Costos económicos en el tratamiento farmacológico del paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Estudio de pacientes en consulta externa de medicina interna de un hospital de segundo nivel de la Ciudad de México

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es considerada un problema de salud pública global. Es la primera causa de morbilidad-mortalidad en el país. Representa una enfermedad de alto costo para los sistemas de salud, con un gasto de 370 billones de dólares al año, que se estima alcanzará los 490 billones de dólares para 2030..

Data from: Genetic determinants for gestational diabetes mellitus and related metabolic traits in Mexican women

Epidemiological and physiological similarities among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) suggest that both diseases, share a common genetic background. T2D risk variants have been associated to GDM susceptibility. However, the genetic architecture of GDM is not yet completely understood. We analyzed 176 SNPs for 115 loci previously associated to T2D, GDM and body mass index (BMI), as well as a set of 118 Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs), in 750 pregnant Mexican women. Association with GDM was found for two of the most frequently replicated T2D loci: a TCF7L2 haplotype (CTTC: rs7901695, rs4506565, rs7903146, rs12243326; P=2.16x10-06; OR=2.95) and a KCNQ1 haplotype (TTT: rs2237892, rs163184, rs2237897; P=1.98x10-05; OR=0.55). In addition, we found two loci associated to glycemic traits: CENTD2 (60’ OGTT glycemia: rs1552224, P=0.03727) and MTNR1B (HOMA B: rs1387153, P=0.05358). Remarkably, a major susceptibility SLC16A11 locus for T2D in Mexicans was not shown to play a role in GDM risk. The fact that two of the main T2D associated loci also contribute to the risk of developing GDM in Mexicans, confirm that both diseases share a common genetic background. However, lack of association with a Native American contribution T2D risk haplotype, SLC16A11, suggests that other genetic mechanisms may be in play for GDM

Principal component analysis projection of GDM and SIGMA samples.

<p>Principal components were calculated using parental data from the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) and the Mexican Genome Diversity Project (MGDP). Centroids of eigenvectors 1 and 2 for cases and controls are plotted in black triangles for GDM dataset and in black circles for women-only SIGMA dataset.</p

Genetic variants significantly associated with metabolic trait fluctuations in pregnant Mexican women.

<p>Multiple linear regressions corrected for age, pregestational BMI, glycemic status, OGTT gestational week, Native American ancestry and dummy reference hospital.</p><p>Genetic variants significantly associated with metabolic trait fluctuations in pregnant Mexican women.</p

GDM dataset description.

<p>It is shown median [25^th percentile-75^th percentile] or percentages. Controls <i>vs</i>. cases comparisons. <i>P</i> value of U Mann-Whitney, chi square/Fisher exact test or multiple linear regression for metabolic traits, adjusted for age, pregestational BMI and sampling gestational week.</p><p>GDM dataset description.</p