A Novel Approach in Determining Changes in Consumptive Use

2008 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Addressing Water Challenges Facing the State and Regio

Using Big Data to Optimally Develop Water Quality Temperature

2010 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Science and Policy Challenges for a Sustainable Futur

Estimation of Tidal Marsh Loading Effects in a Complex Estuary

2010 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Science and Policy Challenges for a Sustainable Futur

Temperature dependence of UV absorption cross sections and atmospheric implications of several alkyl iodides

The ultraviolet absorption spectra of a number of alkyl iodides which have been found in the troposphere, CH_3I, C_2H_5I, CH_3CH_2CH_2I, CH_3CHICH_3, CH_2I_2, and CH2_ClI, have been measured over the wavelength range 200–380 nm and at temperatures between 298 and 210 K. The absorption spectra of the monoiodides C_H3I, C_2H_5I, CH_3CH_2CH_2I, and CH_3CHICH_3 are nearly identical in shape and magnitude and consist of single broad bands centered near 260 nm. The addition of a chlorine atom in CH_2ClI shifts its spectrum to longer wavelengths (σ_(max) at 270 nm). The spectrum of CH_2I_2 is further red‐shifted, reaching a maximum of 3.85×10^(−18) cm^2 molecule^(−1) at 288 nm and exhibiting strong absorption in the solar actinic region, λ>290 nm. Atmospheric photolysis rate constants, J values, have been calculated assuming quantum efficiencies of unity for different solar zenith angles as a function of altitude using the newly measured cross sections. Surface photolysis rate constants, calculated from the absorption cross sections measured at 298 K, range from 3×10^(−6) s^(−1) for CH)3I to 5×10^(−3) s^(−1) for CH)2I)2 at a solar zenith angle of 40°

Development of Decision Support Systems for Estimating Salinity Instrusion Effects due to Climate Change on the South Carolina and Georgia Coast

2010 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Science and Policy Challenges for a Sustainable Futur

Development of the combined method of hardening of the surface of aluminium

Представлены результаты, полученные при исследовании фазового и элементного состава, дефектной субструктуры поверхности технически чистого алюминия марки А7, подвергнутого комбинированной обработке, сочетающей напыление металлической пленки, электронно-пучковое перемешивание системы пленка/подложка и последующее азотирование в плазме газового разряда низкого давления. Выполнен анализ закономерностей, выявлены режимы воздействия, позволяющие кратно повышать микротвердость и износостойкость материала.The results are presented, received at research of phase and elemental composition, defective substructureof surface technically pure aluminium of the A7, subjected to the combined processing combining spraying metalfilm, electron-beam mixing of system film/substrate and subsequent nitriding in plasma of the gas discharge of lowpressure. The analysis of regularities is made, revealed the modes of influence allowing multiple to raise amicrohardness and wear resistance of material

Derivation of tropospheric methane from TCCON CH₄ and HF total column observations

The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a global ground-based network of Fourier transform spectrometers that produce precise measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of atmospheric methane (CH₄). Temporal variability in the total column of CH₄ due to stratospheric dynamics obscures fluctuations and trends driven by tropospheric transport and local surface fluxes that are critical for understanding CH₄ sources and sinks. We reduce the contribution of stratospheric variability from the total column average by subtracting an estimate of the stratospheric CH₄ derived from simultaneous measurements of hydrogen fluoride (HF). HF provides a proxy for stratospheric CH₄ because it is strongly correlated to CH₄ in the stratosphere, has an accurately known tropospheric abundance (of zero), and is measured at most TCCON stations. The stratospheric partial column of CH₄ is calculated as a function of the zonal and annual trends in the relationship between CH₄ and HF in the stratosphere, which we determine from ACE-FTS satellite data. We also explicitly take into account the CH₄ column averaging kernel to estimate the contribution of stratospheric CH₄ to the total column. The resulting tropospheric CH₄ columns are consistent with in situ aircraft measurements and augment existing observations in the troposphere

Metodologias para avaliação da integridade estrutural de cúpulas e abóbadas históricas em alvenaria

Modern non-destructive investigation techniques and computational tools for nonlinear analysis allow understanding the structural behavior and damage of existing buildings, aiming at the least possible extent of intervention. Careful and minimal intervention is essential to preserve the authenticity of the built cultural heritage. An investigation with a historical, experimental, and numerical approach was carried out in the Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, a building with an eclectic architecture from the beginning of the twentieth century. Its masonry domes and vault have paintings by renowned artists on their intrados and were strengthened in the 1970s. The adopted methodology was based on anamnesis, characterization and observation of the structure employing non-destructive tests, and on the assessment of its vulnerability by nonlinear analyses of calibrated numerical models. Several hypotheses of differential settlement under gravitational actions were investigated, seeking to reproduce the cracking pattern and to identify the causes of damage to the masonry domes and vault before the strengthening. The nonlinear analysis of the structure allowed to evaluate the causes of the observed damage, assess the level of safety, identify the most vulnerable parts, and characterize the collapse mechanisms, in addition to demonstrating the efficiency of the intervention measures adopted in the past.Técnicas modernas de investigação não destrutiva e ferramentas computacionais para análise não linear permitem compreender o comportamento estrutural e danos em edifícios existentes, visando a menor intervenção possível. A intervenção cuidadosa e mínima é essencial para preservar a autenticidade do patrimônio cultural construído. Uma investigação de abordagem histórica, experimental e numérica foi realizada no Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro, no Brasil, edifício de arquitetura eclética do início do século XX. Suas cúpulas e abóbada em alvenaria possuem pinturas de renomados artistas no intradorso e foram reforçadas na década de 1970. A metodologia adotada baseou-se na anamnese, caracterização e observação da estrutura por meio de ensaios não destrutivos e na avaliação de sua vulnerabilidade por análises não lineares de modelos numéricos calibrados. Diversas hipóteses de recalque diferencial sob ações gravitacionais foram investigadas, buscando reproduzir o padrão de fissuração e identificar as causas dos danos nas alvenarias antes do reforço. A análise não linear da estrutura permitiu avaliar as causas dos danos observados, estimar o nível de segurança, identificar as partes mais vulneráveis e caracterizar os mecanismos de colapso, além de demonstrar a eficácia das medidas de intervenção adotadas no passado.This research was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001 and Faperj, grant number E-26/201.812/2017

