A Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Proroot MTA, Root MTA, and Portland Cement on Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ProRoot MTA (PRMTA), Root MTA (RMTA) and Portland cement (PC) at their clinical concentration (70 mg/25 µL) against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) one of the prominent periodontal (pocket) microorganisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Agar diffusion test on Blood Agar with Hemin and Vitamin K (BAHV) was employed in this study. The microorganisms were seeded on the BAHV by spreaders. Small holes, 6 mm in diameter, were made in the BAHV by removing agar. PRMTA, RMTA and PC were placed into the wells immediately after manipulation. The plates were incubated in anaerobic atmosphere at 37°C for 72 h and the zones of inhibition were measured. RESULTS: In the agar diffusion test PRMTA, RMTA and PC against Aa showed zones of inhibition. Analyzing the antimicrobial activity of PRMTA, RMTA and PC according to paired one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Test (Turkey's test) analysis showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between PRMTA, RMTA and PC. RMTA showed the largest zone of inhibition (29 mm) against Aa. There was no difference in the zones of inhibition between the 48 and 72 h time periods. CONCLUSION: In this in vitro study PRMTA and RMTA presented similar antimicrobial activity against Aa

Anti-microbial Activity of Acrylic Resins with In-Situ Generated Nanosilver on Cariogenic Planktonic and Biofilm Bacteria

Abstract Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA

Culture-dependent approaches to explore the prevalence of root canal pathogens from endodontic infections

Abstract: Endodontic infections are considered to be caused by the presence of various microorganisms within the root canal system. Recognition of this microbiota contributes to the successful treatment of infected root canals. This study investigated the microorganisms associated with primary and secondary endodontic infections via culture methods, biochemical tests, and molecular approaches in an Iranian population. Microbial specimens were collected from 36 patients with primary endodontic infection and 14 patients with a history of root canal therapy. Advanced microbiological culture techniques were used to isolate microbiota; subsequently, biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were performed to identify the microorganisms. Within the total 218 cultivable isolates, Veillonella parvula (20.6%) was found to occur with the highest frequency in primary endodontic infection, followed by Porphyromonas gingivalis (14.1%), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (9.2%). Enterococcus faecalis (36.6%) was the most predominant microorganism in secondary endodontic infections, followed by Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acnes, and V. parvula with frequencies of 20%, 2%, and 2%, respectively. It was concluded that V. parvula and E. faecalis was most frequently found in primary and secondary endodontic infections, respectively

In vitro assessments of antimicrobial potential and cytotoxicity activity of an orthodontic adhesive doped with nano-graphene oxide

Introduction: Formation of white spots and initial carious lesions are the most important complications of fixed orthodontic treatment. Preparation of orthodontic adhesives containing antimicrobial agents might be a practical solution for the prevention of the mentioned defects. Aim: The current study aims to assess the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of a conventional orthodontic adhesive containing different concentrations of nano-graphene oxide (N-GO). Materials and methods: 50 Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive discs containing 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10% N-GO were prepared and sterilized by 25 kGy Gamma irradiation. After determination of cytotoxicity potential of modified orthodontic adhesive on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells, antimicrobial effects of the modified orthodontic adhesive against Streptococcus mutans in the preformed cariogenic biofilms was investigated using eluted components from composite discs by comparing the viable counts of bacteria after 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of the aging process in artificial saliva. Results: Based on the results, there was no cytotoxic effects of modified orthodontic adhesive on HGF cells (p>0.05). Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive containing 5 and 10 wt% N-GO reduced considerably the mean total viable counts of S. mutans up to 30 days (p<0.05). However, at 60 days, only 10 wt% N-GO could statistically decrease the colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of test microorganisms. Antimicrobial activity of eluted components from modified orthodontic adhesive discs against S. mutans was in line with the concentration of N-GO. Conclusions: At 5% and 10% concentrations, a modified orthodontic adhesive containing N-GO has a significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in cariogenic biofilms. Abbreviations: N-GO: nano-graphene oxide; CFU: colony-forming unit; WSL: white spot lesion; NPs: nanoparticles; S. mutans: Streptococcus mutans; BHI: brain heart infusion; SD: standard deviation; ZnO: zinc oxid

In vitro assessments of antimicrobial potential and cytotoxicity activity of an orthodontic adhesive doped with nano-graphene oxide

Introduction: Formation of white spots and initial carious lesions are the most important complications of fixed orthodontic treatment. Preparation of orthodontic adhesives containing antimicrobial agents might be a practical solution for the prevention of the mentioned defects. Aim: The current study aims to assess the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of a conventional orthodontic adhesive containing different concentrations of nano-graphene oxide (N-GO). Materials and methods: 50 Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive discs containing 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10% N-GO were prepared and sterilized by 25 kGy Gamma irradiation. After determination of cytotoxicity potential of modified orthodontic adhesive on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells, antimicrobial effects of the modified orthodontic adhesive against Streptococcus mutans in the preformed cariogenic biofilms was investigated using eluted components from composite discs by comparing the viable counts of bacteria after 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of the aging process in artificial saliva. Results: Based on the results, there was no cytotoxic effects of modified orthodontic adhesive on HGF cells (p>0.05). Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive containing 5 and 10 wt% N-GO reduced considerably the mean total viable counts of S. mutans up to 30 days (p<0.05). However, at 60 days, only 10 wt% N-GO could statistically decrease the colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of test microorganisms. Antimicrobial activity of eluted components from modified orthodontic adhesive discs against S. mutans was in line with the concentration of N-GO. Conclusions: At 5% and 10% concentrations, a modified orthodontic adhesive containing N-GO has a significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in cariogenic biofilms. Abbreviations: N-GO: nano-graphene oxide; CFU: colony-forming unit; WSL: white spot lesion; NPs: nanoparticles; S. mutans: Streptococcus mutans; BHI: brain heart infusion; SD: standard deviation; ZnO: zinc oxid