Errata: Curvas de crescimento para codornas de corte

Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Efeitos de planos nutricionais e grupos genéticos sobre características quantitativas de suínos

Selection of genotypes for high performance led to a fat level reduction and loss of meat quality as consequence. An alternative to improve meat quality is the crossbreeding of non-selected local pig breed, such as Piau, with improved breeds such as Duroc, Pietrain and Large White. However, growth rate and fat deposition differences in pigs indicate that genetic groups have different nutritional needs. Genetic and environment are important in expression of performance and meat quality traits, mainly when variations in deposition of lean and fat tissue rates are observed. These variations may affect genes expression profile that acts in metabolic or hormonal pathways of meat quality related traits. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effects of paternal genetic group (Piau, Duroc-based and Pietrain) and nutritional plans with different digestible lysine levels (Low, Medium and High) on performance, carcass and meat quality traits; gene expression pattern of myosin heavy chain isoforms (MyHC) in Longissimus and Psoas muscles; and differential expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (FAS, H-FABP, SCD, PRKAG1, PRKAG3 and HSL) in Longissimus muscle of pigs. Pietrain and Duroc crossbred barrows and gilts were similar in performance and carcass traits and had greatest values compared to Piau crossbred pigs. Regarding the meat quality, drip loss was greater in Pietrain crossbred barrows and gilts compared to Duroc and Piau crossbred pigs. Daily digestible lysine intake was greater in High nutritional plan animals in relation to Medium and Low nutritional plans. Most of performance, carcass and meat quality traits evaluated in barrows and gilts were not affected by nutritional plans. Expression levels of H-FABP and SCD were higher in Duroc and Pietrain pigs. Higher expression of PRKAG3 gene in barrows fed with Low nutritional plan compared with pigs fed with Medium and High nutritional plan was observed. There was a higher expression of MyHC IIb gene in Longissimus muscle of crossbred barrows fed with greater digestible lysine levels compared to crossbred barrows that received nutritional plan with lower digestible lysine levels. The mRNA expression levels of MyHC IIb in Longissimus muscle was higher in Duroc and Pietrain crossbred compared to Piau crossbred barrows (P < 0.05). In general, Duroc and Pietrain crossbred pigs had greater performance and carcass rate compared to Piau crossbred pigs. The present study indicated that genotype has a strong effect on intramuscular fat content deposition mainly by up-regulation of intramuscular lipogenic gene expression. The differentially expression of MyHC isoforms in muscles may be the most important factors affecting intramuscular fat content and drip loss in pig. These results may provide valuable information to the understanding of meat quality differences in divergent genetic groups of pigs.A seleção de genótipos para alto desempenho teve como consequência redução do teor gordura e perda na qualidade da carne. Uma alternativa para melhorar a qualidade da carne é o cruzamento de raças locais, como o Piau, com raças melhoradas como Duroc, Pietrain e Large White. Contudo, as diferenças nas taxas de crescimento e de deposição de gordura apresentadas pelos suínos indicam que os grupos genéticos tenham diferentes necessidades nutricionais. A genética e o ambiente são importantes na expressão das características de desempenho e qualidade da carne, principalmente quando há variações nas taxas de deposição de tecido magro e gordo. Essas variações podem causar interferência no perfil de expressão dos genes que atuam nas vias metabólicas ou hormonais das características relacionadas à qualidade da carne. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito do grupo genético paterno (Piau, Base-Duroc e Pietrain) e dos planos nutricionais contendo diferentes níveis de lisina digestível (Baixo, Médio e Alto) sobre as características de desempenho, carcaça e qualidade da carne; o padrão de expressão gênica das isoformas da cadeia pesada da miosina (MyHC) nos músculos Longissimus e Psoas; e a expressão diferencial dos genes relacionados com o metabolismo lipídico (FAS, H-FABP, SCD, PRKAG1, PRKAG3 e HSL) no músculo Longissimus de suínos. Os machos castrados e as fêmeas cruzadas Pietrain e Duroc foram similares nas características de desempenho e carcaça e tiveram os melhores valores em comparação aos suínos cruzados Piau. Com relação à qualidade da carne, a perda por gotejamento foi maior nos machos castrados e fêmeas cruzadas Pietrain em comparação com os suínos cruzados Duroc e Pietrain. O consumo diário de lisina digestível dos animais foi maior no plano nutricional Alto, em relação aos planos nutricionais Médio e Baixo. A maioria das características de desempenho, carcaça e qualidade da carne avaliadas nos machos castrados e fêmeas não foram afetadas pelos planos nutricionais. Os níveis de expressão do H-FABP e SCD foram maiores nos suínos Duroc e Pietrain. Maior expressão do gene PRKAG3 foi observada nos machos castrados cruzados alimentados com o plano nutricional Baixo em comparação com os suínos alimentados com plano nutricional Médio e Alto. Houve maior expressão do gene MyHC IIb no músculo Longissimus dos suínos alimentados com os planos nutricionais contendo maiores níveis de lisina digestível em relação aos suínos cruzados que receberam plano nutricional contendo menores níveis de lisina digestível. Os níveis de expressão do gene MyHC IIb no músculo Longissimus foi maior nos machos castrados cruzados Duroc e Pietrain em comparação aos machos castrados cruzados Piau (P < 0,05). Em geral, os suínos cruzados Duroc e Pietrain tiveram melhor desempenho e rendimento de carcaça em comparação aos cruzados Piau. O atual estudo indica que o genótipo tem forte influencia sobre a deposição do conteúdo de gordura intramuscular, principalmente pela regulação da expressão gênica lipogênica intramuscular. A expressão diferencial das isoformas MyHC nos músculos podem ser os fatores mais importantes que influenciam o conteúdo de gordura intramuscular e a perda por gotejamento em suínos. Estes resultados podem fornecer informações valiosas para o entendimento das diferenças na qualidade da carne de diferentes grupos genéticos de suínos

