91 research outputs found

    An empirical overview of the No Free Lunch Theorem and its effect on Real-World Machine Learning Classification

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    A sizable amount of research has been done to improve the mechanisms for knowledge extraction such as machine learning classification or regression. Quite unintuitively, the no free lunch (NFL) theorem states that all optimization problem strategies perform equally well when averaged over all possible problems. This fact seems to clash with the effort put forth toward better algorithms. This letter explores empirically the effect of the NFL theorem on some popular machine learning classification techniques over real-world data sets.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Performance enhancement of WLAN IEEE 802.11 for asymmetric traffic

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    Most studies about the performance of IEEE 802.11 consider scenarios of ad-hoc topology and networks where all stations have the same traffic load (symmetric traffic conditions). This paper presents a study of performance parameters of more realistic networks. We focus the attention on WLAN with infrastructure networks, where the traffic distribution is asymmetric. In this case, the traffic load at the access point is much heavier than that at user stations. These studies are more realistic because most nowadays installed WLAN are infrastructure topology type, due to the fact that they are used as access networks. In this case, the access point has to retransmit all incoming traffic to the basic service set and therefore its traffic load is higher. Finally, the paper presents the tuning of the contention window, taken from IEEE 802.11e, used to increase the system performance under asymmetric traffic conditions, and the proposal of an adaptive algorithm to adapt the MAC layer settings to the system traffic load.Peer Reviewe

    Performance enhancement of outdoor IEEE 802.11 cellular networks

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    Most studies about the performance of IEEE 802.11 are limited to a single cell environment. Nevertheless, the idea of designing an outdoor cellular network based on WLAN IEEE 802.11 results very attractive, due to the several advantages that this technology presents: the low cost of the equipment, its operation in unlicensed spectrum and its higher data rates. If we compare the system performance in a cellular environment with its behavior in a single cell environment, we observe that its performance decreases considerably with the growth of the transmission data rate employed and due to co-channel interference. In this paper, we propose some enhancement mechanisms, in order to reduce the interference influence on network performance. Moreover, we study the viability of using sectorised antennas at the access points. We present its performance under different load conditions and compare this behavior with the results obtained in an isolated single cell environment, which has no interference.Peer Reviewe

    Análisis del protocolo IEEE 802.11b en un entorno celular

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    In this paper we present an analysis of the protocol IEEE 802.11b in different environments. Its performance in an indoor environment is evaluated, in terms of throughput and transmission delay, and the influence of the beacon period is analyzed. On the other hand, a possible technique to improve the throughput and transmission delay is exposed, and the importance of the contention windows value is studied to improve performance in presence of asymmetric data traffic. Finally the protocols characteristics in outdoors environments are explained and its performance is studied, in terms of throughput and transmission delay.Peer Reviewe

    Propuesta ambiental de protección y reforestación de la cuenca del río Subia en el municipio de Silvania departamento de Cundinamarca.

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    Realizar una propuesta ambiental de la Ronda Hídrica de la cuenca del Rio Subía, del municipio de Silvania Cundinamarca.El departamento de Cundinamarca en su Plan de Desarrollo CUNDINAMARCA CALIDAD DE VIDA 2012-2015, contempla la Sostenibilidad y Ruralidad como principio de relación armónica entre el ser humano, el ambiente y su entorno, desarrollando un territorio rural y urbano funcional, un ambiente natural, construido a partir de la comprensión de su valor ecológico biodiverso, paisajístico y productivo. Garantizando el derecho al ambiente con calidad de vida para la población, preservando la oferta de bienes ambientales con especial enfásis en las áreas de interés hídrico, para lo cual se incorporan principios de apropiación educación ambiental, identidad cultural, responsabilidad y sensibilización, promoviendo la participación ciudadana y su interacción con las instituciones en la gestión ambiental. La corporación autónoma de Cundinamarca CAR, orienta a los entes territoriales y a la comunidad en general, con la información técnica generada a través de los planes de Ordenación y Manejo de Cuencas, cartografía, análisis de suelos y ejerce como máxima autoridad ambiental en su jurisdicción, ejecutando políticas, planes, programas y proyectos ambientales, a través de la construcción de tejido social, para contribuir al desarrollo sostenible y armónico de la región

    Agar de capa delgada: una opción costoefectiva para el diagnóstico rápido de tuberculosis multirresistente

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    Objetivo Realizar un análisis de costo efectividad comparando el método de cultivo en agar de capa delgada y el método estándar de proporciones múltiples, utilizados en el diagnóstico de Tuberculosis Multi-drogorresistente (TB MDR).Métodos Estudio de evaluación económica en el cual se evalúan los costos y la efectividad de dos pruebas diagnósticas, ejecutado en la Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas-CIB en Medellín, Colombia.Resultados Se evaluaron 100 pacientes, encontrando una prevalencia de resistencia a la Rifampicina de 10,8 % y resistencia a Isoniazida de 14,3 %. Se presenta un análisis en términos de costo-efectividad mediante el diseño de un árbol de decisiones (Treeage Pro®), resultando ser la prueba basada en cultivo en agar de capa delgada más costo-efectiva; con valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y predictivos del 100 % para detectar resistencia a Rifampicina e Isoniazida. El valor del método de las proporciones múltiples fue calculado en US71,conunamediadetiempoparaserreportadode49dıˊasversusUS 71, con una media de tiempo para ser reportado de 49 días versus US 18 y 14 días respectivamente para el cultivo en agar de capa delgada.Discusión Se han desarrollado nuevas tecnologías para el diagnóstico de Tuberculosis, aparentemente más rápidas y efectivas, que deben ser evaluadas no solo en sus características operativas, sino también en términos de costo-efectividad. El presente estudio establece que el empleo de la capa delgada es menos costoso, igualmente efectivo, y puede aportar resultados más rápidamente; cuando se compara con el método tradicional. Esto implica, entre otros aspectos, que el paciente pueda recibir más oportunamente el tratamiento dirigido para TB MDR

    Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

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    Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease
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