The certification of the absorbed energy (150 J nominal) of charpy V-notch reference test pieces: ERM®-FA415v

This certification report describes the processing and characterisation of ERM®-FA415v, a batch of Charpy V-notch certified reference test pieces certified for the absorbed energy (KV). Sets of five of these test pieces are used for the verification of pendulum impact test machines according to ISO 148-2 (Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 2: Verification of testing machines). The absorbed energy (KV) is procedurally defined and refers to the impact energy required to break a V-notched test piece of standardised dimensions, as defined in ISO 148-1 [2]. The certified value of ERM®- FA415v is made traceable to the SI, via the SI-traceable certified value of the master batch ERM®-FA415b, by testing samples of ERM®- FA415v and ERM®-FA415b under repeatability conditions on an impact pendulum verified and calibrated with SI-traceably calibrated tools. The certified value is valid only for strikers with a 2 mm tip radius. The certified value is valid at (20 ± 2) °C.JRC.D.2-Standards for Innovation and sustainable Developmen

The Eye of the Storm: Mystical Theology in Dialogue with Teacher Education

In this interdisciplinary paper we explore ways in which medieval mystical theology can inspire religious education teachers in their work in the classroom. One of the major challenges to them is to (help to) understand the tension between religious literacy and religious experience. By using an experiential and imaginative rather than a rational theology, based on the work of the mystics, we hope to clarify this tension. Firstly, we describe the “hermeneutical storm”: a metaphor to understand the complexity of the religious learning process in the context of friction between worlds. Teachers bear witness and need to stand firm at the centre of this clash. Secondly, we present medieval mysticism as a frame of reference to deal with this situation that challenges the modern urge for rational control. We discuss the historical context of the democratization of mystical theology, the multiple genres and the imaginative language mystics use to guide their students during their personal development, exemplified by Hadewijch’s mystical experience as an interplay between Love and Reason. This imaginative theology can offer contemporary religious education teachers insight into the “hidden presence of God” when faced with hermeneutical storms in the classroom and can help them in clarifying the tension between religious literacy and experience

Certification Report - The certification of equivalent diameters of a mixture of silica nanoparticles in aqueous solution: ERM®-FD102

This report describes the production of ERM®-FD102, silica nanoparticles in an aqueous solution certified for different equivalent diameters. The material was produced following ISO Guide 34:2009. The certified reference material (CRM), which has been produced by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), is a mixture of two monomodal populations of silica nanoparticles with distinct nominal particle sizes of 20 nm and 80 nm. These nominally 20 nm and 80 nm particle populations are further referred to as size class A and size class B, respectively. The CRM was prepared from two commercially available silica sols, moderately diluted in an aqueous solution and bottled in 10 mL pre-scored amber glass ampoules. Between unit-homogeneity was quantified and stability during dispatch and storage were assessed in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2006. The minimum sample intake for the different methods was determined from the results and information provided by the laboratories that participated in the interlaboratory comparison (ILC) exercises of the characterisation study. The material was characterised, for size classes A and B, by an intercomparison amongst laboratories of demonstrated competence and adhering to ISO/IEC 17025. Technically invalid results were removed but no outlier was eliminated on statistical grounds only. Uncertainties of the certified values were calculated in accordance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and include uncertainty contributions related to possible inhomogeneity and instability and to characterisation. The material is intended for quality control and assessment of method performance. As any reference material, it can also be used for control charts or validation studies. In addition, ERM®-FD102 can be used for calibration of electron microscopy methods. The CRM is available in amber glass ampoules containing about 9 mL of suspension. The CRM was accepted as European Reference Material (ERM®) after peer evaluation by the partners of the European Reference Materials consortium.JRC.D.2-Standards for Innovation and sustainable Developmen

Certification report: The certification of the absorbed energy (low energy) of Charpy V-notch reference test pieces for tests at 20 °C: ERM®-FA013br

This certification report describes the processing and characterisation of ERM®-FA013br, a batch of Charpy V-notch certified reference test pieces certified for the absorbed energy (KV). Sets of five of these test pieces are used for the verification of pendulum impact test machines according to ISO 148-2 (Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test – Part 2: Verification of testing machines). The absorbed energy (KV) is operationally defined and refers to the impact energy required to break a V-notched test piece of standardised dimensions, as defined in ISO 148-1 [2]. The certified value of ERM®-FA013br is made traceable to the SI, via the SI-traceable certified value of the master batch ERM®-FA013ba, by testing samples pieces of ERM®-FA013br and ERM®-FA013ba under repeatability conditions on an impact pendulum verified and calibrated with SI-traceably calibrated tools. The certified value is valid only for strikers with a 2 mm tip radius. The certified value is valid at (20 ± 2) °C.JRC.F.6-Reference Material

CERTIFICATION REPORT: The certification of the absorbed energy (low energy) of Charpy V-notch reference test pieces for tests at 20 °C: ERM®-FA013bp

