Differences in throwing capacity between senior and U-18 men handball players

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the differences in general and specific throwing capacity of handball players as a function of the age category. Differences between throwing velocity to goal without and with opposition have also been addressed. Ninety four handball senior and U-18 players were assessed in four different situations of throwing: 1) heavy medicine ball throw, 2) light medicine ball throw, 3) throwing velocity without opposition and 4) throwing velocity with opposition. Senior players were found to perform far better than the U-18 players in all four throwing situations (p<0.001; t1=6.958; t2=8.244; t3=8.059; t4=5.399; df=92).Throwing velocity was higher without than with opposition for both groups; the throwing velocity of the senior group was 7.79% lower (p<0.01; t=8.317; df=47) when there was opposition, whereas U-18 players’ velocity lowered by 6.03% (p<0.01; t=4.469; df=45). The results suggest that age can be a determining factor in handball players’ throwing capacity, both general and specific. Likewise, the presence and interference of a goalkeeper appears to affect throwing velocity in a negative way, especially in senior player

El árido calizo como árido para hormigones autocompactantes (HAC)

Siempre que se pretende investigar en el mundo del hormigón no se utiliza el árido calizo para realizar los ensayos, se utilizan áridos silícicos como patrón, y los resultados obtenidos se extrapola a los áridos calizos. Esto se ha demostrado no correcto ya que no es extrapolable los resultados en muchos casos, y este artículo es un ejemplo, y normalmente el comportamiento del árido calizo es más favorable. Los ensayos realizados con árido grueso, árido fino y finos calizos han demostrado unos óptimos resultados para hormigones autocompactantes (HAC). Los finos calizos obtienen un óptimo resultado en la plasticidad y estabilidad del hormigón, con la ayuda del aditivo de policarboxilato y el modulador de viscosidad, se consiguen todas las clases de hormigones autocompactantes para rampas, para muros y hasta para suelos (forjados-soleras), los áridos gruesos obtienen una óptima adherencia con el cemento y los áridos finos rellenan los huecos que no han ocupado los finos. Consiguiéndose resistencias mecánicas hasta los 65 MPa a los 28 días y manteniendo las características de los hormigones autocompactantes. Por tanto se concluye que el árido calizo es un excelente árido para la obtención de hormigones autocompactantes, pero es necesaria una cuidada distribución granulométrica, una adecuada dosificación y un enérgico amasado para conseguir la homogeneidad del hormigón

EUropean prospective cohort study on Enterobacteriaceae showing REsistance to CArbapenems (EURECA): a protocol of a European multicentre observational study

Introduction: The rapid worldwide spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) constitutes a major challenge. The aim of the EUropean prospective cohort study on Enterobacteriaceae showing REsistance to CArbapenems (EURECA), which is part of the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMI JU) funded COMBACTE-CARE project, is to investigate risk factors for and outcome determinants of CRE infections to inform randomised clinical trial designs and to provide a historical cohort that could eventually be used for future comparisons with new drugs targeting CRE. Methods: A multicentre (50 sites), multinational (11 European countries), analytical observational project was designed, comprising 3 studies. The aims of study 1 (a prospective cohort study) include characterising the features, clinical management and outcomes of hospitalised patients with intra-abdominal infection, pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infections and bloodstream infections caused by CRE (202 patients in each group). The main outcomes will be 30-day all-cause mortality and clinical response. Study 2 (a nested case–control study) will identify the risk factors for target infections caused by CRE; 248 selected patients from study 1 will be matched with patients with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (1:1) and with hospitalised patients (1:3) and will provide a historical cohort of patients with CRE infections. Study 3 (a matched cohort study) will follow patients in study 2 in order to assess mortality, length of stay and hospital costs associated with CRE. All patients will be followed for 30 days. Different, up-to-date statistical methods will be applied to come to unbiased estimates for all 3 studies. Ethics and dissemination: Before-study sites will be initiated, approval will be sought from appropriate regulatory agencies and local Ethics Committees of Research or Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to conduct the study in accordance with regulatory requirements. This is an observational study and therefore no intervention in the diagnosis, management or treatment of the patients will be required on behalf of the investigation. Any formal presentation or publication of data collected from this study will be considered as a joint publication by the participating physician(s) and will follow the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) for authorship.Innovative Medicine Initiative (IMI)European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD12/0015, RD16/2016

Drought influence over radial growth of Mexican conifers inhabiting mesic and xeric sites

