Patrimonio inmaterial en el Ecuador. Una construcción colectiva

Las tradiciones, en contextos de fragilidades geopolíticas, se han visto afectadas por prácticas oculturizantes. Estas, unidas al consumismo y al mercantilismo, pasan, de manera silenciosa, a la trastienda del imperio monocultural. Con la Declaratoria del Patrimonio Inmaterial realizada en la convención de París, en 2003, y ratificada por Ecuador en 2005, se crea una mayor conciencia sobre la importancia de salvaguardar la memoria social y patrimonio colectivo de los pueblos. El presente texto documenta la participación ciudadana en esa tarea de cuidar los saberes y prácticas que son parte de la vida cotidiana de las comunidades, ciudades, pueblos y colectivos; por tanto, parte del patrimonio inmaterial y legado cultural para las presentes y futuras generaciones. Desde la academia, con actores de pueblos, docentes y funcionarios públicos, este libro reflexiona sobre el tema. Frente al inexistente diálogo y pese a la poca documentación existente, este diálogo se convierte en una antesala para la concreación de la Ley Orgánica de Cultura con régimen especial para el patrimonio cultural inmaterial en el Ecuador (2016) y su reglamento (2017). Con esto, la política pública habilita la gestión responsable en torno al cuidado del patrimonio inmaterial en el país

Permian woods with preserved primary structures from the southeast of Brazil (Irati Formation, Parana basin)

CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOThis research described fossil woods with preserved pith and primary xylem from strata of the Irati Formation (Artinskian) of the Parana Basin (southeastern Brazil). The three specimens studied are all related to the Coniferales and include the following98385401CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOSEM INFORMAÇÃO2009/10547-12013/11563-6The authors would like to acknowledge the collaboration with Margarita Ricardi Torres (Botanical Garden Center, ULA, Mérida, Venezuela, in memoriam), Alexandra Crisafulli (Facultad de Palaeobio Palaeoenv (2018) 98:385–401 399 Ciencias Exactas y Naturale

Nutrient digestibility, organ morphometry and performance in vaccinated or non-vaccinated Lawsonia intracellularis infected piglets

Abstract Background Lawsonia intracellularis is one of the world’s most important infectious diseases in pork production with regard to economic losses. So far, studies are missing that describe the effects of a natural infection of piglets on the digestibility of nutrients, possible effects on performance and the morphometrics of the intestine depending on whether piglets are vaccinated, clinically healthy or clinically affected with regard to Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea. Results Digestibility studies were performed on a total of 27 eight-week-old piglets with naturally occurring Lawsonia intracellularis infection in a trial with three repetitions. Nine out of 27 animals were vaccinated as suckling pigs with a commercial Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine (vac; Enterisol®Ileitis). Half of the remaining 18 animals were without clinical signs of infection (non-vac/cs-), half showed moderate clinical signs of Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea (non-vac/cs+). All three groups were fed one identical complete diet ad libitum. Faecal shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis was found in all groups (25 out of 27 animals). Numerically, the mean excretion in the group non-vac/cs + (7.69 ± 1.65 log10 copies/ g faeces) was higher in comparison to the group non-vac/cs- (5.83 ± 2.35 log10 copies/ g faeces) and vaccinated animals (vac: 6.00 ± 2.89log10 copies/ g faeces). The average daily weight gain (ADG; Ø 8.66 day period) differed significantly (vac: 894a ± 73.3, non-vac/cs-: 857ab ± 86.3, non-vac/cs+: 785b ± 137 g/day). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen was significantly lower in clinically affected animals (vac: 83.0a ± 1.72, non-vac/cs-: 83.9a ± 2.03, non-vac/cs+: 80.7b ± 2.57).The total length of the small intestine in clinically affected animals increased significantly (vac: 15.9ab ± 1.57, non-vac/cs-: 14.6b ± 1.12, non-vac/cs+: 16.2a ± 1.37 m). The relative body weight depending on the length of the small intestine was lower for clinically affected animals (vac: 1.72a ± 0.21, non-vac/cs-: 1.83a ± 0.17, non-vac/cs+: 1.56b ± 0.12 kg/m). Conclusion These studies show that clinically moderate L. intracellularis infections lead to significantly lower ADGs in comparison to vaccinated animals. The disease is also found in altered intestinal morphometry and reduced total N digestibility if clinical signs occur

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present