This certification report describes the processing and characterisation of ERM®-FA013bp, a batch of Charpy V-notch certified reference test pieces certified for the absorbed energy (KV). Sets of five of these test pieces are used for the verification of pendulum impact test machines according to ISO 148-2 (Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test – Part 2: Verification of testing machines). The absorbed energy (KV) is operationally defined and refers to the impact energy required to break a V-notched test piece of standardised dimensions, as defined in ISO 148-1 [2]. The certified value of ERM®-FA013bp is made traceable to the SI, via the SI-traceable certified value of the master batch ERM®-FA013ba, by testing test pieces of ERM®-FA013bp and ERM®-FA013ba under repeatability conditions on an impact pendulum verified and calibrated with SI-traceably calibrated tools. The certified value is valid only for strikers with a 2 mm tip radius. The certified value is valid at (20 ± 2) °C.JRC.F.6-Reference Material

Certification of Charpy V-Notch Reference Test Pieces of 60 J Nominal Absorbed Energy - Certified Reference Material ERM®-FA014q

This certification report describes the processing and characterisation of ERM®-FA014q, a batch of Charpy V-notch certified reference test pieces. Sets of five of these test pieces are used for the verification of pendulum impact test machines according to EN 10045-2 (Charpy impact test on metallic materials, Part 2. Method for the verification of impact testing machines [1]) or according to ISO 148-2 (Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test ¿ Part 2: Verification of test machines [2]). The certified value for KV (= energy required to break a V-notched test piece using a pendulum impact test machine) is 61.9 J. The associated expanded uncertainty (1.2 J, k = 2 corresponding to a confidence level of about 95 %) is calculated for the mean of a set of five test pieces. The certified property is defined by the Charpy impact test procedure as described in EN 10045 1 [3] and ISO 148-1 [4]. The certified values are made traceable to the International System of Units (SI) through the corresponding Master Batch ERM®-FA014c of the same nominal absorbed energy (60 J), by testing samples of ERM®-FA014c and ERM®-FA014q in repeatability conditions on an impact pendulum verified and calibrated with SI-traceably calibrated tools. The certified value is valid only for strikers with a 2 mm tip radius. The certified value is valid at (20 ± 2) °C.JRC.DG.D.2-Reference material

CERTIFICATION REPORT The certification of the absorbed energy (low energy) of Charpy V-notch reference test pieces for tests at 20 °C: ERM®-FA013bu

This certification report describes the processing and characterisation of ERM®-FA013bu, a batch of Charpy V-notch certified reference test pieces certified for the absorbed energy (KV). Sets of five of these test pieces are used for the verification of pendulum impact test machines according to ISO 148-2 (Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test – Part 2: Verification of testing machines). The absorbed energy (KV) is procedurally defined and refers to the impact energy required to break a V-notched test piece of standardised dimensions, as defined in ISO 148-1. The certified value of ERM®- FA013bu is made traceable to the SI, via the SI-traceable certified value of the master batch ERM®-FA013ba, by testing samples of ERM®- FA013bu and ERM®-FA013ba under repeatability conditions on an impact pendulum verified and calibrated with SI-traceably calibrated tools. The certified value is valid only for strikers with a 2 mm tip radius. The certified value is valid at (20 ± 2) °C.JRC.D.2-Standards for Innovation and sustainable Developmen

CERTIFICATION REPORT The certification of the absorbed energy (low energy) of Charpy V-notch reference test pieces for tests at 20 °C: ERM®-FA013bv

This certification report describes the processing and characterisation of ERM®-FA013bv, a batch of Charpy V-notch certified reference test pieces certified for the absorbed energy (KV). Sets of five of these test pieces are used for the verification of pendulum impact test machines according to ISO 148-2 (Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test – Part 2: Verification of testing machines). The absorbed energy (KV) is procedurally defined and refers to the impact energy required to break a V-notched test piece of standardised dimensions, as defined in ISO 148-1. The certified value of ERM®- FA013bv is made traceable to the SI, via the SI-traceable certified value of the master batch ERM®-FA013ba, by testing samples of ERM®- FA013bv and ERM®-FA013ba under repeatability conditions on an impact pendulum verified and calibrated with SI-traceably calibrated tools. The certified value is valid only for strikers with a 2 mm tip radius. The certified value is valid at (20 ± 2) °C.JRC.D.2-Standards for Innovation and sustainable Developmen

Certification of Charpy V-Notch Reference Test Pieces of 30 J Nominal Absorbed Energy - Certified Reference Material ERM®-FA013bf

This certification report describes the processing and characterisation of ERM®-FA013bf, a batch of Charpy V-notch certified reference test pieces. Sets of five of these test pieces are used for the verification of pendulum impact test machines according to EN 10045-2 (Charpy impact test on metallic materials, Part 2. Method for the verification of impact testing machines [1]) or according to ISO 148-2 (Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 2: Verification of test machines [2]). The certified value for KV (= energy required to break a V-notched test piece using a pendulum impact test machine) is 27.7 J. The associated uncertainty (1.1 J, k = 2 corresponding to a confidence level of about 95 %) is calculated for the mean of a set of five test pieces. The absorbed energy (KV) is procedurally defined and refers to the impact energy required to break a V-notched bar of standardised dimensions, as defined in EN 10045-1 [3] and ISO 148-1 [4]. The certified value of ERM®-FA013bf is traceable to the SI, via the SI-traceable certified value of the master batch ERM®-FA013ba, by testing samples of ERM®-FA013ba and ERM®-FA013bf under repeatability conditions on an impact pendulum verified and calibrated with SI-traceably calibrated tools. The certified value is valid only for strikers with a 2 mm tip radius. The certified value is valid at (20 ± 2) °C.JRC.DG.D.2-Reference material