Growth in Children with Cerebral Palsy during five years after Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy: a practice-based study

Background: Overweight is reported as a side effect of SDR. The aims were to study the development of weight, height and body mass index (BMI) during five years after SDR. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal and practice-based study included all 56 children with CP spastic diplegia undergoing SDR from the start in March 1993 to April 2003 in our hospital. The preoperative Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels were I-II in 17, III in 15, IV-V in 24 children. Median age at SDR was 4.3 years (range 2.4-7.4 years). Weight and height/recumbent length were measured. Swedish growth charts for typically developing children generated weight, height and BMI z-scores for age and gender. Results: The preoperative median z-scores were for height-1.92 and for body mass index (BMI)-0.22. Five years later, the median BMI z-score was increased by + 0.57 (p + 2 SD) increased (p < 0.05). Baseline BMI and age at the start of follow-up influenced the BMI change during the five years (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 respectively). The individual growth was highly variable, but a tendency towards increasing stunting with age was seen in severe gross motor dysfunction (GMFCS levels IV-V) and the opposite, a slight catch-up of height in children with walking ability (GMFCS levels I-III). Conclusions: These are the first available subtype-and GMFCS-specific longitudinal growth data for children with CP spastic diplegia. Their growth potential according to these data should be regarded as a minimum, as some children were undernourished. It is unknown whether the spasticity reduction through SDR increased the weight gain velocity, or if the relative weight increase was part of the general "obesity epidemic". For some children the weight increase was highly desirable. In others, it resulted in overweight and obesity with risk of negative health effects. Weight and height should be monitored to enable early prevention of weight aberrations also causing problems with mobility, activity and participation

The comorbidity and co-medication profile of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is usually diagnosed in elderly. Currently, little is known about comorbidities and the co-medication in these patients. Objectives: To explore the pattern of comorbidities and co-medication in PSP patients according to the known different phenotypes and in comparison with patients without neurodegenerative disease. Methods: Cross-sectional data of PSP and patients without neurodegenerative diseases (non-ND) were collected from three German multicenter observational studies (DescribePSP, ProPSP and DANCER). The prevalence of comorbidities according to WHO ICD-10 classification and the prevalence of drugs administered according to WHO ATC system were analyzed. Potential drug–drug interactions were evaluated using AiDKlinik®. Results: In total, 335 PSP and 275 non-ND patients were included in this analysis. The prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and the nervous system was higher in PSP at first level of ICD-10. Dorsopathies, diabetes mellitus, other nutritional deficiencies and polyneuropathies were more frequent in PSP at second level of ICD-10. In particular, the summed prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in PSP patients. More drugs were administered in the PSP group leading to a greater percentage of patients with polypharmacy. Accordingly, the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions was higher in PSP patients, especially severe and moderate interactions. Conclusions: PSP patients possess a characteristic profile of comorbidities, particularly diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The eminent burden of comorbidities and resulting polypharmacy should be carefully considered when treating PSP patients

The comorbidity and co-medication profile of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy

Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is usually diagnosed in elderly. Currently, little is known about comorbidities and the co-medication in these patients. Objectives To explore the pattern of comorbidities and co-medication in PSP patients according to the known different phenotypes and in comparison with patients without neurodegenerative disease. Methods Cross-sectional data of PSP and patients without neurodegenerative diseases (non-ND) were collected from three German multicenter observational studies (DescribePSP, ProPSP and DANCER). The prevalence of comorbidities according to WHO ICD-10 classification and the prevalence of drugs administered according to WHO ATC system were analyzed. Potential drug–drug interactions were evaluated using AiDKlinik®. Results In total, 335 PSP and 275 non-ND patients were included in this analysis. The prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and the nervous system was higher in PSP at first level of ICD-10. Dorsopathies, diabetes mellitus, other nutritional deficiencies and polyneuropathies were more frequent in PSP at second level of ICD-10. In particular, the summed prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in PSP patients. More drugs were administered in the PSP group leading to a greater percentage of patients with polypharmacy. Accordingly, the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions was higher in PSP patients, especially severe and moderate interactions. Conclusions PSP patients possess a characteristic profile of comorbidities, particularly diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The eminent burden of comorbidities and resulting polypharmacy should be carefully considered when treating PSP patients

Opory przepływu przez włókniny filtracyjne z powierzchniową warstwą mikrowłókien stosowane do pyłów drzewnych

Modern nonwoven filter fabrics covered with a microfiber layer make it possible to carry out surface filtration. A dust cake forms only on their upstream side and influences the air flow resistance across the filter. The mode of formation of the flow resistance caused by such a fabric during the separation of very fine wood dust particles was the subject of a comparative investigation using a homogeneous, standard nonwoven filtering fabric. The experiments carried out in a pilotscale pulse-jet bag filter enabled a detailed description of the increase in pressure drop across the dust cake formed during filtering cycles repeated hundreds of times.Based of the results obtained the difference in this filtration parameter betweenpolyester-based nonwoven filter fabrics with a standard and a layered structure with microfiber was also shown.Stosowane w odpylaniu, nowoczesne materiały włókniste z powierzchnią roboczą uformowaną z mikrowłókien, dają możliwości prowadzenia tzw. filtracji powierzchniowej. Warstwa pyłowa tworzy się prawie wyłącznie na ich powierzchni a to w zdecydowanej mierze wpływa na opory przepływu powietrza przez odpylacz. Sposób kształtowania się tych oporów, w porównaniu do filtracji prowadzonej z użyciem materiałów o jednorodnej strukturze przestrzennej na całej grubości, stał się przedmiotem badań laboratoryjnych przy zastosowaniu pyłu drzewnego o bardzo wysokim stopniu rozdrobnienia. Doświadczenia przeprowadzone w tzw. skali zwiększonej dały dokładny obraz przebiegu narastania strat ciśnienia na warstwie pyłowej tworzącej się na przestrzeni następujących po sobie kilkuset cykli filtracyjnych. Uwidoczniono też różnice, jakie w obrębie tego parametru procesu filtracyjnego występują w przypadku stosowania struktur filtracyjnych wytwarzanych na bazie włókien poliestrowych o budowie jednorodnej i modyfikowanej powierzchniowo mikrowłóknami

Content of respirable and inhalable fractions in dust created while sawing beech wood and its modifications

This paper presents the results of the granulometric analysis of sawdust, created during the sawing of modified and unmodified beech wood with a circular saw. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of the treatment of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) on the content of respirable and inhalable particles in sawdust generated during the sawing process using a modern circular saw. Different methods of particle-size determination were used. The results obtained from the sieve analysis prove that the sawdust created during the cutting of DMDHEU was finer than the sawdust from native beech and other modified materials. It was also discovered that the dust created during the cutting of Bendywood was finer than when machining native beech and Lignamon. There was an increase in the share of fine fraction in the range of granularity x < 100 μm at the expense of the fraction x = 0.25–1 mm. The properties of Lignamon are primarily based on the properties of raw wood material, therefore this modified material had a similar cumulative particle-size distribution to the native beech dust