Preparatory ethics training for future solicitors

Research reportThis project examines the place of ethical training in modern legal education and practice and raises concerns about the potential impact of inadequate training on practice standards across the full range of work carried out by solicitors. The report refers to press reports of unprofessional conduct and notes that other jurisdictions within and beyond the United Kingdom and Europe increasingly require more specific training on professional ethics. Other professions are consciously preparing future lawyers for their ethical responsibilities. The Legal Services Act 2007, meeting consumer needs and striving to make solicitors truly virtuous professionals aware of their wider public duties, as well those owed to their immediate client, all militate in favour of the reform of ethical training

Splitting of the superconducting transition in the two weakly coupled 2D XY models

The frequency $\omega$ and temperature T dependent complex conductivity $\sigma$ of two weakly coupled 2D XY models subject to the RSJ dynamics is studied through computer simulations. A double dissipation-peak structure in $Re[\omega\sigma]$ is found as a function of T for a fixed frequency. The characteristics of this double-peak structure, as well as its frequency dependence, is investigated with respect to the difference in the critical temperatures of the two XY models, originating from their different coupling strengths. The similarity with the experimental data in Festin {\it et al.} [Physica C 369, 295 (2002)] for a thin YBCO film is pointed out and some possible implications are suggested.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Self-consistent theory of turbulent transport in the solar tachocline. III. Gravity waves

To understand the fundamental physical processes important for the evolution of solar rotation and distribution of chemical species, we provide theoretical predictions for particle mixing and momentum transport in the stably stratified tachocline. By envisioning that turbulence is driven externally in the tachocline (e.g. by plume penetration), we compute the amplitude of turbulent flow, turbulent particle diffusivities, and eddy viscosity, by incorporating the effect of a strong radial differential rotation and stable stratification. We identify the different roles that the shear flow and stable stratification play in turbulence regulation and transport. Particle transport is found to be severely quenched due to stable stratification as well as radial differential rotation, especially in the radial direction with an effectively more efficient horizontal transport. The eddy viscosity is shown to become negative for parameter values typical of the tachocline, suggesting that turbulence in the stably stratified tachocline leads to a non-uniform radial differential rotation. Similar results also hold in the radiative interiors of stars, in general

Congenital infections as contributors to the onset of diabetes in children: A longitudinal study in the United States, 2001‐2017

BackgroundMaternal infections during pregnancy, particularly with rubella virus, were reported to increase the risk of diabetes in children. Widespread vaccination has decreased the number of infants with congenital rubella syndrome in the United States, although it remains a problem in developing countries. Because vaccine hesitancy has recently increased, we investigated the association between congenital infections with subsequent diabetes risk in children in the United States.MethodsUsing data from a nationwide private health insurer for years 2001‐2017, 1 475 587 infants were followed for an average of 3.9 years (maximum 16.5 years). Information was obtained regarding congenital infections (rubella, cytomegalovirus, other congenital infections) and perinatal infections, as well as for the development of diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis.ResultsThere were 781 infants with congenital infections and 73 974 with perinatal infections. Diabetes developed in 3334 children. The odds of developing diabetes for infants with congenital rubella infection were 12‐fold greater (P = .013) and, for infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection, were 4‐fold greater (P = .011) than infants without congenital or perinatal infection. Infants with other congenital infections had 3‐fold greater odds of developing diabetes (P = .044). Results were similar for diabetes ketoacidosis. Infants with other perinatal infections had 49% greater odds of developing diabetes during the follow‐up period (P < .001).ConclusionCongenital and other perinatal infections are associated with elevated risks of developing diabetes mellitus during childhood. Vaccination for rubella remains an important preventive action to reduce the incidence of diabetes in children.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154971/1/pedi12957.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154971/2/pedi12957_am.pd

Bioenergy and carbon farming opportunities in the Pilbara

The Pilbara region covers 270 000 square kilometres of north-west Western Australia. Its main agricultural land use is pastoralism, with beef cattle grazing native pastures. Currently, only 24km2 is under irrigation, with irrigated fodder the principal crop, but this could expand to 100km2. This expansion has the potential to significantly broaden the economic base of the Pilbara. Irrigation and the opportunities for changing land use and management may facilitate greater participation in the carbon economy by Pilbara land managers. Bioenergy feedstocks could be sourced from purpose-grown crops or agricultural wastes. Carbon farming activities may be facilitated by the land use and management changes that are possible with the introduction of irrigated agriculture into existing pastoral systems. This report investigates the potential for land managers in the Pilbara to produce bioenergy from feedstocks sourced from irrigated agriculture, and to undertake carbon farming activities that are facilitated by introducing irrigated agriculture.https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/bulletins/1214/thumbnail.jp

Taking a book off the shelf in a virtual library

We present the results of a small-scale study in which participants interacted with a physical book. Their book selection and book opening gestures provide design insights for the interface to a virtual reality library

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome in pregnancy: a case of favorable mother - fetal outcome in a well-controlled disease

The autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome(ALPS)is a disorder of abnormal lymphocyte survival caused by the dysregulation of theFasapoptotic pathway. The Fas geneis expressed at the maternal–fetal interface and is involved in the regulation of immune response and implantation. Altered Fas expression may result in altered apoptosis and, ultimately, affect both the immune response and implantation; it is in fact associated with recurrent pregnancy loss, preterm premature rupture of membranes and pre-eclampsia. Currently, there are over 500 cases of ALPS reported worldwide from various racial and ethnic backgrounds. Up to date, the published work contains no specific reports on pregnancy outcome in women affected by ALPS. We present a case of full-term uneventful pregnancy in a patient affected by ALPS. A specific clinical follow-up in a pregnant woman with primary immunologic disease is suggested

Reflection and Ducting of Gravity Waves Inside the Sun

Internal gravity waves excited by overshoot at the bottom of the convection zone can be influenced by rotation and by the strong toroidal magnetic field that is likely to be present in the solar tachocline. Using a simple Cartesian model, we show how waves with a vertical component of propagation can be reflected when traveling through a layer containing a horizontal magnetic field with a strength that varies with depth. This interaction can prevent a portion of the downward-traveling wave energy flux from reaching the deep solar interior. If a highly reflecting magnetized layer is located some distance below the convection zone base, a duct or wave guide can be set up, wherein vertical propagation is restricted by successive reflections at the upper and lower boundaries. The presence of both upward- and downward-traveling disturbances inside the duct leads to the existence of a set of horizontally propagating modes that have significantly enhanced amplitudes. We point out that the helical structure of these waves makes them capable of generating an alpha-effect, and briefly consider the possibility that propagation in a shear of sufficient strength could lead to instability, the result of wave growth due to over-reflection.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Solar Physic