4,269 research outputs found
Particles adsorbed at various non-aqueous liquid-liquid interfaces
Particles adsorbed at liquid interfaces are commonly used to stabilise water-oil Pickering emulsions and water-air foams. The fundamental understanding of the physics of particles adsorbed at water-air and water-oil interfaces is improving significantly due to novel techniques that enable the measurement of the contact angle of individual particles at a given interface. The case of non-aqueous interfaces and emulsions is less studied in the literature. Non-aqueous liquid-liquid interfaces in which water is replaced by other polar solvents have properties similar to those of water-oil interfaces. Nanocomposites of non-aqueous immiscible polymer blends containing inorganic particles at the interface are of great interest industrially and consequently more work has been devoted to them. By contrast, the behaviour of particles adsorbed at oil-oil interfaces in which both oils are immiscible and of low dielectric constant (Δ < 3) is scarcely studied. Hydrophobic particles are required to stabilise these oil-oil emulsions due to their irreversible adsorption, high interfacial activity and elastic shell behaviour
Tuning the bulk behavior and 2D interfacial self-assembly of microgels by Keggin-type polyoxometalate ionic specificity
Finding new ways to tune the behavior of thermoresponsive microgels in bulk
and confined at 2D liquid interfaces is key to achieve a deeper understanding
and control of these smart materials. We studied the interaction of positively
charged pNIPAM microgels with the Keggin-type polyoxometalate
(POM). In bulk, we observed charge inversions below and
above the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) at significantly low POM
concentrations as M. In the presence of POM, the microgels
exhibited a deswelling-swelling-deswelling behaviour below the VPTT, and a
two-step further deswelling above the VPTT. When microgels were confined at 2D
water/air interfaces, adding M of POM below the VPTT was equivalent
to heat above the VPTT and compress the monolayer from to 20\,\text{mN
m^{-1}}. Above the VPTT, the diameter at the interface did not change while
the portion immersed in the subphase further deswelled, in agreement with the
behavior in bulk. Adding more POM did not change the diameter at the interface
nor the height of the microgels, showing a saturation effect in 2D. The
restructuring of the pNIPAM polymeric network by the POM was characterized by
EDS mapping and XPS. The microgel monolayers with POM improved their resistance
to plasma etching, which could be useful for soft colloidal lithography
Microgels Adsorbed at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: A Joint Numerical and Experimental Study
Soft particles display highly versatile properties with respect to hard
colloids, even more so at fluid-fluid interfaces. In particular, microgels,
consisting of a cross-linked polymer network, are able to deform and flatten
upon adsorption at the interface due to the balance between surface tension and
internal elasticity. Despite the existence of experimental results, a detailed
theoretical understanding of this phenomenon is still lacking due to the
absence of appropriate microscopic models. In this work, we propose an advanced
modelling of microgels at a flat water/oil interface. The model builds on a
realistic description of the internal polymeric architecture and
single-particle properties of the microgel and is able to reproduce its
experimentally observed shape at the interface. Complementing molecular
dynamics simulations with in-situ cryo-electron microscopy experiments and
atomic force microscopy imaging after Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, we compare
the morphology of the microgels for different values of the cross-linking
ratios. Our model allows for a systematic microscopic investigation of soft
particles at fluid interfaces, which is essential to develop predictive power
for the use of microgels in a broad range of applications, including the
stabilization of smart emulsions and the versatile patterning of surfaces
Discovery of selective monosaccharide receptors via dynamic combinatorial chemistryâ
The molecular recognition of saccharides by synthetic hosts has become an appealing but elusive task in the last decades. Herein, we combine Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry (DCC) for the rapid self-assembly and screening of virtual libraries of receptors, with the use of ITC and NMR to validate the hits and molecular modelling to understand the binding mechanisms. We discovered a minimalistic receptor, 1F (N-benzyl-l-phenylalanine), with considerable affinity for fructose (Ka = 1762 Mâ1) and remarkable selectivity (>50-fold) over other common monosaccharides. The approach accelerates the discovery process of receptors for saccharides
Design and evaluation of a graphical user interface for facilitating expert knowledge transfer: a teleoperation case study
Nowadays, teleoperation systems are increasingly used for the training of specific skills to carry out complex tasks in dangerous environments. One of the challenges of these systems is to ensure that the time it takes for users to acquire these skills is as short as possible. For this, the user interface must be intuitive and easy to use. This document describes the design and evaluation of a graphical user interface so that a non-expert user could use a teleoperated system intuitively and without excessive training time. To achieve our goal, we use a user-centered design process model. To evaluate the interface, we use our own methodology and the results allow improving its usability.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Self-Templating Assembly of Soft Microparticles into Complex Tessellations
Self-assembled monolayers of microparticles encoding Archimedean and
non-regular tessellations promise unprecedented structure-property
relationships for a wide spectrum of applications in fields ranging from
optoelectronics to surface technology. Yet, despite numerous computational
studies predicting the emergence of exotic structures from simple interparticle
interactions, the experimental realization of non-hexagonal patterns remains
challenging. Not only kinetic limitations often hinder structural relaxation,
but also programming the inteparticle interactions during assembly, and hence
the target structure, remains an elusive task. Here, we demonstrate how a
single type of soft polymeric microparticle (microgels) can be assembled into a
wide array of complex structures as a result of simple pairwise interactions.
