirement for person-centred care. Because the therapeutic relationship is considered the backbone of nursing practice in mental health units, this research will have an impact on both mental health nurses and mental health unit managers

Resilience and job satisfaction among out‐of‐hospital emergency medical service professionals: a cross‐sectional multi‐centric study

Aim: We aim to describe the relationship between job satisfaction and compare levels of resilience among out-of-hospital emergency medical service professionals. Background: The study of the impact of the working environment on health professionals has raised great interest. Job-related variables and resilience can be a protective factor against stressful and demanding events at work. Methods: A cross-sectional survey comprising sociodemographic and job-related variables was conducted among 406 workers (doctors, nurses, psychologists, and ambulance technicians) from the out-of-hospital emergency medical system in Spain. Resilience was self-reported using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results: Nursing professionals were less resilient compared with ambulance technicians (score difference 1.709, p = .008). As age increased, resilience was lower (r = -.118). Professionals with higher resilience scores were more satisfied in their work (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11), and professionals with higher psychological strength, gained from working with other colleagues, also showed greater job satisfaction (OR = 5.47, 95% CI: 2.55-11.73). Conclusion: There was a positive association between resilience, job satisfaction and collaborative work. Professionals with greater psychological strength, gained from working with other colleagues, also showed higher levels of job satisfaction. Implications for nursing management: Managers can use these results to influence the work environment to enhance job satisfaction and hence improve the resilience of the out-of-hospital emergency health care professionals

Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar las prácticas de autocuidado en población infantil sana residente en España

Altres ajuts: Departament de Salut (SLT006/17/00098) de la Generalitat de Catalunya per a la intensificació investigadora en el marc del Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut (PERIS)Adaptar y validar el Child and Adolescent Self-Care Performance Questionnaire (CASPQ) al contexto de la población infantil sana de 8 a 12 años residente en España y evaluar sus propiedades métricas. Estudio de validación fundamentado en la Teoría Clásica de los Tests. Cuatro centros educativos participantes en el programa «Salut i Escola» de un centro de atención primaria de Barcelona (España). Un total de 498 alumnos y alumnas de educación primaria participaron en el estudio durante los primeros seis meses de 2016. Se realizó la adaptación cultural del cuestionario. Se evaluó el proceso de respuesta, la estructura factorial y se analizaron las relaciones de las puntuaciones del CASPQ con las del cuestionario KIDSCREEN-27. Asimismo, se evaluaron la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad de las puntuaciones. Se obtuvieron 489 cuestionarios. El análisis factorial confirmatorio de su estructura teórica mostró un ajuste suficiente. Se observó una asociación positiva entre las puntuaciones del cuestionario y las del KIDSCREEN-27. La consistencia interna global fue satisfactoria; no obstante, la de cada factor fue marginal o moderada. La reproducibilidad de las puntuaciones fue óptima. El CASPQ adaptado a la población infantil sana de 8 a 12 años muestra unas propiedades métricas adecuadas y similares a las del cuestionario original. Por ello, es un instrumento útil para evaluar las prácticas de autocuidado y planificar intervenciones dirigidas a su promoción

Psychometric properties of the self-administered version of the 'Self-Care Requisites Scale' among carers for the mentally ill

Introduction: people with schizophrenia frequently need the assistance of a family member who may then become the main carer for the patient. For the carer this may be a difficult and complicated situation that needs to be taken into account in the design of healthcare intervention. Our plan was to carry out an evaluation of the carer, using the 'Self-care Requisites Scale' of Roldan (2011). The aim of the study was to adapt the scale in such a way that it could be self-administered. Methodology: the design was carried out in two phases. First the questionnaire was adapted so that it could be self-administered; this was done by consensus among a group of experts. In the second phase we analyzed the psychometric properties of the results in terms of reliability and validity. Results: the definitive questionnaire consisted of 35 items and 6 dimensions. The internal consistency coefficient for the instrument overall was 0.85. The strongest correlations were obtained between the majority of the sub-scales and the total scale. Conclusions: the 'Self-care Requisites Scale' is easily self-administered by the carers of people suffering schizophrenia. The results, in terms of both reliability and validity, were good

Ethical conflict in critical care nursing: correlation between exposure and types

Background: Ethical conflicts in nursing have generally been studied in terms of temporal frequency and the degree of conflict. This study presents a new perspective for examining ethical conflict in terms of the degree of exposure to conflict and its typology. Objectives: The aim was to examine the level of exposure to ethical conflict for professional nurses in critical care units and to analyze the relation between this level and the types of ethical conflict and moral states. Research design: This was a descriptive correlational study. Central and dispersion, normality tests, and analysis of variance were carried out. Participants and research context: A total of 203 nurses were from two third-level teaching hospitals in Spain. Both centers are part of the University of Barcelona Health Network. Participants filled out the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire. Critical Care Version. Ethical considerations: This investigation received the approval of the ethical committees for clinical investigation of the two participating hospitals. Participants were informed of the authorship and aims of the study. Findings: The index of exposure to ethical conflict was x ¼ 182:35. The situations involving analgesic treatment and end-of-life care were shown to be frequent sources of conflict. The types of ethical conflict and moral states generally arranged themselves from lesser to greater levels of index of exposure to ethical conflict. Discussion: The moderate level of exposure to ethical conflict was consistent with other international studies. However, the situations related with family are infrequent, and this presents differences with previous research. The results suggest that there is a logical relationship between types of conflict and levels of exposure to ethical conflict. Conclusion: The types of ethical conflict and moral states were related with the levels of exposure to ethical conflict. The new perspective was shown to be useful for analyzing the phenomenon of ethical conflict in the nurse

