Visual communication of hospice orgnizations and its influence on shaping social awareness

W dyskursie medialnym bardzo silnie obecny jest temat śmierci, której obraz pozbawiony jest jej rzeczywistej wartości. Hospicja, które działają na rzecz poprawy jakości życia osób chorych terminalnie, poprzez komunikaty kierowane do swojego otoczenia przywracają tematowi śmierci jego właściwy wymiar, wpływając na postawy społeczeństwa i jego postrzeganie. Organizacje hospicyjne w codziennej działalności wykorzystują narzędzia z zakresu public relations. Wyspecjalizowany PR (związany ze służbą zdrowia i organizacjami pożytku publicznego) nastawiony jest na symetryczne komunikowanie dwukierunkowe, podczas którego wypracowuje się wzajemne zrozumienie na linii organizacja-otoczenie.In the media discourse the topic of death is very strongly represented and its image is deprived of the real value. Hospices, which work to improve the quality of life of terminally ill people, through messages directed to their environment, restore the right to death, affecting the attitudes and perceptions of society. Hospice organizations use public relations tools in their daily activities to reach as many members of their target groups as possible. Specialized PR (connected both with the health service and public relations of public benefit organizations) is focused on symmetrical bi-directional communication, during which mutual understanding on the line of the organization - the environment is developed

Dietary supplements in the sport

In recent years, the popularity of dietary supplements among athletes has surged, often aimed at enhancing sports performance and improving training outcomes. However, along with this popularity comes an increasing risk of using substances classified as doping in sports. This article examines the current state of knowledge regarding dietary supplements used by athletes, considering the potential risk of violating anti-doping regulations. The article discuss popular ingredients such creatine, beta-alanine, branched-chain amino acids and others

Use of horse riding in chronic pain therapy

Introduction and purpose: Chronic pain is a struggle itself and also a symptom in many common conditions. Its complexity requires diverse treatment methods including some that might seem unconventional, for example, horse riding. This study gathers information about the use of equine assisted therapy in pain relief. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Hippotherapy is known as an important part of care for patients with cerebral palsy, attention deficit and autism. The rhythmical, multidimensional movements of the horse are transmitted to the rider’s pelvis and help in strengthening and stretching the muscles which result in better posture stabilization and balance. The positive effects of equine assisted therapy are not limited to only physical ones but positive social, cognitive and psychological effects can be observed as well. In order to lower the cost and time of the therapy, horse riding simulators were invented. So far, horse riding has been tested as a pain relief tool in entities like nonspecific low back pain, multiple sclerosis and arthritis. Summary: Horse riding sessions had beneficial effects on pain levels among patients with nonspecific back pain and arthritis. There is a need to conduct further research in order to properly compare the use of real horses versus horse simulators. Hippotherapy was well perceived by different patient groups so maybe it has the potential to be an important part of pain management in various conditions

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differentiation and management

Introduction and purpose: The number of invented and produced medications has increased over recent years. Besides their positive impact on health, they invariably provide various kinds of side effects. This review is focused on malignant neuroleptic syndrome, a rare condition with no fully confirmed pathogenesis, which at least partially can be explained as an adverse effect of blocking dopamine receptors. Even though it usually affects psychiatric or neurological patients, doctors of all medical specializations should stay alert, as the condition can often lead to premature death. Brief description of knowledge: The main symptoms associated with NMS are hypertonia, hyperpyrexia, autonomic instability and altered consciousness. They can appear in any configuration, sometimes followed by less characteristic manifestations. It should be primarily differentiated from serotonin syndrome, malignant hyperpyrexia and catatonia, mostly through the interview of those who have taken medications and undergone surgeries, as there are not any specific lab tests available. Fundamental treatment methods consist of neuroleptic withdrawal, intensive supportive care, drug administration and eventually ECT.  Summary: NMS is an uncommon, severe disease that should be carefully considered in patients treated with neuroleptics. Due to its rarity and sudden onset, it appears to be problematic to conduct widespread research and studies, so there are still no concrete, consistent and unquestioned guidelines on recognizing and treating the condition.&nbsp

Deficiency of thiamine and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome – review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation , diagnostics and treatment

Introduction and aim of the study: Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamine, which bioactive form is necessary for energy metabolism in all cells. Deficiency of thiamine may be caused by malnutrition, alcoholism and certain diseases and it leads to an acute neuropsychiatric disorder called Wernicke encephalopathy. Untreated patients can develop a residual syndrome called Korsakoff syndrome. The aim of our study is to present current knowledge of history, pathophysiology, causes, symptoms and treatment of vitamine B1 depletion and Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome. Material and methods: Our review is based on the analysis of materials collected in „Pubmed”, „Google Scholar” and other scientific articles using keywords: „thiamine”, „thiamine deficiency”, „Wernicke encephalopathy”, „Korsakoff syndrome”. Conclusions: Despite numerous studies, Wernicke encephalopathy is still difficult to diagnose. Attention should be paid to the possibility of vitamin B1 deficiency in people who are at risk of it like alcoholics, malnourished or psychiatric patients. Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder so the treatment should be started as soon as possible to reduce the risk of developing Korsakoff syndrome.

Dietary supplements in the sport

In recent years, the popularity of dietary supplements among athletes has surged, often aimed at enhancing sports performance and improving training outcomes. However, along with this popularity comes an increasing risk of using substances classified as doping in sports. This article examines the current state of knowledge regarding dietary supplements used by athletes, considering the potential risk of violating anti-doping regulations. The article discuss popular ingredients such creatine, beta-alanine, branched-chain amino acids and others

Use of horse riding in chronic pain therapy

Introduction and purpose: Chronic pain is a struggle itself and also a symptom in many common conditions. Its complexity requires diverse treatment methods including some that might seem unconventional, for example, horse riding. This study gathers information about the use of equine assisted therapy in pain relief. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Hippotherapy is known as an important part of care for patients with cerebral palsy, attention deficit and autism. The rhythmical, multidimensional movements of the horse are transmitted to the rider’s pelvis and help in strengthening and stretching the muscles which result in better posture stabilization and balance. The positive effects of equine assisted therapy are not limited to only physical ones but positive social, cognitive and psychological effects can be observed as well. In order to lower the cost and time of the therapy, horse riding simulators were invented. So far, horse riding has been tested as a pain relief tool in entities like nonspecific low back pain, multiple sclerosis and arthritis. Summary: Horse riding sessions had beneficial effects on pain levels among patients with nonspecific back pain and arthritis. There is a need to conduct further research in order to properly compare the use of real horses versus horse simulators. Hippotherapy was well perceived by different patient groups so maybe it has the potential to be an important part of pain management in various conditions