A Simulation Study of Medium Access Control Protocols of Wireless Networks

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Rohan Uddhav Patel on May 8, 2008

A review- Recent research on microsponge a novel new drug delivery system

Microsponge is recent novel technique for control release and target specific drug delivery system. Therefore many scientist or researcher attracted towards the microsponge drug delivery system. Also Microsponge technology has been introduced in topical drug products to facilitate the controlled release of active drug into the skin in order to reduce systemic exposure and minimize local cutaneous reactions to active drugs. More and more developments in delivery systems are being integrated to optimize the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the therapy. Microsponge technology offers entrapment of ingredients and is believed to contribute towards reduced side effects, improved stability, increased elegance, and enhanced formulation flexibility. In addition, numerous studies have confirmed that microsponge systems are non-irritating, non-mutagenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. Microsponge drug delivery system technology is being used currently in cosmetics, over-the-counter (OTC) skin care, sunscreens and prescription products

Low Thrust Transfers Between Periodic Orbits in the Earth-Moon Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem

With growing interest in cislunar exploration, the importance of trajectory design in this environment has become prevalent. The Circular Restricted Three Body Problem (CR3BP) offers a useful dynamical model to incorporate the gravitational influence from the Earth and Moon in this regime. Several fundamental solutions exist in this model that are beneficial for trajectory design. One type of motion is periodic orbits that are repeating with respect to the motion of the Earth and Moon about the system barycenter. A wide variety of stable and unstable periodic orbits have been identified around equilibrium points and both celestial bodies. Transfers between periodic orbits can help facilitate cislunar exploration objectives for human spaceflight, space domain awareness, and science missions. Thus, this thesis focuses on designing transfers for low thrust spacecraft between periodic orbits in the Earth-Moon CR3BP. Insights of the dynamics are leveraged along with strategies to form initial guess transfer paths between two periodic orbits. Shooting schemes are employed to produce continuous transfers for each initial guess, and continuation is used compute potentially many transfers of interest. Finally, direct optimization is used to compute locally fuel-optimal transfers. The process of identifying potential initial guess paths, recovering a continuous solution, and ultimately an optimal trajectory is shown to be an effective method to find transfers between periodic orbits. Example cases are demonstrated between subsets of the L1 and L2 halo periodic orbit family and a near rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) to a distant retrograde orbit (DRO) in the Earth-Moon system.</p

Role of doppler in fetal growth restriction

Background: Fetal growth restriction is an important and particularly challenging problem for modern obstetricians and paediatricians. The present study is to correlate the importance of Doppler velocimetry and perinatal outcome in cases of growth restricted foetuses by comparing perinatal outcome of control & study groups with normal and abnormal Doppler waveforms.Methods: A study and a control group comprising of 50 pregnant women having growth restricted foetuses in each group was matched for all other confounding factors except for Doppler changes. These patients were followed up and the perinatal outcomes of FGR foetuses having Doppler changes was compared with those having normal Doppler studies.Results: In our study, alteration in both MCA and UmbA Doppler was associated with perinatal morbidity and NICU admissions in 64% and mortality in 28%. Doppler changes showing altered CPR less than 1 had adverse outcome with NICU admission in 61% and mortality in 34%. Alteration in DV Doppler was associated with perinatal morbidity and NICU admissions in 17% cases and mortality in 83% cases, with no pregnancies having a healthy outcome. Among high-risk pregnancies with suspected IUGR, the use of Doppler assessment significantly decreases the likelihood of labor induction, caesarean delivery, and perinatal deaths.Conclusions: Abnormal Doppler waveform changes indicate adverse perinatal outcome of pregnancies with FGR. Doppler study helps to reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity by timely and appropriate interventions

