Production d'hydrogène par photocatalyse et conversion électrochimique dans une pile à combustible.

The current energy context plays a significant role on the renewable energy sources development. This study reports the direct feeding of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with hydrogen produced from photocatalytic reforming and dehydrogenation of alcohols. Methanol was used as model feedstock. The hydrogen production rate was optimized by varying such parameters such as, photocatalyst concentration (TiO2), cocatalyst loading (platinum nanoparticles), the photon flux, the temperature, the stirring rate and the photocatalyst kind. Thus, hydrothermal synthesis was used to obtain various kinds of TiO2 monophasic and polyphasic, with various crystalline structures and compositions. Platinum nanoparticles were deposited using various methods (photodeposition, wetness and ions exchange impregnation). Photocatalityc activities were correlated to catalyst physicochemical properties. Fuel cell performances, fed with photocatalytic hydrogen, were checked. Finally, the electric power reached 1 mW cm-2 of photoreactors optical area, for few hours, under solar irradiation.Le contexte énergétique actuel est favorable au développement de sources renouvelables d’énergie électrique. Cette étude reporte l’alimentation directe d’une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de proton par de l’hydrogène issue de réactions photocatalytiques de reformage et de déshydrogénation d’alcools. Le méthanol est utilisé comme molécule modèle. La vitesse de production en hydrogène a été optimisée en jouant sur des paramètres intrinsèques aux systèmes photocatalytiques, telles que la concentration en catalyseur (TiO2), la teneur en cocatalyseur (nanoparticules de platine), l’influence du flux de photons, la température, la vitesse d’agitation ou encore le choix du photocatalyseur. Aussi, une méthode de synthèse hydrothermale permettant l’obtention d’une grande variété de TiO2 monophasiques et polyphasiques, avec des compositions et des structures cristallines différentes, a été utilisée. Le dépôt du cocatalyseur (Pt) a été appliqué à partir de différentes méthodes (photodépôt, imprégnation à humidité naissante et à échange d’ions). Les activités photocatalytiques des catalyseurs ont été reliées à leurs propriétés physicochimiques. Les performances de la pile à combustible sous hydrogène photocatalytique, ont été suivies. Finalement, une expérience réalisée directement sous irradiation solaire a permis de maintenir une puissance électrique, ramenée à la surface optique des photoréacteurs, de 1 mW.cm-2 sur plusieurs heures

Rainfall modeling for integrating radar information into hydrological model

A spatial rainfall model was applied to radar data of air mass thunderstorms to yield a rainstorm representation as a set of convective rain cells. The modeled rainfall was used as input into hydrological model, instead of the standard radar-grid data. This approach allows a comprehensive linkage between runoff responses and rainfall structures. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society

Méthode de Relaxation Dynamique incrémentale

National audienceSee http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/59/29/46/ANNEX/r_ZL662YL9.pd

An ant colony optimization inspired algorithm for the set packing problem with application to railway infrastructure

http://www.emse.fr/~delorme/Papiers/MIC05/MIC05_resume.pdfInternational audienceThe paper concerns an Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) procedure as approximation method for the railway infrastructure capacity (RIC) problem. Railway infrastructure managers now have to deal with operators' requests for increased capacity. Planning the construction or reconstruction of infrastructures must be done very carefully due to the huge required invest- ments and the long term implications. Usually, assessing the capacity of one component of a rail system is done by measuring the maximum number of trains that can be operated on this component within a certain time period. In our work, we deal with two real situations. The first is Pierrefitte-Gonnesse crossing point located at the north of Paris. The second is the Lille-Flandres station which is the largest station in North of France. Measuring the capacity of junctions is a matter of solving an optimisation problem called the saturation problem [1], and which can be formulated as a Set Packing Problem (SPP). Given a finite set I = {1, . . . , n} of items and {Tj}, j 2 J = {1, . . . ,m}, a collection of m subsets of I, a packing is a subset P I such that |Tj \ P| 1, 8j 2 J. The set J can be also seen as a set of exclusive con- straints between some items of I. Each item i 2 I has a positive weight denoted by ci and the aim of the SPP is to calculate the packing which maximises the total weight. This proble

Numerical study of dynamic relaxation with kinetic damping applied to inflatable fabric structures with extensions for 3D solid element and non-linear behavior

International audienceThis work mainly deals with the numerical study of inflatable fabric structures. As implicit integration schemes can lead to numerical difficulties such as singular stiffness matrices, explicit schemes are preferred. Since the final objective of this study is to obtain the final shape of a structure, a dynamic relaxation (DR) method is used. These methods allow us to obtain the final and stable shape of the inflatable fabric structures without doing so many time increments, which is the case when using a classical explicit integration method. Han and Lee [5] proposed an extension of the DR method stated by Barnes [13] suitable for triangular elements and elastic behavior. There are two main contributions in this paper. Firstly, we propose a modification of Han and Lee's method, allowing it to be used with any kind of membrane or solid finite elements and any reversible behavior. Secondly, we propose to rewrite the expression initially introduced by Barnes. Furthermore, these proposals are adapted for incremental loadings, allowing this way to obtain the pseudo-equilibriums of the intermediate phases. Numerical examples from academic problems (rectangular and circular membranes) show the efficiency and the reliability of proposed methods, with linear elasticity behavior, and also with a non-linear incremental behavior and finite deformation states

Emotion Recognition with Pre-Trained Transformers Using Multimodal Signals

In this paper, we address the problem of multimodal emotion recognition from multiple physiological signals. We demonstrate that a Transformer-based approach is suitable for this task. In addition, we present how such models may be pretrained in a multimodal scenario to improve emotion recognition performances. We evaluate the benefits of using multimodal inputs and pre-training with our approach on a state-ofthe-art dataset

Social media processing in crisis response : an attempt to shift from data to information exploitation.

