Psycho-Ecological Systems Model: A Systems Approach to Planning and Gauging the Community Impact of Community-Engaged Scholarship

This article presents the Psycho-Ecological Systems Model (PESM) – an integrative conceptual model rooted in General Systems Theory (GST). PESM was developed to inform and guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of transdisciplinary (and multilevel) community-engaged scholarship (e.g., a participatory community action research project undertaken by faculty that involves graduate and/or undergraduate students as service-learning research assistants). To set the stage, the first section critiques past conceptual models. Following a description of GST, the second section provides a comprehensive description of PESM, which represents an integration of three conceptual developments: the ecological systems model (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), the biopsychosocial model (Kiesler, 2000), and the principle of reciprocal determinism (Bandura, 1978). In the third section, we discuss implications of PESM for community-based research. A greater emphasis on the development of integrative conceptual frameworks may increase the likelihood that community-based research projects will: (a) address complex questions; (b) develop and implement efficacious (and sustainable) transdisciplinary (and multilevel) projects; (c) assess constructs at multiple levels using a blend of quantitative and qualitative approaches; and (d) utilize multiple research designs and methods to systematically examine hypotheses regarding a project’s influence on outcome variables and process variables

Spatial Patterns and Sequential Sampling Plans for Estimating Densities of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United States

Stink bugs are an emerging threat to soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) in the North Central Region of the United States. Consequently, region-specific scouting recommendations for stink bugs are needed. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial pattern and to develop sampling plans to estimate stink bug population density in soybean fields. In 2016 and 2017, 125 fields distributed across nine states were sampled using sweep nets. Regression analyses were used to determine the effects of stink bug species [Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)], life stages (nymphs and adults), and field locations (edge and interior) on spatial pattern as represented by variance–mean relationships. Results showed that stink bugs were aggregated. Sequential sampling plans were developed for each combination of species, life stage, and location and for all the data combined. Results for required sample size showed that an average of 40–42 sample units (sets of 25 sweeps) would be necessary to achieve a precision of 0.25 for stink bug densities commonly encountered across the region. However, based on the observed geographic gradient of stink bug densities, more practical sample sizes (5–10 sample units) may be sufficient in states in the southeastern part of the region, whereas impractical sample sizes (\u3e100 sample units) may be required in the northwestern part of the region. Our findings provide research-based sampling recommendations for estimating densities of these emerging pests in soybean

Ursinus College Alumni Journal, November 1967

75 years to Pluto • Welcome alumni! Oldtimers return to campus on Homecoming Day • Students cheer Loyalty Fund kick-off • Business & Pleasure • Honored on Founders\u27 Day • Habari safari: Ursinus men go to Africa • Contemporary drama • Development: Ursinus charts a course for the decade ahead • From the President • Birds of a feather gather together • Radio station WRUC entertains and informs the Collegeville community • Florida physician speaks in Yugoslavia • Walter Emerson Baum art show • Campus clippings: Graduate teacher training; Neighborhood dinner; Fall enrollment; End of an era; Parents day; New faculty members; Dutch visitor; Evening school • Sporting scene: Soccer; Hockey; Football; Cross country wins 11 straight • Class notebook • Weddings • Births • In memoriam • The business dollar in educationhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/alumnijournal/1090/thumbnail.jp

Ursinus College Alumni Journal, November 1966

\u2770 is here • And \u2770 says: Centennial Fund, roll on! • From the President • For Alumni Association leaders, Homecoming Day was some work and plenty of play • An Ursinus specialty: Shaping the future physician • New placement service for alumni • Huck Finn\u27s dilemma is ours • The paradox of urbia • The theatre of the absurd emerges in Latin America • An age of reforming in liberal education: Trends at Ursinus compare with reforms proposed at Columbia University • Sporting scene: Women undefeated in hockey; Soccer; Cross country; Football • Campus clippings: Founders\u27 Day; Sigma Xi Club; Research at Ursinus; Student teachers; The Agency; Mr. Rue remembers; On army duty; Evening school grows; Neighbors come to dinner; Lindback scholar; Parents Day; Job opportunity; \u2767 Ruby underway • Class notebook • Weddings • Births • In memoriamhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/alumnijournal/1085/thumbnail.jp