Drought is a major constraint of forest productivity and tree growth across diverse habitat types. In this study, we investigated the drought responses of four conifer species growing within two locations of differing elevation and climatic conditions in northern Mexico. Two species were selected at a mesic site (Cupressus lusitanica Mill., Abies durangensis Martínez) and the other two species were sampled at a xeric site (Pinus engelmannii Carr., Pinus cembroides Zucc.). Using a dendrochronological approach, we correlated the radial-growth series of each species and the climatic variables. All study species positively responded to wet-cool conditions during winter and spring. Despite the close proximity of species at a mesic site, A. durangensis had high responsiveness to hydroclimatic variability, but C. lusitanica was not responsive. At the xeric site, P. engelmannii and P. cembroides were very responsive to drought severity, differentiated only by the longer time scale of the response to accumulated drought of P. engelmannii. The responsiveness to hydroclimate and drought of these tree species seems to be modulated by site conditions, or by the functional features of each species that are still little explored. These findings indicate that differentiating between mesic and xeric habitats is a too coarse approach in diverse forests with a high topographic heterogeneity.Fil: Pompa García, Marín. Universidad Juárez; MéxicoFil: González Cásares, Marcos. Universidad Juárez; MéxicoFil: Acosta Hernández, Andrea C.. Universidad Juárez; MéxicoFil: Camarero, Jesús Julio. Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología; EspañaFil: Rodriguez Catón, Milagros Rocío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin

Reinforced column shafts from the monumental architecture of Italica (prov. Baetica). Implementation of new technologies for the reconstruction of an exceptional practice

Esta investigación tiene por objeto presentar los trabajos en curso en torno a un conjunto de fustes procedente de los órdenes arquitectónicos del conocido como Traianeum de Itálica (provincia Baetica, actual Santiponce, Sevilla), complejo de templo central y pórtico perimetral levantado en la ciudad a comienzos del siglo II d. C. En ellos se observan las huellas dejadas por toda una serie de recursos técnicos tales como grapas, espigas metálicas y cavidades para parches marmóreos, asociada con medidas preventivas de refuerzo de piedra eventualmente quebradiza. Para ello, dado su estado fragmentado y fragmentario, se ha recurrido a la aplicación de técnicas fotogramétricas que permitan la obtención de modelos tridimensionales de las piezas, con el fin de reconstruir el funcionamiento y finalidad mecánica de los citados recursos. En último término, se trata de profundizar en aspectos relacionados con una singular capacidad tecnológica selectiva y con la economía y organización de las obras.The pieces under study presented in this paper come from the already well known “Traianeum” of Italica (prov. Baetica, present Santiponce, Seville), a huge complex area, formed by a wide open square with a main central temple, built according to the extension of the city with a new quarter in Hadrian times. Most of them, fragments of column shafts, offer very peculiar technical features: canals for metallic dowels, cavities for marble tasselli and holes for also metallic staples or cramps. All these systems had the aim of reinforce a valuable material with potential structure problems. The ensemble is unique because of the preservation of a sufficient amount of fragments that allows their complete restitution with the help of photogrammetric techniques in order to obtain three-dimensional models of the pieces and to understand the ancient technologic solutions. Even more, the practices make us reflect about technical skills and economy and organization of constructions

Tubifex tubifex chronic toxicity test using artificial sediment : methodological issues

