ANTIOXIDANT AND IMMUNOSTIMULATING ACTIVITY OF POLYSACCHARIDES EXTRACTED FROM CUBED-SNAILFISH (Liparis tessellatus Gilbert & Burke, 1912) EGGS

An optimized enzymatic extraction using protamexTM was established for polysaccharides from Liparis tesellatus eggs (PLE). Total sugars, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, uronic acids, and hexosamines content of PLE were 43.2%, 9.0%, 23.9%, and 1.73%, respectively. Superoxide radical (SOx*) scavenging activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) scavenging activity of PLE was tested to proof its antioxidant properties. Results on SOx* scavenging activity revealed that PLE has antioxidant activity although it’s not surpass the activity of Ascorbic acid as standard. DPPH* scavenging activity showed that PLE has activity increasing at a concentration-dependent manner. However, at 1.25 mg/ml, the anti-DPPH activities of PLE lowered, possibly due to the pro-oxidant action of the sample. PLE also has effects on NO production of RAW 264.7 cells, suggestive of their possible immunostimulating potential in the human body. On human keratinocyte (HaCaT cell line), HT29 and AGS cells lines, PLE was proofed has no toxicity and showed proliferative effects. This effect showed that PLE could have potency as wound healing promoter. An inference can be made that, PLE has indispensable antioxidant potencies as well as cell proliferating activities on specific cell lines which are deemed necessary in the field of medicine and their utilization as functional food supplements. Keywords: Antioxidant, Fish eggs, Immunostimulator, Liparis tessellatus, Polysaccharides

Genetic Variation Within Four Captive Chital (Axis axis) Populations in Indonesia

Chital is a native animal from South Asia. Chital had been introduced to many countries, including Indonesia. Chital was first introduced to Indonesia in 1811 at Bogor Palace and since had been kept captive around Indonesia. Currently, no research had been done concerning the genetic variation of Indonesian chital. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship of chital from Pusat Inovasi Agroteknologi Universitas Gadjah Mada (PIAT UGM), Prambanan Temple, Gembira Loka Zoo, and Bogor Palace, based on mitochondrial D-loop fragment. This study used a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. DNA was extracted from faecal samples and amplified with L15995 and H16498 primers. The analysis used for this research were genetic variations, haplotype networking, and phylogenetic relationships between populations. This study detected 5 haplotypes out of 20 sequences with 10 polymorphic sites and 2 indels. The haplotype diversity and the nucleotide diversity were 0.443 and 0.002 respectively, and the genetic distance was between 0 and 2.03% (average 0.55%). This research also showed one main haplotype, labelled as haplotype 1, which consisted of all individuals from PIAT and Prambanan Temple, four individuals from Bogor Palace, and one individual from Gembira Loka. This grouping proves that the majority of chital population in Indonesia came from Bogor Palace. One individual from Gembira Loka has a considerable genetic divergence from the rest of the samples, which might indicate it originated from a different source population.

PENGUATAN INDUSTRI BIBIT UNGGAS NASIONAL MELALUI PRODUKSIINDUKAN GAMA AYAM LOKAL UNGGUL

Chicks production in Indonesia is dominated by broiler. However Indonesia has many kind of local chicks, and one of them is pelung\u27s. Low local chicks productivity make local chicks meat supply is lower than broiler in Indonesia &#9794chicks market. One way to increase local chicks productivity is to cross breeding between pelung\u27s and broiler. Previous breeding produce DOC that has increased weigth but has fenotipe like broiler. Hence backcross breeding was needed to obtain a chicks generation that has uniform fenotipe and good growth performance. The method was to backcrossed beetwen. &#9792. BC, brownishx &#9794F,redand &#9792BC,old brown x &#9794F, red. DOC thatproduce fromthis breeding was maintaincedfor 7weeks.Theresult of DOC average weigth from &#9792BC,brownishx &#9794F, red is 1129,6 gram and DOC average weigth from &#9792BC, old brown x &#9794F, red is 901,3gram. Entirety from &#9792BC, brownish x &#9794F,red birthchickshas 100%brown feathers with various colour like blackish brown, old brown and brownish black, while &#9792BC,old brown x &#9794F, red birth chicks has 50% brown and 50% black with various colour like brownish, old black and brownish black. &#9792BC, brownish x &#9794F, red DOC has various feet colour is 60% white and 40% yellow. While &#9792BC, old brown x &#9794F, red DOC has various feet colour is 40% white, 40% grey dan 20% yellow. It could be revealed that the breeding result increased a DOC weight with fenotipe like local chicks

PERILAKU NURI BAYAN (Eclectus roratus) TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KOMPOSISI KOLONI DENGAN USIA YANG BERBEDA

