Integrating stress signals at the endoplasmic reticulum: The BCL-2 protein family rheostat

AbstractThe assembling of distinct signaling protein complexes at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane controls several stress responses related to calcium homeostasis, autophagy, ER morphogenesis and protein folding. Diverse pathological conditions interfere with the function of the ER altering protein folding, a condition known as “ER stress”. Adaptation to ER stress depends on the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and protein degradation pathways such as autophagy. Under chronic or irreversible ER stress, cells undergo apoptosis, where the BCL-2 protein family plays a crucial role at the mitochondria to trigger cytochrome c release and apoptosome assembly. Several BCL2 family members also regulate physiological processes at the ER through dynamic interactomes. Here we provide a comprehensive view of the roles of the BCL-2 family of proteins in mediating the molecular crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria to initiate apoptosis, in addition to their emerging functions in adaptation to stress, including autophagy, UPR, calcium homeostasis and organelle morphogenesis. We envision a model where BCL-2-containing complexes may operate as stress rheostats that, beyond their known apoptosis functions at the mitochondria, determine the amplitude and kinetics of adaptive responses against ER-related injuries. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria: the deadly organelle

Flow-Path: An AllPath flow-based protocol

The work at: The 37th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). Clearwater, Florida, USA. Date: 22-25 October 2012This paper describes Flow-Path, an AllPath flowbased switching protocol that features improved load adaptive properties. Upon arrival of a new flow to the network, it explores every possible path reaching from source to destination host and selects the lowest latency path at the moment. It is based on the same basic principle than ARPPath, that is, snooping the ARP protocol dialog (request and reply messages) to explore all available paths at the same time that address resolution takes place, but it is flow-based instead of source address-based. While preserving the main advantages of ARP-Path: shortest path bridging exploiting the full network topology, Flow-Path has the advantages of full independence of flows at the time of path creation and guarantees path symmetry (congruency) and increased path diversity. Flow-Path thus improves load distribution, at the expense of increased address table size in each bridge.This work was supported in part by grants from Comunidad de Madrid and Comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha through Projects MEDIANET-CM (S-2009/TIC- 1468) and EMARECE (PII1I09-0204-4319).Publicad

A Small Data Center Network of ARP-Path Bridges made of Openflow Switches

This work is at: The 36th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) took place 04/10/2011 - 07/10/2011 in Bonn (Germany). This web site to: http://www.ieeelcn.org/prior/LCN36/index.htmlThis demo shows, in a small data center demo network topology the ARP Path bridges functionality and robustness over varied platforms and their interoperability. ARP-Path bridges set up on-demand shortest paths between hosts using the standard ARP Request, but flooded over all links, to find the lowest latency path to the destination host. ARP Path is loop free, uses the standard Ethernet frame and compatible with hosts and routers.Data center demo network consists of ten ARP Path bridges. Eight bridges are implemented with standard Openflow switches (four NEC PF8800/PF5240 Open flow capable switches and four Soekris boxes running Open flow Switch implementation) and the other two are implemented on OpenWRT. A previous demo showed (in remote lab) the protocol operation over four NetFPGA boards executing Openflow[7]. Demo shows network operation with standard applications like video, demonstrating the protocol robustness, zero configuration, fast network reconfiguration upon link failures and after mobility of a host.. Implementations in Linux and Openflow show inherent robustness and fast reconfiguration. Additionally, information and video of the Sigcomm 2011 demo with implementation of ARP Path protocol on a network of four NetFPGA boards (pure hardware implementation) is also posted [8].Publicad

Implicaciones de la Escuela de Verano 2011 para la Investigación en la Facultad de Administración de la Universidad del Rosario

El presente documento tiene como objetivo, en el marco de las actividades de internacionalización y su relación con las responsabilidades de la Facultad de Administración de la Universidad del Rosario, en el ámbito de la investigación, recapitular las actividades de la Escuela de Verano realizada en el mes de julio del 2011, que buscaba reforzar los conocimientos de los participantes desde un enfoque internacional. La Escuela de Verano del 2011 fue la segunda versión efectuada por la Universidad del Rosario a través de la Facultad de Administración, la cual tuvo lugar del 11 al 29 de julio del 2011. Fueron tres semanas en las cuales los participantes pudieron conocer teóricamente aproximaciones a nuevas habilidades gerenciales con siete conferencistas provenientes de las mejores escuelas de negocios del mundo

