Ingesta de sacarosa durante la preñez y la lactancia: efectos sobre el metabolismo lipídico en la descendencia adulta

:La calidad nutricional en etapas tempranas de la vida influye sobre el desarrollo de patologías crónicas del adulto. Objetivo: examinar el efecto de la dieta rica en sacarosa (DRS) durante la preñez+lactancia sobre aspectos del metabolismo lipídico de la descendencia alimentada con dieta control (DC) o DRS desde el post-destete y hasta las 21 semanas de vida (grupos: DC-DC, DC-DRS, DRS-DRS y DRS-DC). Resultados: -En los grupos DC-DRS, DRS-DRS y DRS-DC observamos mayor adiposidad, peso corporal normal y dislipidemia. Esta última resulta de acelerada secreción hepática de VLDL-Tg y mayor contenido de triglicéridos hepáticos asociado a mayor actividad de enzimas lipogénicas hepáticas: acetil-CoA carboxilasa y enzima málica (p<0.05 vs DC-DC). La actividad Glucosa-6-P-deshidrogenasa hepática fue mayor solo en los grupos DC-DRS y DRS-DRS comparado a DRS-DC y DC-DC. Conclusión: la exposición temprana a DRS conlleva en la adultez a cambios desfavorables en el metabolismo lipídico independientemente que la dieta post-lactancia sea DC o DRS.Nutrition quality during the early steps of life has a high influence on the development of chronic adult diseases. The present study examined the effect of a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) fed to dams during pregnancy+lactation on the lipid metabolism of their adult progeny, fed a control diet (CD) or a SRD after weaning to 21 weeks of life (CD-CD, CD-SRD, SRD-SRD, SRD-CD groups). Results: Final body weight was similar between the groups although adiposity and plasma lipids were significantly higher in CD-SRD, SRD-SRD and SRD-CD vs CD-CD. The dyslipidemia was the result of an increased VLDL-Tg secretion rate and elevated liver triglyceride pool. The novo hepatic lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase and malic enzyme were significantly higher in rats exposed to SRD at any period of life. On the other hand, the hepatic glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in DC-DRS and DRS-DRS compared to CD-CD and SRD-CD. Conclusion: An early life exposure to a SRD is associated with changes in lipid metabolism in the adult life regardless whether offspring consumed an SRD after weaning.Fil: D´Alessandro, M. E.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rojido, M.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Chicco, Adriana Graciela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Ingesta de sacarosa durante la preñez y la lactancia: efectos sobre el metabolismo lipídico en la descendencia adulta

:La calidad nutricional en etapas tempranas de la vida influye sobre el desarrollo de patologías crónicas del adulto. Objetivo: examinar el efecto de la dieta rica en sacarosa (DRS) durante la preñez+lactancia sobre aspectos del metabolismo lipídico de la descendencia alimentada con dieta control (DC) o DRS desde el post-destete y hasta las 21 semanas de vida (grupos: DC-DC, DC-DRS, DRS-DRS y DRS-DC). Resultados: -En los grupos DC-DRS, DRS-DRS y DRS-DC observamos mayor adiposidad, peso corporal normal y dislipidemia. Esta última resulta de acelerada secreción hepática de VLDL-Tg y mayor contenido de triglicéridos hepáticos asociado a mayor actividad de enzimas lipogénicas hepáticas: acetil-CoA carboxilasa y enzima málica (p<0.05 vs DC-DC). La actividad Glucosa-6-P-deshidrogenasa hepática fue mayor solo en los grupos DC-DRS y DRS-DRS comparado a DRS-DC y DC-DC. Conclusión: la exposición temprana a DRS conlleva en la adultez a cambios desfavorables en el metabolismo lipídico independientemente que la dieta post-lactancia sea DC o DRS.Nutrition quality during the early steps of life has a high influence on the development of chronic adult diseases. The present study examined the effect of a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) fed to dams during pregnancy+lactation on the lipid metabolism of their adult progeny, fed a control diet (CD) or a SRD after weaning to 21 weeks of life (CD-CD, CD-SRD, SRD-SRD, SRD-CD groups). Results: Final body weight was similar between the groups although adiposity and plasma lipids were significantly higher in CD-SRD, SRD-SRD and SRD-CD vs CD-CD. The dyslipidemia was the result of an increased VLDL-Tg secretion rate and elevated liver triglyceride pool. The novo hepatic lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase and malic enzyme were significantly higher in rats exposed to SRD at any period of life. On the other hand, the hepatic glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in DC-DRS and DRS-DRS compared to CD-CD and SRD-CD. Conclusion: An early life exposure to a SRD is associated with changes in lipid metabolism in the adult life regardless whether offspring consumed an SRD after weaning.Fil: D´Alessandro, M. E.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rojido, M.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Chicco, Adriana Graciela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

The heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on crime across the world

Abstract There is a vast literature evaluating the empirical association between stay-at-home policies and crime during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these academic efforts have primarily focused on the effects within specific cities or regions rather than adopting a cross-national comparative approach. Moreover, this body of literature not only generally lacks causal estimates but also has overlooked possible heterogeneities across different levels of stringency in mobility restrictions. This paper exploits the spatial and temporal variation of government responses to the pandemic in 45 cities across five continents to identify the causal impact of strict lockdown policies on the number of offenses reported to local police. We find that cities that implemented strict lockdowns experienced larger declines in some crime types (robbery, burglary, vehicle theft) but not others (assault, theft, homicide). This decline in crime rates attributed to more stringent policy responses represents only a small proportion of the effects documented in the literature

The heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on crime across the world

Acknowledgements: Thanks to two anonymous reviewers and to the Reading Sessions in Quantitative Criminology (RESQUANT) group of the University of Manchester for their comments.AbstractThere is a vast literature evaluating the empirical association between stay-at-home policies and crime during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these academic efforts have primarily focused on the effects within specific cities or regions rather than adopting a cross-national comparative approach. Moreover, this body of literature not only generally lacks causal estimates but also has overlooked possible heterogeneities across different levels of stringency in mobility restrictions. This paper exploits the spatial and temporal variation of government responses to the pandemic in 45 cities across five continents to identify the causal impact of strict lockdown policies on the number of offenses reported to local police. We find that cities that implemented strict lockdowns experienced larger declines in some crime types (robbery, burglary, vehicle theft) but not others (assault, theft, homicide). This decline in crime rates attributed to more stringent policy responses represents only a small proportion of the effects documented in the literature.</jats:p