Ursinus College Alumni Journal, August 1968

A special responsibility • Capp quips cleverly at commencement • Alumni Day \u2768: The happy time; The business of the day; Election winners take office; Two distinguished graduates honored; A salute to individuals & organizations; Picture of a perfect day • Weighing the worth of Ursinus • What is a college? • Alumni award winner recalls Ursinus past • Alumni classes support college in 1967-1968 • Call it animal faith, if you like • All-Ursinus anniversary drive • From the President • Dr. James E. Wagner retires as vice-president • Development department increases staff • Campus clippings: New faculty members; Chapter scholars; Tax tip on the surcharge; Board elects three • Class notebook • Weddings • Births • In memoriamhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/alumnijournal/1092/thumbnail.jp

Ursinus College Alumni Journal, Spring 1969

Mark your calendar • Mailer: Anatomizer of the moral malaise • From the President • The dimensions of history • Centennial celebration report • Ursinus names new alumni director • Revised Alumni Association constitution • The end of an era • Financial development report: steady progress • A bride for the first time • Candidates for office • Girls\u27 field hockey review • Ursinus Women\u27s Club: A record of achievement • Campus clippings: 100 years ago; News media report; Coach and athlete • Class notes • In memoriam • Weddings • Birthshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/alumnijournal/1094/thumbnail.jp

Ursinus College Alumni Journal, August 1962

The President writes • Have gun will travel • The Loyalty Fund committee • Ursinus launches campaign for five million dollars • Alumni must think big • Samuel Bond, Ursinus\u27 architect • Faculty notes • 1962 commencement • Distinguished Teaching • Alumni in the news • \u2762 Loyalty Fund nets $52,942.84 • Results of the 1962 Loyalty Fund campaign • Contributors to the 1962 Loyalty Fund • Best track season in Ursinus history • Baseball • Women\u27s sports • Class notes • Weddings • Births • Necrology • Dr. Eugene H. Miller, \u2733, to speak at Forum • New UCC Church conference • The college sealhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/alumnijournal/1073/thumbnail.jp

Ursinus College Alumni Journal, August 1964

President\u27s page • The liberal arts curriculum • Commencement 1964 • Dining hall construction • Capital funds campaign contributions total $356,225 • American Alumni Council award • Campus round-up • Sturgis retires • Staiger heads Chem. Dept. • Track team undefeated • Results of 1964 Loyalty Fund campaign • The second mile • Alumni who have paid their pledges in full • Contributors to the 1964 Loyalty Fund • Alumni album: Irwin S. Leinbach, \u2729; Blanch Shirey Wentzel, \u2743; Clarence A. Paine, \u2722; Loretta Podolak Finnegan, \u2760; Jean Bonkoski, \u2768; Jean Ewen Trend, \u2743 • 1914-1964 • Class Notes • Valedictory • Weddings • Births • Necrology • Oldest alumnus dies • The face of the new alumnushttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/alumnijournal/1080/thumbnail.jp

Ursinus College Alumni Journal, August 1965

First words • From the President • Storm warnings from the ancient world • Ferment: Change comes to Ursinus against a backdrop of widespread concern about higher education • A federal tax credit plan for expenses of higher education • The higher mathematics of public education • Pieces of mind, \u2765 • Class of \u2765: An end, a beginning • Grads return to campus on Alumni Day • 1965 Alumni Award • The Evening School breed • George S. Spohn, \u2742, will lead the Alumni Centennial Fund • 1965 Loyalty Fund annual report • This is not a drill!: Ursinus men play key roles in air strikes on North Vietnam communists • Art is a search • Letters: A gift that lives; Amman adventure • Campus clippings • The will to give • Sporting scene • Hydrologist studies the rise and fall of water supply • Class notebook • Weddings • Births • In memoriam • End quotes: Can we be equal and excellent too?https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/alumnijournal/1084/thumbnail.jp