Penangkaran penting dilakukan untuk mencegah kepunahan burung bayan yang dilindungi dan banyak dimanfaatkan. Pemeliharaan menentukan keberhasilan dari program penjodohan burung. Salah satunya, pola koloni atau pola pasangan. Selain itu, keberhasilan penangkaran tidak lepas dari aspek pakan dan perilaku. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mengetahui respon koloni nuri bayan terhadap penambahan bayan jantan dewasa yang ditinjau dari aspek perilaku dan pakan. Variabel yang diamati adalah perilaku harian, preferensi pakan, serta konsumsi pakan koloni nuri bayan sebelum dan setelah penambahan bayan jantan dewasa. Nuri bayan yang digunakan sebanyak enam ekor yang terdiri dari 2 ekor jantan dan 4 ekor betina. Pengamatan perilaku harian koloni burung bayan dilakukan di Penangkaran Burung, Pusat Penelitian Biologi-LIPI dengan metode scan sampling dan pencatatan dengan metode instantaneous recording. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 16 hari dengan 2 periode, yaitu kontrol dan perlakuan penambahan bayan jantan (8 hari kontrol dan 8 hari perlakuan) mulai pukul 07.30‒15.30 WIB. Penentuan preferensi dan jumlah konsumsi pakan dilakukan dengan penimbangan sisa setiap jenis pakan. Rata-rata suhu dan kelembaban masing-masing pada pukul 07.30 WIB yaitu 25.78 ℃ dan 65.00%, pada pukul 12.00 WIB yaitu 31.65 ℃ dan 42.83%, serta pada pukul 15.30 WIB yaitu 30.65 ℃ dan 44.83%. Koloni burung bayan dengan perlakuan memiliki frekuensi perilaku bertengger, makan, terbang, memanjat, dan interaksi sosial yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan koloni bayan kontrol. Total rata-rata bahan pakan yang dikonsumsi koloni bayan kontrol berdasarkan berat kering sebanyak 145,24 g/koloni/hari, sedangkan pada koloni dengan perlakuan sebesar 154,56 g/koloni/hari. Bahan pakan yang paling disukai oleh koloni bayan adalah jagung dan jumlah konsumsi pakan koloni bayan perlakuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan koloni bayan kontrol

BIOL4115 - Biologi Sel

Mata kuliah ini memberikan dasar pengetahuan mengenai konsep umum biologi sel, virus, sel prokariota dan eukariota, struktur dan fungsi organel-organel sel, membran plasma, ribosom, mikrotubulus dan mikrofilamen, retikulum endoplasma, kompleks golgi, lisosom, mitokondria, kloroplas, nukleus, dan matriks ekstra sel. Dengan mempelajari mata kuliah ini, mahasiswa diharapkan memiliki kemampuan untuk menjelaskan struktur suatu sel, fungsi komponen-komponen penyusun sel, dan mekanisme kegiatan-kegiatan yang terjadi di dalam sel

Seasonal variations of nutritional components in cockles (Tegillarca granosa) processed from the Southern Coast of Korea

Cockles (Tegillarca granosa) species that found throughout the Indo-Pacific region and this study was conducted in South Korea from late autumn (November 2015) through early spring (April 2016). The proximate composition, mineral content, free amino acid, and fatty acid (FA) profiles and the nutritional quality of the cockles were studied at different stages during the processing. The contents of protein (11.7–13.9/100 g), lipids (1.1–2.5/100 g) and ash (1.6–2.7/100 g) varied significantly (p < 0.05) based on seasonal variations and processing steps. Taurine, glutamic acid, lysine and arginine were the most abundant amino acids in the amino acid profiles. All samples contained limited concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cd, As, and Co. The FA profiles showed that n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were the major fatty acids (28.7–37.0% of total FA, which was predominantly DHA and EPA (7.9–17.4%). Saturated FA (SFA) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA) levels were also observed throughout the experiment, as well as n − 3/n − 6 and PUFA/SFA ratios. The data obtained from this study may be useful to indicate the periods of the harvest season more suitable for consumption and the importance of processing chain on quality of cockle

Effect of ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi, Drasche 1884) tunics carotenoids on enhancing growth and muscle coloring of sea-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)

A 120 days trial was conducted to investigate the effect of sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi, Drasche 1884) tunic’s carotenoid to sea-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) growth and muscle color. Sea-rearing was done at Tongyeong sea area, Korea. Three dietary treatments, namely control (C), CT, and AT, were administered to 6 groups of fish (n = 490-520). C was given basal diet which has contained 40 mg kg−1 of astaxanthin. A further inclusion of 10 mg kg−1 canthaxanthin was added to diet of CT, while AT’s feed was supplemented with 10 mg kg−1 H. roretzi tunics carotenoids extract. The result revealed that AT has the highest final weight (1119.2 ± 82.4 g) compare to those of C (881.0 ± 121.2 g) and CT (1068.2 ± 4.3 g). The specific growth rate (SGR) of AT (1.0 ± 0.07%/day) was significantly higher than C (0.7 ± 0.22%/day) and CT (0.7 ± 0.25%/day) while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were 1.5 ± 0.6, 1.4 ± 0.6, and 1.2 ± 0.1 for C, CT and AT respectively. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) and Viscerosomatic index (VSI) of all groups showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The muscle color was also positively affected by the treatments, CT and AT were significantly different from C (p < 005). The initial muscle color score was 1.7 ± 0.0 and the final scores were 3.4 ± 0.2, 5.6 ± 0.1, and 5.7 ± 0.0 for C, CT, and AT respectively. Moreover, muscle carotenoids content of AT (8.5 ± 0.2 mg kg−1) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of CT (6.9 ± 0.3 mg kg−1) and C (6.1 ± 0.2 mg kg−1). Astaxanthin evidently is the most prominent carotenoid present in the muscle from all groups