Biogas home-production assessment using a selective sample of organic vegetable waste. A preliminary study

Biogas generation plants using organic waste are a daily reality that can be observed in different areas of waste disposal that exist in many cities of the world. In fact, the generation of biogas through anaerobic bio-digestion of urban wastes has a high impact in terms of energy use and reduced environmental liabilities. The present study focuses on the assessment of biogas production for domestic consumption; several biodigesters were tested in order to evaluate the biogas production under standard pressure and temperature. The test estimates volume of biogas being produced, substrate pH and substrate concentration, using different types of catalysts. A test bed was designed for testing three digesters (A, B and C) within recycled bottles of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), whose maximum volume is ~0.6 liters. A 60g organic substrate compound was placed in each bottle. The organic compound consisted of peeling residues of potatoes, cabbage and carrots. Experimental characterization of the mixture allowed to observe the production of biogas for domestic use, system temperature, pH levels achieved, mass and substrate concentration, as well as concentration and volume of the catalyst. Further studies, with a larger sample and monitoring the container pressure are recommended in order to establish a more precise relation among the whole set of experimental parameters

Biogas home-production assessment using a selective sample of organic vegetable waste. A preliminary study

Biogas generation plants using organic waste are a daily reality that can be observed in different areas of waste disposal that exist in many cities of the world. In fact, the generation of biogas through anaerobic bio-digestion of urban wastes has a high impact in terms of energy use and reduced environmental liabilities. The present study focuses on the assessment of biogas production for domestic consumption; several biodigesters were tested in order to evaluate the biogas production under standard pressure and temperature. The test estimates volume of biogas being produced, substrate pH and substrate concentration, using different types of catalysts. A test bed was designed for testing three digesters (A, B and C) within recycled bottles of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), whose maximum volume is ~0.6 liters. A 60g organic substrate compound was placed in each bottle. The organic compound consisted of peeling residues of potatoes, cabbage and carrots. Experimental characterization of the mixture allowed to observe the production of biogas for domestic use, system temperature, pH levels achieved, mass and substrate concentration, as well as concentration and volume of the catalyst. Further studies, with a larger sample and monitoring the container pressure are recommended in order to establish a more precise relation among the whole set of experimental parameters

Taula Rodona : Significat i vigència de Braudel 10 anys després de la seva mort

Con motivo del décimo aniversario de la muerte de Fernand Braudel la revista Manuscrits organizó una mesa redonda sobre el significado y vigencia de su obra en la aclualidad. El debate, moderado por el profesor R García Cárcel, contó con la participación de los profesores C. Aguirre, B. Vincent y C. Barros.The review of modern history Manuscrits organized a round table conference to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the death of the French historian Fernand Braudel. The dabate, which was centred on the significance and validity of Braudel's works at the present time, counted on the participation of professors C. Aguirre Rojas, B. Vincent and C. Barros and was presented by professor R. García Cárcel

Drug-Containing Layered Double Hydroxide/Alginate Dispersions for Tissue Engineering

Alginate (Alg) is increasingly studied as a constitutive material of scaffolds for tissue engineering because of its easy gelation and biocompatibility, and the incorporation of drugs into its formulation allows for its functionality to be extended. However, Alg presents a low cell adhesion and proliferation capacity, and the incorporation of drugs may further reduce its biocompatibility. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are promising fillers for Alg-based biomaterials, as they increase cell adhesion and interaction and provide drug storage and controlled release. In this work, LDH containing ibuprofen or naproxen were synthesized by coprecipitation at a constant pH and their properties upon their incorporation in Alg dispersions (LDH-Drug/Alg) were explored. Drug release profiles in simulated body fluid and the proliferation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by LDH-Drug/Alg dispersions were then evaluated, leading to results that confirm their potential as biomaterials for tissue engineering. They showed a controlled release with diffusive control, modulated by the in-situ formation of an Alg hydrogel in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Additionally, LDH-Drug/Alg dispersions mitigated the cytotoxic effects of the pure drugs, especially in the case of markedly cytotoxic drugs such as naproxen.Fil: Zanin, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Fisicoquímica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Gil, German Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: García, Mónica Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; ArgentinaFil: Rojas Delgado, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Fisicoquímica; Argentin