Torii: Multipath Distributed Ethernet Fabric Protocol for Data Centers with Zero-Loss Path Repair

This paper describes and evaluates Torii, a layer-two data center network fabric protocol. The main features of Torii are being fully distributed, scalable, fault-tolerant and with automatic setup. Torii is based on multiple, tree-based, topological MAC addresses that are used for table-free forwarding over multiple equal-cost paths, and it is capable of rerouting frames around failed links on the fly without needing a central fabric manager for any function. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first protocol that does not require the exchange of periodic messages to work under normal conditions and to recover from link failures, as Torii exchanges messages just once. Moreover, another important characteristic of Torii is that it is compatible with a wide range of data center topologies. Simulation results show an excellent distribution of traffic load and latencies, similar to shortest path protocols

Torii: Multipath Distributed Ethernet Fabric Protocol for Data Centers with Zero-Loss Path Repair

This paper describes and evaluates Torii, a layer-two data center network fabric protocol. The main features of Torii are being fully distributed, scalable, fault-tolerant and with automatic setup. Torii is based on multiple, tree-based, topological MAC addresses that are used for table-free forwarding over multiple equal-cost paths, and it is capable of rerouting frames around failed links on the fly without needing a central fabric manager for any function. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first protocol that does not require the exchange of periodic messages to work under normal conditions and to recover from link failures, as Torii exchanges messages just once. Moreover, another important characteristic of Torii is that it is compatible with a wide range of data center topologies. Simulation results show an excellent distribution of traffic load and latencies, similar to shortest path protocols

Arte y estrategia: el caso de la industria de la moda en Colombia

Nowadays a bigger interest in Fashion has developed in Colombia, which is why it can be interesting to study some companies from the fashion industry, to propose a concept that will allow us to explain the management strategies used through the study of cases like Onda del Mar, Leonisa, and Silvia Tcherassi. Through book consultation and interviews, we get to triangulate the information and determine a contrast between theory and actual business reality.En los últimos años, la industria de la moda ha sido estudiada de manera recurrente por el campo de la dirección estratégica. Un buen número de casos de estudio ha permitido abordar, entre otros, temas de modelos de negocios, estrategias de internacionalización, capacidades dinámicas, etc. En este artículo se presenta un análisis de la industria de la moda en Colombia, específicamente las empresas Onda del Mar, Leonisa y Silvia Tcherassi, firmas reconocidas en el sector. El análisis de los casos permite concluir que la gestión de la industria de la moda no se basa solo en creatividad, sino que requiere de elementos de innovación en productos, mercados, procesos que garanticen la permanencia de las empresas en el tiempo

Implementing ARP-Path Low Latency Bridges in NetFPGA

The demo is focused on the implementation of ARP-Path (a.k.a. FastPath) bridges, a recently proposed concept for low latency bridges. ARP-Path Bridges rely on the race between broadcast ARP Request packets, to discover the minimum latency path to the destination host. Several implementations (in Omnet++, Linux, OpenFlow, NetFPGA) have shown that ARP-Path exhibits loop-freedom, does not block links, is fully transparent to hosts and neither needs a spanning tree protocol to prevent loops nor a link state protocol to obtain low latency paths. This demo compares our hardware implementation on NetFPGA to bridges running STP, showing that ARP-Path finds lower latency paths than STP.Comunidad de MadridJunta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Manch

Implementción de servicios de Zentyal Server

Zentyal server es una distribución Linux/GNU que permite una adecuada gestión de servicios como DHCP, DNS controlador de dominios, proxy no transparente, cortafuegos, VPN entre otros, con una interface muy amigable y además con bastante documentación sobre su uso y configuración, este documento busca explicar su instalación además de su adecuada configuración para los servicios mencionados.Zentyal server is a Linux / GNU distribution that allows proper management of services such as DHCP, DNS, domain controller, non-transparent proxy, firewall, VPN, among others, with a very friendly interface and also with a lot of documentation on its use and configuration, This document seeks to explain its installation in addition to its adequate configuration for specific services