Níveis de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável em uma linhagem de codorna de corte - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v34i2.12589

This study aimed to establish the levels of crude protein and metabolizable energy for improved weight gain, body weight, feed intake and feed conversion in meat quails. A total of 540 quails were used during three experimental periods: baseline (1 to 21st day), growth (22nd to 35th day) and finishing (36 to 49th day). The treatments were a combination with five levels of crude protein (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26% CP) and three energy levels (2,700; 2,900 and 3,100 kcal kg-1), divided into three blocks. Regression models for response surface were used as the method of statistical analysis. Feed conversion occurred in the growth phase (22nd to 35th day) regardless of the energy level in the diet of quails. Higher levels of energy (around 3,000 kcal kg-1) and higher protein levels provided the best weight gain. In the baseline and growth stages, the quails did not differ in body weight according to diet CP level. However, at the finishing stage, the quails showed improved body weight for the highest levels of crude protein.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer os níveis de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável para melhor desempenho em ganho de peso, peso corporal, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar em codornas de corte. Utilizaram-se 540 codornas de corte, durante três períodos experimentais: inicial (1 ao 21 dia), crescimento (22 ao 35 dia) e terminação (36 ao 49 dia). Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de cinco níveis de proteína bruta (18, 20, 22, 24 e 26% de PB) com três níveis de energia (2.700, 2.900 e 3.100 kcal EM kg-1), distribuídos em três blocos. Os modelos de regressão por superfície de resposta foram adotados como método de análise estatística. A melhor conversão alimentar ocorreu na fase de crescimento (22 ao 35 dia) independente do nível de energia utilizado na ração das codornas. Maiores níveis de energia (em torno de 3.000 kcal kg-1) e maiores níveis de proteína bruta proporcionam melhor ganho de peso. Nas fases inicial e de crescimento, as codornas de corte não apresentam diferença no peso corporal em função do nível de PB da ração. No entanto, na fase de terminação, as codornas apresentaram melhor peso corporal para os níveis mais elevados de proteína bruta

Urea and salt as supplementary diet for crossbreed milk cows

This study aimed to evaluate the use of supplementary feed with different percentages of urea and mineral salt for crossbred milk cows. Ten animals were used, mean body weight 480 kg ± 9,7, distributed in a 5 x 5 double Latin square, with treatments of supplements with different urea and mineral salt percentages, namely, 10:10; 10:20; 20:10 and 20:20, completed to 100% with corn meal. Data underwent statistical analysis by SAS at 0.05 significance level. The use of supplements increased (p < 0.05) the total dry matter (DM) intake of diet. The increase in the level of urea in the supplement decreased DM intake of supplement. The use of supplements increased (p < 0.05) DM digestibility. The treatments with presence of supplement showed higher (p < 0.05) milk production. Supplemented diets may be used to correct nutritional deficiencies of sugar cane, with higher intake, digestibility and milk production. Treatments with 20% urea in the composition of the supplement caused a lower DM consumption with the same performance in the animals. The above-mentioned treatments had the best efficiency

Depicting latent variables considering different pig genetics and nutritional plans in crossbred pigs

We aimed to reduce the dimensionality of quantitative traits in pigs applying factor analysis. Quantitative variables were collected, and the factor analysis extracted five factors with biological meaning related to performance, carcass quality, carcass yield, meat quality, and initial pH. These factors were posteriorly used as dependent variable to evaluate the effects of genetic groups (Piau, Duroc, and Pietrain crossbreds), nutritional plans (low, medium and high lysine levels) and sex. An interaction effect between genetic group and sex was observed in performance, in which Duroc crossbred showed the greatest scores. The Pietrain genetic group showed greater values of carcass quality compared with Duroc and Piau, while Piau crossbred pigs had greater values for meat quality compared with Pietrain and Duroc. A greater carcass yield was observed in Pietrain crossbred compared with Duroc pigs. Pigs fed under low lysine level had the lowest performance values. Carcass yield was affected by nutritional plans, in which the medium lysine level showed the greatest values. Meat quality was improved by the nutritional plan with high lysine level compared with the low lysine level. Initial pH showed increased means when using nutritional plans with low and medium lysine levels in diet composition. With regard to sex effects, a greater carcass quality was found for gilts compared with barrows. The reduction of the data dimensionality allowed the joint evaluation of genetic group, nutritional plan, and sex based on new latent variables that represented the original dataset under easier framework based on factors’ biological interpretatio