Analysis of the Demand of Dark Tourism: A Case Study in Córdoba (Spain)

Visiting places where death is present, either due to a natural tragedy, war, the Holocaust, etc., or because there is the presence of a non-visible entity or paranormal phenomenon, is increasingly more accepted in modern times. It has become a kind of tourism that has grown in demand, though it remains a minority. The city of Cordoba, in the south of Spain, is swarming with houses and places where legends have endured over centuries as a consequence of the coexistence of three cultures – Jewish, Christian and Arab. In turn, popular culture considers these places as having a characteristic “charm” due to the phenomena that happen there. This work analyses the profile of dark tourism tourists, particularly in two sub-segments - that of ghosts and of cemeteries - as well as the existing offer. The aim is to design and improve a quality tourist product that is adapted to the requirements of the demand

Understanding the impact of hamstring injuries on match performance in Spanish professional soccer players: two full seasons follow-up

This study aimed to analyze the changes in match physical demands in professional soccer players after sustaining a hamstring injury, which was categorized based on injury severity. Seventy-two hamstring injuries involving sixty-four professional soccer players from the Spanish LaLiga™ were considered for this study. All injuries were classified according to their severity as moderate (resulting in eight to 28 missed days) and major (resulting in more than 28 missed days). Mediacoach video-tracking system collected time and external load variables and subsequently compared them between the pre-injury and return-to-play periods. The analyzed variables included distance covered at different velocities (i.e., total distance, at 18-21 km.h−1, at 21-24 km.h−1, and at more than 24 km.h-1), the number of sprints, accelerations, decelerations, and high metabolic load distance (HMLD). The results showed that players with both moderate and major injuries played fewer minutes after injury (p<.001 to p<.05) and experienced a decrease in maximum speed (p<.01 to p<.05), covering less total distance (p<.05) and exhibiting a decrease (p<.05) in average speed (only observed in players with major injuries). Additionally, moderately injured players experienced a reduction in the number of maximum accelerations (p<.05) and decelerations (p<.05), high metabolic load distance/min (p<.05), and average accelerations (p<.05). Furthermore, a significant reduction in the magnitude of maximum decelerations was observed in players with major injuries (p<.05). These findings highlight the importance of implementing strategies that enable the attainment of initial levels of high-intensity actions and maximum speed in reconditioning programs following hamstring injuries

Analysis of the sustainability of the patios festival: Intangible heritage of humanity

Cordoba is a heritage city located in the south of Spain, has four recognitions by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, of which three refer to the material heritage (The "Mosque" recognized in 1984, (Unesco, 1984) , the "Historic Center of the City" (Unesco, 1994), the "Archaeological Site of Medina Azahara" (2018)) and one that is intangible heritage ("the Festival of the Patios" (2012)). With this rich cultural heritage this city is a potential tourist destination, in the segment of cultural tourism. The “patio” as a material part of the house and social area of expansion in certain houses has been evolving from the Roman era to the present, becoming an element of tourist attraction since its inclusion of the “Festival Patios of Córdoba” (FPC) in the Representative List of Intangible Heritage of Humanity (LRPI), promoted by UNESCO, in December 2012 has been a milestone in the celebration of a popular holiday conditioned both by the habitat that welcomes it, the “patios houses” located in the historic center of Córdoba, as for the way of life of those who generate this celebration, the inhabitants of these patio houses. A way of lifehabitus- closely linked, in turn, to said habitat. The patio has generated a growing tourist interest awakened in both national and international markets. This fact implicitly carries with it a responsibility that affects both the organizer of the competition that has retained the Festival during the last eighty years, the town hall, and the generators of the cultural dynamics that make it possible, the inhabitants of patio houses. Currently, the Festival is subject to two tensions: the intense tourist activity that is generated during the days of its celebration in May, and the safeguarding and protection measures that aim to preserve and maintain the heritage resource so as not to exhaust, precisely, its interest tourist. The coordination of these two forces, apparently opposed, should be the objective of those who intend to assume the role of promoter of a management plan of the FPC, since it is, precisely, the capacity of the site to develop a good management tool the aspect in the one that UNESCO puts more emphasis to maintain the inclusion of the good in the LRPI. In this work we will focus on the Patios Festival and its sustainability from the point of view of the Offer, surveying the managers and owners thereof