Information about the ongoing events is of the utmost importance during emergencies. Previous work in crisis informatics found new ways to pull data from unexploited sources, such as social media. But while the volume of information is crucial, the way the information is reported and provided becomes increasingly important as the volume grows. Yet, little has been achieved on information management. This article proposes a way to automatically organize information from social media data up to decision-makers. This organization is enabled by a metamodel \cite{benaben_metamodel_2016} designed to model crucial information in crises. The article is organized as follows. First, the organization of current social media processing systems is presented. Then, the article presents the metamodel used and how it is relevant to organized information in crisis events through the lens of the 6W\u27s \cite{kropczynski_identifying_2018}. Finally, it walks through the implementation of the proposal based on the two previous parts

Non-conforming curved finite element schemes for time-dependent elastic–acoustic coupled problems

International audienceHigh-order numerical methods for solving time-dependent acoustic–elastic coupled problems are introduced. These methods, based on Finite Element techniques, allow for a flexible coupling between the fluid and the solid domain by using non-conforming meshes and curved elements.Since characteristic waves travel at different speeds through different media, specific levels of granularity for the mesh discretization are required on each domain, making impractical a possible conforming coupling in between. Advantageously, physical domains may be independently discretized in our framework due to the non-conforming feature. Consequently, an important increase in computational efficiency may be achieved compared to other implementations based on conforming techniques, namely by reducing the total number of degrees of freedom. Differently from other non-conforming approaches proposed so far, our technique is relatively simpler and requires only a geometrical adjustment at the coupling interface at a preprocessing stage, so that no extra computations are necessary during the time evolution of the simulation.On the other hand, as an advantage of using curvilinear elements, the geometry of the coupling interface between the two media of interest is faithfully represented up to the order of the scheme used. In other words, higher order schemes are in consonance with higher order approximations of the geometry. Concerning the time discretization, we analyze both explicit and implicit schemes. These schemes are energy conserving and, for the explicit case, the stability is guaranteed by a CFL condition.In order to illustrate the accuracy and convergence of these methods, a set of representative numerical tests are presented

Production d'hydrogène par photocatalyse et conversion électrochimique dans une pile à combustible.

Le contexte énergétique actuel est favorable au développement de sources renouvelables d énergie électrique. Cette étude reporte l alimentation directe d une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de proton par de l hydrogène issue de réactions photocatalytiques de reformage et de déshydrogénation d alcools. Le méthanol est utilisé comme molécule modèle. La vitesse de production en hydrogène a été optimisée en jouant sur des paramètres intrinsèques aux systèmes photocatalytiques, telles que la concentration en catalyseur (TiO2), la teneur en cocatalyseur (nanoparticules de platine), l influence du flux de photons, la température, la vitesse d agitation ou encore le choix du photocatalyseur. Aussi, une méthode de synthèse hydrothermale permettant l obtention d une grande variété de TiO2 monophasiques et polyphasiques, avec des compositions et des structures cristallines différentes, a été utilisée. Le dépôt du cocatalyseur (Pt) a été appliqué à partir de différentes méthodes (photodépôt, imprégnation à humidité naissante et à échange d ions). Les activités photocatalytiques des catalyseurs ont été reliées à leurs propriétés physicochimiques. Les performances de la pile à combustible sous hydrogène photocatalytique, ont été suivies. Finalement, une expérience réalisée directement sous irradiation solaire a permis de maintenir une puissance électrique, ramenée à la surface optique des photoréacteurs, de 1 mW.cm-2 sur plusieurs heures.The current energy context plays a significant role on the renewable energy sources development. This study reports the direct feeding of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with hydrogen produced from photocatalytic reforming and dehydrogenation of alcohols. Methanol was used as model feedstock. The hydrogen production rate was optimized by varying such parameters such as, photocatalyst concentration (TiO2), cocatalyst loading (platinum nanoparticles), the photon flux, the temperature, the stirring rate and the photocatalyst kind. Thus, hydrothermal synthesis was used to obtain various kinds of TiO2 monophasic and polyphasic, with various crystalline structures and compositions. Platinum nanoparticles were deposited using various methods (photodeposition, wetness and ions exchange impregnation). Photocatalityc activities were correlated to catalyst physicochemical properties. Fuel cell performances, fed with photocatalytic hydrogen, were checked. Finally, the electric power reached 1 mW cm-2 of photoreactors optical area, for few hours, under solar irradiation.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF