La Religión Católica en un Estado aconfesional

La religión católica a lo largo del tiempo ha ido obteniendo una serie de ventajas y un estado de supremacía sobre las demás confesiones religiosas en cuanto a su intervención y relación con el Estado español. Por ello en este trabajo se expondrán las diferentes relaciones de la Iglesia Católica con el Estado y las diferentes ventajas que se le han ido dando a lo largo del tiempo en diferentes materias como la educación, financiación, festividades y descanso semanal. Además veremos a lo largo del trabajo como la sociedad, debido a este vínculo Iglesia Católica – Estado, ha encasillado a la Religión Católica como la religión del Estado español sin tener en cuenta que España es un Estado aconfesional y por tanto no debería de tener ningún vínculo con ninguna confesión. Todo ello estará basado en los principios constitucionales que a través de este vínculo se han ido vulnerando a lo largo de los años con las diferentes relaciones entre dichas entidades.The Catholic religion over time has been obtaining a series of advantages and a State of supremacy over other religious denominations as for his speech and relationship with the Spanish State. Therefore in this work will be showcased different relations of the Catholic Church with the State and the different advantages That is have been given over time in different areas such as education, finance, holidays and weekly rest. Catholic Church - State, see also work as a society, because this link along has typecast to the Catholic Religion as the religion of the Spanish State without taking into account that Spain is a secular State and therefore you should not have any link with any confession. All of this will be based on the constitutional principles that through this link is you have been violated over the years with relations between these entities

Polyurethane shape memory filament yarns: Melt spinning, carbon-based reinforcement, and characterization

The aim of this work was to develop and characterize polyurethane-based shape memory polymer filament yarns of a suitable diameter and thermo-mechanical performance for use in tailored multi-sectorial applications. Different polymer compositions – pure shape memory polyurethane and shape memory polyurethane composites with 0.3 and 0.5 wt.% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes or carbon black as additives – were studied. Filaments were obtained using a melt spinning process that allowed the production of the permanent and temporary shape of the shape memory polyurethane filament. Two drawing speeds (20 and 32¿m/min) were studied. Characterization techniques such as the tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to investigate the shape-memory effect of the filaments. Pure and additive shape memory polyurethane filament yarns of a controlled diameter were produced. The results indicated that the pure shape memory polyurethane on the temporary shape had the highest tensile strength (234¿MPa). Filaments with carbon black revealed a significant strain (335%) in the permanent shape with respect to the other filaments. The melt spinning process influenced the soft segment glass transition temperature (Tgs) significantly, with a decrease in the temporary shape (first heating) as compared to the permanent shape (second and third heating). However, only the 0.5% multi-walled carbon nanotubes additive clearly influenced the filament, increasing the Tgs by 10°C. The additives also influenced the shape-memory effect, obtaining an increased fixity ratio (up to 97%) with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes additive and an increased recovery ratio (up to 86%) with the carbon black additivePostprint (author's final draft

Design and characterization of reversible thermodynamic SMPU-based fabrics with improved comfort properties

In recent years, great efforts have been made to research and develop advanced thermodynamic textiles that can change their thermal behavior in response to external stimuli. More specifically, shape memory alloys and shape memory polymer coatings have used for thermal comfort applications. However, the use of shape memory polymers in the form of filament yarns integrated in the fabrics has not yet reported. These fabrics have some advantages related to versatility in shape design. The aim of this study was to develop woven SMPU-based fabrics with reversible thermodynamic properties induced by weft SMPU filament yarns interlaced into polyester (PES) fabrics. To this end, PES woven fabrics with different ratios of weft SMPU filament yarns (PES/SMPU 1:0; 3:1; 1:1; 1: 3, and 0:1) were developed and their thermodynamic properties (thermal resistance, water vapor resistance, and permeability index), shape memory effect, and mechanical performance were evaluated and compared to the 100% PES reference fabric. All the SMPU-based fabrics developed were classified as extremely breathable (water vapor resistance <6 m2 Pa/W) and thermally comfortable (water vapor permeability index <0.3). The fabrics integrating the SMPU filament yarns reacted dynamically to the temperature stimuli over and below Tg, whereas the 100% PES fabric showed passive thermodynamic behavior. This dynamism led to an improvement in thermal protection against an increase in ambient temperature, reaching values of 13.18 mK m2 /W in thermal resistance (PES/SMPU 0:1), while also maintaining good moisture management properties, reaching values of 5.19 m2 Pa/W in water vapor resistance (PES/SMPU 0:1)The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was financially supported by the Catalan Government through the funding grant ACCIO-Eurecat (Project PRIV – Confortex)Postprint (published version

Insights into the sperm chromatin and implications for male infertility from a protein perspective