Validación de un nuevo modelo bioquímico predictivo de la escaldadura superficial en peras cv. Packham´s Triumph

54 P.En Chile, la producción de pera (Pyrus communis L.) alcanzó las 8700 ha durante 2016. El principal cv es Packham´s Triumph, concentrando su superficie en la Región de O´Higgins. Las condiciones de almacenaje de las peras en nuestro país, permiten un período de 2 a 7 meses de guarda, es precisamente durante este período que el escaldado superficial aparece en cvs. susceptibles como Packham´s Triumph. Sin embargo, la susceptibilidad a escaldado superficial varia de una temporada a otra debido al microclima del huerto. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo validar el uso de un nuevo modelo bioquímico predictivo, mediante espectrofotometría, utiizando la evolución de α-farneseno, trienoles (CT) y antioxidantes (200 nm) en la piel. Para ello se realizaron muestreos luego de 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 y 210 días almacenamiento en frío (1 ° C, 95-98% HR). Se utilizó fruta proveniente de 4 huertos cosechados tempranamente (121-136 DDPF), comercialmente (128-133 DDPF) y tardíamente (135-140 DDPF). Se separó la fruta de cada huerto ybse aplicaron 3 tratamientos: T0 (testigo), T1 DPA (1500 ppm) y T2 1-MCP (326ppb 'SmartFresh'), cada uno con cuatro repeticiones de 25 frutos. Los niveles de antioxidantes en piel fueron significativamente más bajos en la fruta de cosecha tardía (-12%) en comparación con aquella de cosecha temprana. Fruta tratada con 1-MCP y DPA mantuvo un mayor contenido de antioxidantes en comparación con el control no tratado. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre los niveles de α-farneseno entre las fechas de cosecha (17-25 nmol / cm2 de cáscara). La tasa de acumulación de CTol durante los primeros 60 días de almacenamiento aumentó con el tiempo de cosecha, el CTol281 mostró la correlación más alta (R2> 0,61) entre los trienoles individuales evaluados. En las peras tratadas con DPA, sólo la tasa de CTol258 aumentó durante los primeros 60 días (R2 0,720 en promedio) con diferencias entre cosechas. El tratamiento con 1-MCP, presentó la menor concentración de Ctol, sin aumento con el almacenamiento.El modelo predictivo bioquímico solo fue capaz de relacionar postivamente la tasa de acumulación de Trienoles (TC258-TC281) en dos de los cuatro huertos evaluados (Prihuin 3 y Talcarehue), en estos huertos mayores tasas de acumulación indicaron mayor incidencia de escaldado superficial. Finalmente, con los resultados obtenidos se logró determinar para ambos huertos (Pirhuin 3 y Talcarehue), la tasa a la cual ocurre el daño por escaldado superficial, siendo 0,52 y 0,62 δtc/δt./ABSTRACT: tract n Chile, the pear production (Pyrus communis L.) reached 8700 ha during 2016. The main cv is Packham's Triumph, concentrated in the O'Higgins Region. The storage conditions of the pears in our country, allow a period of 2 to 7 months of storage, it is precisely during this period that the superficial blanching appears in cvs. susceptible as Packham's Triumph. However, the susceptibility to surface scalding varies from season to season due to the microclimate of the orchard. The objective of this work was to validate the use of a new predictive biochemical model, using spectrophotometry, using evolution of α-farnesene, trienols (CT) and antioxidants (200 nm) in the skin. To do this, samples were taken after 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 and 210 days of cold storage (1 ° C, 95-98% RH). Fruit from 4 orchards harvested early (121-136 DDPF), commercially (128-133 DDPF) and late (135-140 DDPF) was used. The fruit was separated from each orchard and 3 treatments were applied: T0 (control), T1 DPA (1500 ppm) and T2 1-MCP (326ppb 'SmartFresh'), each with four repetitions of 25 fruits. Antioxidant levels in skin were significantly lower in late harvest fruit (-12%) compared to that of early harvest. Fruit treated with 1-MCP and DPA maintained a higher antioxidant content compared to the untreated control. No statistical differences were observed between the α-farnesene levels between the harvest dates (17-25 nmol / cm2 of husk). The rate of accumulation of CTol during the first 60 days of storage increased with the time of harvest, the CTol281 showed the highest correlation (R2> 0.61) among the individual trienols evaluated. In pears treated with DPA, only the CTol258 rate increased during the first 60 days (R2 0.720 on average) with differences between harvests. Treatment with 1-MCP, presented the lowest concentration of Ctol, without increase with storage.t The biochemical predictive model was only able to relate the Trienols accumulation rate (TC258-TC281) in two of the four evaluated orchards (Prihuin 3 and Talcarehue), in these orchards higher accumulation rates indicated a higher incidence of superficial blanching. Finally, with the obtained results it was possible to determine for both orchards (Pirhuin 3 and Talcarehue), the rate at which the damage occurs by superficial blanching, being 0.52 and δtc /o

Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies are associated with aberrant inflammatory circuits in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases

INTRODUCTION: Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies are markers for several systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). OBJECTIVE: To assess whether anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies are related to abnormalities in inflammatory circuits. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of consecutive outpatients with SARD. Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies and serum amyloid A protein were measured by ELISA; panels for 18 cytokines and nine chemokines were analyzed on a Luminex reading platform, while high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and complement were measured by nephelometry. RESULTS: Among 167 included patients, 143 had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 16 had primary Sjögren's syndrome and eight had systemic sclerosis; 41 (24%) were positive for anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies. Patients with anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies had higher serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, GM-CSF, IL-21, IL-22, hs-CRP and chemokines CCL4, CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL12, but lower levels of complement C4. Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibody titers were positively correlated with IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-21, IL-22, CXCL10, and hs-CRP, and negatively with complements C3 and C4. When only SLE patients were included, no association was identified between anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies and disease activity or organ-specific involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies are associated with aberrant cytokine circuits and elevated levels of angiogenic molecules and neutrophil and monocyte chemoattractants, which suggests an active role for these antibodies in SARD.</p

Ecological successions throughout the desiccation of Tirez lagoon (Spain) as an astrobiological time-analog for wet-to-dry transitions on Mars

Tirez was a small and seasonal endorheic athalassohaline lagoon that was located in central Spain. In recent years, the lagoon has totally dried out, offering for the first time the opportunity to analyze its desiccation process as a “time-analog” to similar events occurred in paleolakes with varying salinity during the wet-to-dry transition on early Mars. On the martian cratered highlands, an early period of water ponding within enclosed basins evolved to a complete desiccation of the lakes, leading to deposition of evaporitic sequences during the Noachian and into the Late Hesperian. As Tirez also underwent a process of desiccation, here we describe (i) the microbial ecology of Tirez when the lagoon was still active 20 years ago, with prokaryotes adapted to extreme saline conditions; (ii) the composition of the microbial community in the dried lake sediments today, in many case groups that thrive in sediments of extreme environments; and (iii) the molecular and isotopic analysis of the lipid biomarkers that can be recovered from the sediments today. We discuss the implications of these results to better understanding the ecology of possible Martian microbial communities during the wet-to-dry transition at the end of the Hesperian, and how they may inform about research strategies to search for possible biomarkers in Mars after all the water was los