Psychometric Evaluation of a New Instrument in Spanish to Measure Self-Care Requisites in Patients with Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new instrument in Spanish designed to measure self-care requisites in patients with schizophrenia treated in the community. DESIGN AND METHODS: The first phase was conducted to develop the questionnaire through a panel of experts and evaluate for content validity. Psychometric evaluation was then conducted with a consecutive sample of 341 patients. FINDINGS: The scale demonstrated good internal consistency and stability over time. The discriminant and convergent validity was satisfactory. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the theoretical model fits the self-care requisites proposed by Orem's nursing theory from which it originated. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This scale is a valid and reliable instrument for use in clinical practice, guiding the nurse in developing the most appropriate care plan for each patient

Development and psychometric testing of a scale for assessing the associative stigma of mental illness in nursing

Aims and objectives: To develop a new scale for assessing the associative stigma of mental illness in nursing based on Peplau's model of psychodynamic nursing and to examine its psychometric properties. Background: The stigma of mental illness continues to cause problems today for patients, families and mental health professionals. For individuals with a mental disorder, stigma can result in restricted opportunities, social exclusion and the denial of rights. Associative stigma in mental health professionals is becoming a major problem and is related to increased depersonalisation, higher levels of emotional exhaustion and diminished job satisfaction among mental health professionals. Nursing may play a key role in reducing the stigma associated with mental illness, but there are no specific scales for the measurement of associative stigma in nursing. Design: Development of an instrument. A STROBE checklist was completed. Methods: This study involved two stages: (a) item generation and content validation; (b) examining the reliability and convergent/discriminant validity of the scale. A developmental and methodological design was used. Data were collected between November 2016–December 2017 from a sample of 737 nursing undergraduates. Results: The results indicated good internal consistency for the final 20‐item scale for assessing the associative stigma of mental illness in nursing, which is considered in terms of three dimensions: Violence/Dangerousness, Disability, and Irresponsibility/Lack of Competence. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three‐factor structure consistent with the theoretical model. Conclusions: The 20‐item EVEPEM (from its Spanish acronym) derived from Peplau's theory was shown to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing the stigma of mental illness in the nursing setting. Relevance to clinical practice: Reliable instruments are needed to measure the effectiveness of anti‐stigma interventions for mental health professionals. The results indicate that the tool developed is a valid and reliable instrument for use in the nursing setting.The present study received financial assistance via the XV Premio de investigación Beca de la AEESME Asociación Española de Enfermería de Salud Mental

Avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Saúde Mental Positiva em estudantes portugueses do ensino superior

Contexto: a Saúde Mental é referida como um estado defuncionamento ideal do ser humano, o que sublinha a importância de promover as qualidades da pessoa na otimização de seu potencial. Os estudantes do ensino superior precisam de alcançar resultados positivos na esfera académica e pessoal, pelo que a sua Saúde Mental será vital neste processo de transição. Objetivos: avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Saúde Mental Positiva nos estudantes do Ensino Superior. Metodología: estudo metodológico, para tradução e validação para a população portuguesa do Questionário de Saúde Mental Positiva. A amostra foi constituída por 942 estudantes de uma instituição do ensino superior. Os dados foram recolhidos através de uma plataforma online. Foi realizada a tradução do Questionário de Saúde Mental Positiva para português, seguindo-se a sua retroversão para espanhol. Resultados: o Questionário de Saúde Mental Positiva revelou-se um instrumento com muito boa consistência interna (α Cronbach=0,92), com uma estrutura fatorial semelhante ao estudo original (Espanha), composta por seis fatores, todos eles com consistência interna variando entre 0,60 e 0,84. O instrumento apresenta uma boa estabilidade (avaliada através do teste-reteste realizado com um intervalo de dois meses) - 0,98. Conclusões: os resultados sugerem que o Questionário de Saúde Mental Positiva é um instrumento fiável e de fácil utilização em estudantes do Ensino Superior. Este estudo fornece evidência para a fidelidade, validade de conteúdo, e validade de critério do instrumento

Evaluation of positive mental health and sense of coherence in mental health professionals

Background: the Sense of Coherence (SOC) of Antonowsky (1996) which is based on salutogenic theory and the multifactor Positive Mental Health (PMH) model of Lluch (1999) provide two constructs for comprehending, evaluating, and intervening in the promotion and maintenance of a good state of mental health. Aim: were assessed self-rated mental health of health professionals working in mental health services and relations between both constructs and sociodemographic, work, and health variables. Methods: the sample was made up of n=102 attending professionals at the mental health units of the Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, in Salt, Girona. The variables studied were sociodemographic work-related, health-related, and self-perception of mental health, evaluated by means of the Sense of Coherence questionnaire and the Positive Mental Health questionnaire. The questionnaires were self-administered. Results: overall, the sample studied scored high in the Sense of Coherence and the Positive Mental Health questionnaires. In terms of the relation between the overall scores of the SOC questionnaire and the PMH, analysis revealed a positive relation between the two. Conclusions: this positive relation between the two questionnaires may be of particular interest in future studies of the multifactor model of Positive Mental Health and the salutogenic model that underlies the Sense of Coherence, by generating a global conceptual framework for the study of mental health from a positive perspective