Analysis of The Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Adee Cake During Storage

Abstract: Cake is a wet food product made by baking dough from flour, sugar, eggs, milk, fat, and other additives. Adee cake is one of the typical foods marketed in the Pidie area, which is very famous and becomes one of the foods as souvenirs. The problem faced with this cake is the shelf life and quality of the cake. Therefore, this research was carried out about the physicochemical properties of Adee cake during the storage process and to observe the sensory properties. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a non-factorial pattern, namely storage time consisting of (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days) with three repetitions. Further tests of DMRT will follow the analysis of variance ANOVA in this study. The results of the hardness analysis obtained an average of 51.43 gf. The color analysis showed that the average coefficient value was 111 on the top and 252 on the inside showing a very significant difference. Chemical analysis obtained the average, namely, water content 39.30%, ash content 0.79%, fat content 7.94%, protein content 1.82%, crude fiber content 0.70%, and carbohydrates 49.76%, showed a very significant difference (P≤0.01). The organoleptic test analysis (hedonic) obtained the average, namely, color 3.63, texture 3.29, flavor 3.64, taste 3.30, and overall 3.46 showed a very significant difference (P≤0.01).Abstrak: Cake merupakan salah satu produk makanan semi-basah yang dibuat dengan pemanggangan adonan dari tepung, gula, telur, susu, lemak dan bahan tambahan lainnya. Cake adee ini merupakan salah satu makanan khas yang dipasarkan di daearah Pidie, yang sangat terkenal dan menjadi salah satu makanan sebagai oleh-oleh, problem yang dihadapi pada cake ini adalah masa simpan dan kualitas dari kue tersebut, oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian tentang  sifat fisikokimia kue Adee selama proses penyimpanan dan mengamati sifat sensorisnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pola non faktorial yaitu lama penyimpanan yang terdiri dari (0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari) dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Selanjutnya uji DMRT akan mengikuti analisis varians ANOVA pada penelitian ini. Hasil analisis kekerasan diperoleh rata-rata 51,43 gf, hasil analisis warna menunjukkan nilai koefisien rata-rata 111 pada bagian atas dan 252 pada bagian dalam menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat signifikan. Analisis kimia diperoleh rata-rata kadar air 39,30%, kadar abu 0,79%, kadar lemak 7,94%, kadar protein 1,82%, kadar serat kasar 0,70%, dan karbohidrat 49,76%, menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P≤0,01). Uji organoleptik (hedonik) diperoleh rata-rata yaitu warna 3,63, tekstur 3,29, rasa 3,64, rasa 3,30, dan keseluruhan 3,46 menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P≤0,01)

Chemical constituents of Rennelua Elliptica: The Malaysian ginseng / Nor Hadiani Ismail, Rohaya Ahmad and Faridahanim Mohd Jaafar

Rennellia ellitpica Korth. is a tropical shrub that can be found in lowland tropical rainforest in Malaysia. It is locally known as 'segemuk' and dubbed as Malaysia Ginseng due to the resemblance between roots of R. elliptica and roots of ginseng, as well as its many traditional uses. The decoction of the roots of this plant is traditionally used as treatment of body aches, as afterbirth tonic and also being claimed as aphrodisiac. The dried roots of R. elliptica that were previously collected from Taman Negara Kuala Keniam, Pahang were successively extracted using hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The dichloromethane extract were absorbed onto acid washed silica (previously shaken with 4% oxalic acid, filtered and activated at 89 °C) and introduced to acid washed silica gel bed (60 cm X 5 cm) eluted with series of solvents, comprising of various compositions of hexanedichloromethane and dichloromethane-methanol in increasing polarity. Further isolation and purification utilizing various chromatographic procedures followed by careful analysis of spectral data including MS, IR, UV, 1D and 2D NMR as well as x-ray crystallography lead to identification of one new anthraquinone, 1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (1) along with ten known anthraquinones namely nordamnacanthal (2), 2-formyl-3-hydroxy-9.10- anthraquinone (3), damnacanthal (4), 1-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (5), lucidin-cj-methyl ether (6), 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (7), rubiadin (8), 2- hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (9), rubiadin-1-methyl ether (10) and 3- hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (11). The dichloromethane crude extract and the anthraquinones were screened for antiplasmodial activity in vitro. The dichloromethane extract inhibited the Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro with IC50 value of 4.04 (jg/ml while most of anthraquinones tested were active inhibitors and the strongest inhibitor was shown by 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone with IC500.34|jM. The new anthraquinone, 1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone is an active inhibitor with IC50 value of 1.10 |jM

FLAVONOID DISTRIBUTION IN FOUR VARIETIES OF Ficus deltoidea (JACK)

We have previously reported the antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of the aqueous extract of four varieties of Ficus deltoidea (Fd) (Moraceae) namely var kunstleri (Fdvk), var angustifolia (Fdva), var deltoidea (Fdvd) and var intermedia (Fdvi). In this study, flavonoid constituents in aqueous leaf and fig extracts of the four varieties were analyzed and characterized using liquid chromatography mass spectrometer quadrupole-time of flight (LCMS-Q-TOF) via hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) technique. The HCA dendrogram revealed that the abundant flavonoids among the eight samples are epicatechin, quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin 5,4'-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, myricetin and naringenin. The study found that the distribution of the flavonoids differed between the four varieties and varied within the plant parts. To date, the flavonoid distribution of the different plant parts of the four varieties has not been documented. A positive correlation was observed between flavonoid constituents present and radical scavenging activities of the aqueous extracts.Â

Tax fraud indicators / Rohaya Md Noor … [et al.]

This paper examines data of companies subjected to tax investigation during the tax years of 2001 to 2005 to detect the financial ratio associated with tax evasion. Using the financial ratio analysis, the objective of this study is to investigate the possible indicators of fraudulent financial reporting for tax evasion. Six financial ratios applied to a final sample of 73 companies. Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques are used to identify the indicators of fraud financial reporting. Based on the ordinary least square model, this study provides empirical evidence that the ratio of sales, working capital and debts over total assets, are significantly associated with the companies’ tax evasion. Hence, the findings imply that these ratios can be used by tax offices in their investigation as a predictor of fraud financial reporting for tax evasion purposes. The results therefore demonstrate that the findings could be of assistance to tax authorities in their effort to identify the possibility of tax evasion

Performance analysis of Message Passing Interface collective communication on intel xeon quad-core gigabit ethernet and infiniband clusters

The performance of MPI implementation operations still presents critical issues for high performance computing systems, particularly for more advanced processor technology. Consequently, this study concentrates on benchmarking MPI implementation on multi-core architecture by measuring the performance of Open MPI collective communication on Intel Xeon dual quad-core Gigabit Ethernet and InfiniBand clusters using SKaMPI. It focuses on well known collective communication routines such as MPI-Bcast, MPI-AlltoAll, MPI-Scatter and MPI-Gather. From the collection of results, MPI collective communication on InfiniBand clusters had distinctly better performance in terms of latency and throughput. The analysis indicates that the algorithm used for collective communication performed very well for all message sizes except for MPI-Bcast and MPI-Alltoall operation of inter-node communication. However, InfiniBand provides the lowest latency for all operations since it provides applications with an easy to use messaging service, compared to Gigabit Ethernet, which still requests the operating system for access to one of the server communication resources with the complex dance between an application and a network

ANALISA KESADARAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN STYROFOAM PADA ANAK SEKOLAH MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH NEGERI 1 BANDA ACEH

Penggunaan kemasan plastik sebagai bahan kemasan pada makanan memerlukan perhatian khusus terhadap siswa di sekolah yang berada di Banda Aceh. Salah satu kemasan yang digunakan adalah styrofoam. Penggunaan kemasan styrofoam sangat banyak terutama pada pembungkus makanan, hal ini sangat dikhawatirkan apabila digunakan pada makanan yang kondisinya panas sehingga kemasan tersebut dapat bereaksi dan menghasilkan senyawa karsinogenik. Kemasan ini sangat sering digunakan oleh penjual dikarenakan mudah, ringan dan murah, namun dari sisi kesehatan menunjukkan bahwa kemasan ini kurang baik digunakan pada kemasan bahan pangan yang panas karena akan bereaksi dengan kandungan polimernya. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara sosialisasi bahaya penggunaan kemasan plastik terutama bahan dasar styrofoam pada siswa sekolah MTSN 1 Banda Aceh. Data yang dihasilkan sebelum dilakukan sosialisasi, hampir 79% siswa tersebut memahami terhadap penggunaan plastik terutama styrofoam, setelah sosialisasi dan hasil survey yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa 83% siswa menjadi paham terhadap bahaya penggunaan styrofoam, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil ini menjadi dasar siswa dalam memahami terhadap penggunaan kemasan styrofoam. Kata kunci: styrofoam, plastik, kemasan, sosialisasi, sekolah, survey ABSTRACT The use of plastic packaging as packaging material for food requires special attention to students in schools in Banda Aceh. One of the packaging used is Styrofoam. The use of styrofoam packaging is very much, especially in food packaging. They used Styrofoam on hot food so that the packaging could react and produce carcinogenic compounds. Sellers often use this packaging because it is easy, light, and cheap, but from a health perspective, it shows that this packaging is not suitable for use in hot food packaging because it will react with the polymer content. This service is carried out by socializing the dangers of using plastic packaging, especially the primary material of Styrofoam, to students at MTSN 1 Banda Aceh. The data generated before the socialization was carried out, almost 79% of these students understood the use of plastic, especially Styrofoam, after socialization and the results of the survey conducted showed that 83% of students became aware of the dangers of using Styrofoam, this indicates that these results are the basis for students to understand the use of styrofoam packaging. Keywords: styrofoam, plastic, packaging, socialization, school, surve

1,3-Dihydr­oxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-di­hydro­anthracene-2-carbaldehyde

The title compound, C15H8O5, also known as nordamnacanthal, was isolated from the Malaysian Morinda citrifolia L. The 20 non-H atoms are coplanar. The structure is stabilized by intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming bilayers of mol­ecular tapes with alternating stacking directions along the a axis

1-Hydr­oxy-2-meth­oxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone from Rennellia elliptica Korth.

The title compound, C16H12O4, exists as planar molecules in the solid state (r.m.s. deviation of 0.02 Å in one mol­ecule and 0.07 Å in the second independent mol­ecule comprising the asymmetric unit). In each mol­ecule, the 1-hydr­oxy group forms an intra­molecular hydrogen bond to the adjacent carbonyl O atom

Rauniticine-allo-oxindole B methanol monosolvate

The title penta­cyclic oxindole alkadoid, isolated from Uncaria longiflora, crystallizes as a methanol solvate, C20H22N2O4·CH4O. The five-membered ring comprising the indole fused ring is nearly planar [maximum atomic deviation = 0.031 (2) Å], whereas the five-membered ring having alphatic C atoms adopts an envelope shape (with the tertiary N atom representing the flap). The six-membered ring that shares an N atom with the envelope-shaped ring adopts a chair shape; the six-membered ring having an O atom is sofa-shaped. The carb­oxy­lic acid group acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to a methanol mol­ecule; this, in turn, acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to the double-bond carboxyl O atom of an adjacent mol­ecule, generating a chain. Adjacent chains are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer motif