Male germ cells undergo an extreme but fascinating process of chromatin remodeling that begins in the testis during the last phase of spermatogenesis and continues through epididymal sperm maturation. Most of the histones are replaced by small proteins named protamines, whose high basicity leads to a tight genomic compaction. This process is epigenetically regulated at many levels, not only by posttranslational modifications, but also by readers, writers, and erasers, in a context of a highly coordinated postmeiotic gene expression program. Protamines are key proteins for acquiring this highly specialized chromatin conformation, needed for sperm functionality. Interestingly, and contrary to what could be inferred from its very specific DNA-packaging function across protamine-containing species, human sperm chromatin contains a wide spectrum of protamine proteoforms, including truncated and posttranslationally modified proteoforms. The generation of protamine knock-out models revealed not only chromatin compaction defects, but also collateral sperm alterations contributing to infertile phenotypes, evidencing the importance of sperm chromatin protamination toward the generation of a new individual. The unique features of sperm chromatin have motivated its study, applying from conventional to the most ground-breaking techniques to disentangle its peculiarities and the cellular mechanisms governing its successful conferment, especially relevant from the protein point of view due to the important epigenetic role of sperm nuclear proteins. Gathering and contextualizing the most striking discoveries will provide a global understanding of the importance and complexity of achieving a proper chromatin compaction and exploring its implications on postfertilization events and beyond. This article is categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology

Differential expression of miR-1249-3p and miR-34b-5p between vulnerable and resilient phenotypes of cocaine addiction

Cocaine addiction is a complex brain disorder involving long-term alterations that leadto loss of control over drug seeking. The transition from recreational use to pathologi-cal consumption is different in each individual, depending on the interaction betweenenvironmental and genetic factors. Epigenetic mechanisms are ideal candidates tostudy psychiatric disorders triggered by these interactions, maintaining persistentmalfunctions in specific brain regions. Here we aim to study brain-region-specific epi-genetic signatures following exposure to cocaine in a mouse model of addiction tothis drug. Extreme subpopulations of vulnerable and resilient phenotypes wereselected to identify miRNA signatures for differential vulnerability to cocaine addic-tion. We used an operant model of intravenous cocaine self-administration to evalu-ate addictive-like behaviour in rodents based on the Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition criteria to diagnose substance use disor-ders. After cocaine self-administration, we performed miRNA profiling to comparetwo extreme subpopulations of mice classified as resilient and vulnerable to cocaineaddiction. We found that mmu-miR-34b-5p was downregulated in the nucleusaccumbens of vulnerable mice with high motivation for cocaine. On the other hand,mmu-miR-1249-3p was downregulated on vulnerable mice with high levels of motordisinhibition. The elucidation of the epigenetic profile related to vulnerability to cocaine addiction is expected to help find novel biomarkers that could facilitate theinterventions to battle this devastating disorder

Resultados del programa “Estrategias de Autoanálisis Ocupacional” en personas con daño cerebral adquirido

OBJETIVOS. Analizar los efectos del programa: Estrategias de Autoanálisis Ocupacional en personas con daño cerebral adquirido (DCA). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Diseño del estudio: Estudio pretest-postest compuesto por un grupo que recibía el programa de Estrategias de Autoanálisis ocupacional. Participantes: 5 hombres y 2 mujeres con DCA con una media de edad de 51.8 años, miembros de una Asociación de DCA. Intervención: Se realizó el Programa de “Estrategias de Autoanálisis Ocupacional” que pretende que los participantes aprendan cuáles son sus limitaciones y apoyos para la participación ocupacional y que trabajen para la consecución de objetivos individuales y/o grupales de mejora de su equilibrio ocupacional. Emplea 2 herramientas metodológicas: el Modelo de la Ocupación Humana y el Ver Juzgar Actuar. Los participantes asistieron a 21 sesiones grupales semanales de 90 minutos de duración. Además, realizaron 3 sesiones individuales. Los módulos trabajados fueron 1) ocupación, dificultad y salud, 2) equilibrio ocupacional, 3) estrategias de adaptación a las dificultades de la vida diaria y 4) relaciones sociales. Herramientas de Evaluación: Los datos cuantitativos se recogieron en entrevistas individuales al inicio y al final. Se utilizó el Cuestionario SF-36 para medir la salud percibida(Alonso, Prieto, &Antó, 1995). Con el objetivo de evaluar los roles ocupacionales, se empleó la parte I del Listado de Roles (Colón &Haertlein, 2002). Los datos cualitativos se obtuvieron a través de 2 herramientas: el cuaderno de seguimiento individual y un grupo focal realizado al final de la intervención. RESULTADOS. Tras la intervención en el programa, encontramos un incremento significativo (p<0.05) en la subescala energía (Z=-2.2; p=.028) y marginalmente significativo (p=.058) en el componente físico del Cuestionario SF-36. Asimismo, encontramos un aumento marginalmente significativo del número de roles que los participantes deseaban involucrarse en el futuro (Z=.707; p=.072). Los participantes aprendieron a ser más conscientes de aspectos necesarios para mejorar su participación ocupacional, como su motivación y deseo de superación. “He aprendido que con esfuerzo, dedicación y constancia te puedes servir o valer por ti mismo por muchas dificultades que tengas” (Javier, 28 años) El ambiente social y el propio grupo de trabajo aparecieron como apoyos para su participación ocupacional. “Para uno es un orgullo hacer las cosas, pero hacerlas y que los demás las vean, es un reto”(Alejandro, 54 años) CONCLUSIÓN. El programa “Estrategias de Autoanálisis Ocupacional”en participantes con daño cerebral mejoró diferentes aspectos de la salud percibida e incrementó la toma de conciencia de la motivación y del apoyo social. Estos resultados apoyan los obtenidos por Ng y cols (2013), en donde, de igual modo, se fomentó la participación ocupacional en personas con DCA, incidiendo en trabajar la autoeficacia y el compromiso con los objetivos que uno/a quiere alcanzar.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The effect of good corporate governance on banking profitability

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of the variables of good corporate governance on profitability by equity of the banks of Peru during the period 2009 - 2018. The regression analysis of panel data was applied on a sample of 13 banks in Peru listed on the Lima Stock Exchange. Through an econometrics model it was obtained as a result that there was a significant direct relationship between the general meeting of shareholders and return on equity (p <0.05), which indicates that, the greater the integration of the General Meeting of shareholders in banking companies, the greater the profitability of equity for shareholders; which also shows that, the greater the transparency of information, the greater the profitability of equity for shareholders. This evidence provides beneficial information for supervisory authorities, stakeholders and academics

Disrupted Hypothalamic Transcriptomics and Proteomics in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Exposed to Recurrent Hypoglycaemia

Aims/hypothesis: Repeated exposures to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes progressively impairs the counterregulatory response (CRR) that restores normoglycaemia. This defect is characterised by reduced secretion of glucagon and other counterregulatory hormones. Evidence indicates that glucose-responsive neurons located in the hypothalamus orchestrate the CRR. Here, we aimed to identify the changes in hypothalamic gene and protein expression that underlie impaired CRR in a mouse model of defective CRR.Methods: High-fat-diet fed and low-dose streptozocin-treated C57BL/6N mice were exposed to one (acute hypoglycaemia [AH]) or multiple (recurrent hypoglycaemia [RH]) insulin-induced hypoglycaemic episodes and plasma glucagon levels were measured. Single-nuclei RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) data were obtained from the hypothalamus and cortex of mice exposed to AH and RH. Proteomic data were obtained from hypothalamic synaptosomal fractions.Results: The final insulin injection resulted in similar plasma glucose levels in the RH group and AH groups, but glucagon secretion was significantly lower in the RH group (AH: 94.5±9.2 ng/l [n=33]; RH: 59.0±4.8 ng/l [n=37]; p&lt;0.001). Analysis of snRNA-seq data revealed similar proportions of hypothalamic cell subpopulations in the AH- and RH-exposed mice. Changes in transcriptional profiles were found in all cell types analysed. In neurons from RH-exposed mice, we observed a significant decrease in expression of Avp, Pmch and Pcsk1n, and the most overexpressed gene was Kcnq1ot1, as compared with AH-exposed mice. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated a coordinated decrease in many oxidative phosphorylation genes and reduced expression of vacuolar H +- and Na +/K +-ATPases; these observations were in large part confirmed in the proteomic analysis of synaptosomal fractions. Compared with AH-exposed mice, oligodendrocytes from RH-exposed mice had major changes in gene expression that suggested reduced myelin formation. In astrocytes from RH-exposed mice, DEGs indicated reduced capacity for neurotransmitters scavenging in tripartite synapses as compared with astrocytes from AH-exposed mice. In addition, in neurons and astrocytes, multiple changes in gene expression suggested increased amyloid beta (Aβ) production and stability. The snRNA-seq analysis of the cortex showed that the adaptation to RH involved different biological processes from those seen in the hypothalamus.Conclusions/interpretation: The present study provides a model of defective counterregulation in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. It shows that repeated hypoglycaemic episodes induce multiple defects affecting all hypothalamic cell types and their interactions, indicative of impaired neuronal network signalling and dysegulated hypoglycaemia sensing, and displaying features of neurodegenerative diseases. It also shows that repeated hypoglycaemia leads to specific molecular adaptation in the hypothalamus when compared with the cortexData availability: The transcriptomic dataset is available via the GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), using the accession no. GSE226277. The proteomic dataset is available via the ProteomeXchange data repository (http://www.proteomexchange.org), using the accession no. PXD040183. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].</p