Sediment history mirrors Pleistocene aridification in the Gobi Desert (Ejina Basin, NW China)

Central Asia is a large-scale source of dust transport, but it also held a prominent changing hydrological system during the Quaternary. A 223 m long sediment core (GN200) was recovered from the Ejina Basin (synonymously Gaxun Nur Basin) in NW China to reconstruct the main modes of water availability in the area during the Quaternary. The core was drilled from the Heihe alluvial fan, one of the world's largest alluvial fans, which covers a part of the Gobi Desert. Grain-size distributions supported by endmember modelling analyses, geochemical-mineralogical compositions (based on XRF and XRD measurements), and bioindicator data (ostracods, gastropods, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs, and n-alkanes with leaf-wax delta D) are used to infer the main transport processes and related environmental changes during the Pleistocene. Magnetostratigraphy supported by radionuclide dating provides the age model. Grain- size endmembers indicate that lake, playa (sheetflood), fluvial, and aeolian dynamics are the major factors influencing sedimentation in the Ejina Basin. Core GN200 reached the pre-Quatemary quartz- and plagioclase-rich "Red Clay" formation and reworked material derived from it in the core bottom. This part is overlain by silt-dominated sediments between 217 and 110 m core depth, which represent a period of lacustrine and playa-lacustrine sedimentation that presumably formed within an endorheic basin. The upper core half between 110 and 0 m is composed of mainly silty to sandy sediments derived from the Heihe that have accumulated in a giant sediment fan until modem time. Apart from the transition from a siltier to a sandier environment with frequent switches between sediment types upcore, the clay mineral fraction is indicative of different environments. Mixed-layer clay minerals (chlorite/smectite) are increased in the basal Red Clay and reworked sediments, smectite is indicative of lacustrine-playa deposits, and increased chlorite content is characteristic of the Heihe river deposits. The sediment succession in core GN200 based on the detrital proxy interpretation demonstrates that lake-playa sedimentation in the Ejina Basin has been disrupted likely due to tectonic events in the southern part of the catchment around 1 Ma. At this time Heihe broke through from the Hexi Corridor through the Heli Shan ridge into the northern Ejina Basin. This initiated the alluvial fan progradation into the Ejina Basin. Presently the sediment bulge repels the diminishing lacustrine environment further north. In this sense, the uplift of the hinterland served as a tipping element that triggered landscape transformation in the northern Tibetan foreland (i.e. the Hexi Corridor) and further on in the adjacent northern intracontinental Ejina Basin. The onset of alluvial fan formation coincides with increased sedimentation rates on the Chinese Loess Plateau, suggesting that the Heihe alluvial fan may have served as a prominent upwind sediment source for it

Metodologias para avaliação estrutural de abóbadas e cúpulas em alvenaria

Abóbadas e cúpulas em alvenaria representam uma tipologia estrutural muito difundida em edificações históricas devido à sua imponência estética, simbolismo, leveza, eficiência acústica e desempenho estrutural, cobrindo desde pequenos a grandes vãos. Uma das principais causas de danos nesses elementos é o recalque diferencial atribuído a obras no entorno. Uma investigação de abordagem histórica, experimental e numérica foi realizada no Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro, no Brasil, edifício de arquitetura eclética do início do século XX. Suas abóbadas e cúpula em alvenaria possuem pinturas de renomados artistas no intradorso e foram objeto de intervenção na década de 1970, pois encontravam-se na iminência de colapso devido aos efeitos das obras do metrô nas imediações. O objetivo é apresentar metodologias de monitoramento preventivo baseadas na anamnese, caracterização da estrutura por meio de ensaios não destrutivos e avaliação da vulnerabilidade por análise não linear. Diversas hipóteses de recalque diferencial sob ações gravitacionais foram investigadas até a reprodução do padrão de fissuração do passado.À Fundação do Theatro Municipal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Universidade do Minho, às empresas Proceq, FLK e Baukunst Arquitetura e Virtualização pela colaboração na realização dos ensaios. A pesquisa recebeu auxílio financeiro da Capes e Faperj, processo número E26/201.812/2017