The Barriers to Selecting Optimal Economic Policy in South Korea

Four of the largest conglomerates in Sout h Korea are Samsung Group, Hyundai-KIA Automotive Group, LG Group and SK Telecom. In 2009, the joint market value of the assets these conglomerates owned amounted to aro und half of the South Korean GDP (Wang 2010). Ostensibly, the South Korean economy is dominated by the co nglomerates. Samsung and LG are the two major players in Korea’s electronics industry; Hy undai and KIA are the two major players in the automotive industry. The export dependency (Tot al Exports/GDP) of South Korea is 44.9% and its import dependency (Total Imports/GDP) is 38% (CIA 2010). This indicates that the South Korean economy is highly dependent on global trade as well as on the conglomerates. It has signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the European Union and will ratify FTAs with some of its other trading partners such as China, United States, Japan and Australia (YONHAP News Agency 2010a). It is our view that such changes in trade policy are supported by the conglomerates, which have considerable sway over the govern ment, due to their significant contributions to the economy. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the source and the nature of the impediments the government faces in implementing policies that enable freer trade in South Korea. We do this from the perspective of President Lee My un-bak, who we characterise as a key veto player, as he draws political support from groups that have conflicting agendas

Fetomaternal outcome of thyroid disorder in pregnancy

Background: Thyroid disorders are the commonest endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age group and hence constitute the commonest endocrine disorder in pregnancy. It has been recognized that maternal thyroid hormone in excess or less can influence the outcome for mother and fetus at all stages of pregnancy as well as interfere with ovulation and fertility. Thyroid dysfunction is often overlooked in pregnant women because of the nonspecific symptoms and the hyper metabolic state of pregnancy. Hence thyroid function test becomes essential to know the thyroid status in pregnancy and also to detect the subclinical disease. The aim is to study the fetomaternal outcome of pregnant women with thyroid disorders.Methods: This study is an observational study carried on 500 women coming for antenatal check-up in Tertiary Care Hospital in Ahmedabad from January 2015-December 2015. All women who were included in this study were followed from 18-24 weeks of pregnancy up to delivery.Results: It was observed that the maximum numbers of patients were in 21-25 years (49%) age group. Euthyroid (86%), hyperthyroid (01%), subclinical hyperthyroid (02%), hypothyroid (03%), and subclinical hypothyroid (08%) cases were detected. Neonatal jaundice developed in babies of all hyperthyroid patients, 50% of patients with Subclinical hyperthyroidism, 53% of patients with Hypothyroidism, 60% of patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and 11% of patients with Euthyroid.Conclusions: TSH is the hallmark in detection of thyroid state of pregnant mother, so TSH should be included in the list of routine investigations done in all antenatal women in second trimester. If TSH values are abnormal then FT3 and FT4 levels need to be checked. Trimester specific reference intervals are of utmost importance by which clinicians can reliably evaluate thyroid function and monitor thyroxine replacement therapy in pregnant women

Arthroscopic fixation of anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures: the suture “bridge” pull out technique and evaluation of results

Background: Tibial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fractures are a common injury in children and adolescents. Operative treatment is indicated for type 2, 3 and 4 fractures. Arthroscopic fixation is the preferred method and numerous fixation options are described. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of a new technique of arthroscopic fixation.Methods: A retrospective study was done involving twelve patients having displaced ACL tibial avulsion fractures. The arthroscopic suture “bridge” pull out technique was used to fix these fractures. Patient symptoms like knee pain, locking, clicking, sensation of giving way and clinical signs like tenderness, range of motion, Mc Murray’s test, stability test and Lysholm knee scores were evaluated pre operatively and post operatively at 3 months and 6 months. Patient satisfaction was noted at latest follow up.Results: One patient had type 2, 7 patients had type 3 and 4 patients had type 4 tibial ACL avulsion fractures. All the fractures united and all patients achieved full knee range of motion by 2 months post-operative. The clinical symptoms and signs improved post operatively. The mean Lysholm knee score at 3 months follow up was 88.8 and at 6 months follow up were 98.8. At latest follow up, all the patients were satisfied with their knee function. Conclusions: The arthroscopic suture “bridge” pull out technique is an effective method for fixation of ACL tibial avulsion fractures with respect to knee stability, range of motion and resumption of pre injury activity level