We first let microgels self-assemble at a water-oil interface into a
hexagonally packed monolayer, which we then compress to varying degrees and
deposit onto a solid substrate. By repeating this process twice, we find that
the resultant structure is not the mere stacking of two hexagonal patterns. The
first monolayer retains its hexagonal structure and acts as a template into
which the particles of the second monolayer rearrange to occupy interstitial
positions. The frustration between the two lattices generates new symmetries.
By simply varying the packing fraction of the two monolayers, we obtain not
only low-coordination structures such as rectangular and honeycomb lattices,
but also rhomboidal, hexagonal, and herringbone superlattices which display
non-regular tessellations. Molecular dynamics simulations show that these
structures are thermodynamically stable and develop from short-ranged repulsive
interactions, making them easy to predict, and thus opening new avenues to the
rational design of complex patterns
Multiagent Systems in Automotive Applications
The multiagent systems have proved to be a useful tool in the design of solutions to problems of distributed nature. In a distributed system, it is possible that the data, the control actions or even both, be distributed. The concept of agent is a suitable notion for capturing situations where the global knowledge about the status of a system is complex or even impossible to acquire in a single entity. In automotive applications, there exist a great number of scenarios of distributed nature, such as the traffic coordination, routes load balancing problems, traffic negotiation among the infrastructure and cars, to mention a few. Even more, the autonomous driving features of the new generation of cars will require the new methods of car to car communication, car to infrastructure negotiation, and even infrastructure to infrastructure communication. This chapter proposes the application of multiagent system techniques to some problems in the automotive field
Unraveling the mechanism of TTL genes in cellulose biosynthesis
As sessile organisms, plants require mechanisms to sense and respond to the challenging environment, that encompass both biotic and abiotic factors that results in differential development. In these conditions is essential to balance growth and stress responses. As cell walls shape plant growth, this differential growth response cause alterations to the plant cell wall where cellulose is the major component. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate cellulose biosynthesis is essential to develop strategies to improve plant production. In Arabidopsis, the TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE (TTL) gene family is composed by four members (TTL1 to TTL4) and mutations in TTL1, TTL3, and TTL4 genes cause reduced growth under salt and osmotic stress due to defects in plant cell wall integrity. We observe association of TTL3 with most core components in traducing BR signalling, such as LRR-RLK BRI1 or GSK3 BIN2 that modulate cellulose biosynthesis through phosphorylating cellulose synthases. Here, we show that ttl mutants present defects in the plant cell wall, particularly in Isoxaben, salt or sucrose stress. Spinning disk microscopy in etiolated hypocotyls reveals that, TTL proteins are responsible for the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) stability in plasma membrane (PM) upon sucrose stress. Moreover, TTL3 associates with LRR-RLKs that have been shown to be important for cellulose biosynthesis such as FEI1 in the FEI1/FEI2/SOS5 pathway. We aim to investigate the mechanisms by which TTL proteins regulate CesA stability in PM under stress, using a combination of genetics, biochemical, and molecular and cell biology approaches.Universidad de MĂĄlaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucĂa Tech.
This work was supported by grants from: (1) Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn BIO2014-55380-R, BIO2014-56153-REDT; (2) Ministerio de EconomĂa, Industria y Competitividad (BES-2015-071256
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