The formulation and preparation of artificial sediments to be used in chronic toxicity tests is an important issue in the standardisation process. In the present study, artificial sediment has been used with Tubifex tubifex (Tubificidae, Oligochaeta) in both culture and in 28-day toxicity tests with spiked toxicants, in order to avoid the presence of occasionally important concentrations of some pollutants in sediments from apparently clean sites. The addition of supplementary food to the sediment at the beginning of the test is necessary to get satisfactory reproductive levels at the end of the 28-day chronic test, but this supplement of organic matter also provoked an additional increase of the levels of ammonia. The presence of ammonia at toxic levels in the artificial sediment during the first days after its preparation influences the quality of the water column and interstitial water, affecting the biological results of the test. The behaviour of the worms that escaped from sediment resulted in a reduction of their feeding activity, reproduction, and also mortality during the chronic test. Two different quantities of rations (80 and 160 mg Tetramin® flakes) were compared, combined or not with a weekly renewal of the overlying water. The lowest peak of ammonia in water column and sediment pore-water was measured with 80 mg of Tetramin®. The weekly water renewal did not give better results in survival or reproduction at the end of the 28-day tests. A combination of sediment aeration during two weeks followed by a renewal of water column reduced the levels of ammonia in the water column and interstitial water below 1 mg/l N-NH3. Therefore, this procedure is proposed for the reduction of ammonia, prior a toxicity test is conducted with artificial sediment, in order to avoid the presence of this compound at lethal or sublethal levels that could act as a confounding factor in chronic toxicity tests. The lowest supplement of food (80 mg) in a static exposure regime was chosen as satisfactory for the chronic test. Survival percentage and reproduction (number of cocoons and number of young worms) were comparable with the data reported in tests with natural sediments using Tubifex tubifex, although both adult worm and cocoon biomass values were significantly lower and can not be used as end-points in toxicity tests with artificial sediment as it has been formulated here.La composición y preparación de sedimentos artificiales para su posterior utilización en test crónicos de toxicidad con sedimento es un elemento importante en el proceso de estandarización de este tipo de ensayos. En este estudio, el sedimento artificial ha sido utilizado en el cultivo de Tubifex tubifex (Tubificidae, Oligochaeta) y se ha puesto a punto para su utilización en test de toxicidad de 28 días, para evitar la presencia de algunos contaminantes, ocasionalmente presentes en concentraciones importantes en sedimentos de localidades aparentemente limpias. Un suplemento de comida al inicio del test es necesario para que los gusanos alcancen niveles satisfactorios de reproducción a lo largo del test crónico de toxicidad de 28 días, pero dicho suplemento de materia orgánica contribuye a aumentar el nivel de amonio. La presencia de altas concentraciones de N-NH3 durante los primeros días posteriores a la preparación del sedimento artificial puede reducir la calidad de la columna de agua y del agua intersticial y por lo tanto alterar los resultados biológicos. Los gusanos presentaban alteraciones en el comportamiento observándose una respuesta de escape, provocando una reducción de la actividad alimentaria y de la reproducción, y causando también mortalidad. Se compararon dos raciones suplementarias (80 y 160 mg Tetramin®), combinadas con un régimen estático o semiéstático de renovación semanal de la columna de agua. Los picos menores de N-NH3 fueron registrados con el suplemento de 80 mg Tetramin®. La renovación semanal de agua no produjo mejores resultados en supervivencia y reproducción de los gusanos al finalizar los 28 días de duración del test. Una combinación de fuerte aireación del sedimento bajo agua durante dos semanas, seguido por la renovación de la columna de agua al final de dicho periodo, redujo los niveles de N-NH3 tanto en agua intersticial como en la columna de agua a valores inferiores a 1 mg/l. Por lo tanto, se propone aplicar dicho procedimiento antes de iniciar un test crónico de toxicidad, y evitar la presencia de picos de N-NH3 que puedan provocar efectos letales o subletales a los organismos y actuar como factor de confusión en los test que se realicen con sedimento artificial. Se propone la utilización de la dieta más baja (80 mg) y un régimen estático de exposición para el test de toxicidad con sedimento artificial. El porcentaje de supervivencia y los valores de las variables reproductivas (número de capullos y número de juveniles por adulto) resultaron comparables a los datos obtenidos en bioensayos con Tubifex tubifex en sedimento natural, aunque la biomasa final de los adultos y la de los capullos producidos resultan significativamente inferiores por lo que no se recomienda el uso de dichas variables en el test de toxicidad con sedimento artificial tal y como aquí se ha preparado

Concordancia citológica, colposcópica e histopatológica de lesiones premalignas del cérvix uterino. Hospital Belén de Trujillo 2012 - 2017

Objetivo: Determinar el grado de concordancia de los hallazgos citológicos, colposcópicos e histopatológicos en las pacientes con lesiones premalignas de cérvix uterino. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, analítico y retrospectivo de concordancia. Se revisó las historias clínicas de 64 pacientes atendidas por el servicio de Ginecología Oncológica del Hospital Belén de Trujillo en el período 2012 – 2017, que cumplían con los criterios de selección. Resultados: Se encontró que el 76.6% se encontraban en el rango de edad de 20 a 39 años, el 32.8% tenían 3 compañeros sexuales, 79.7% con una edad de inicio de la actividad sexual de 15 a 19 años y 68.8% fueron multíparas. Al evaluar grado de concordancia entre la citología y la colposcopia se obtiene un índice de kappa de 0.058, siendo ésta insignificante. El grado de concordancia entre la citología e histopatología obtiene un índice de kappa de 0.117 lo que significa una concordancia insignificante entre los métodos diagnósticos. Finalmente, la concordancia entre colposcopia e histopatología arroja un índice de kappa de 0.054 lo cual indica una concordancia insignificante. Conclusiones: La concordancia entre citología y colposcopía, citología e histopatología y también entre colposcopía e histopatología fue insignificante en todos los casos, según el valor de kappa.Objective: To determine the grade of concordance of the cytological, colposcopic and histopathological results in patients with premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix. Material and Methods: An observational, transversal, analytical and retrospective study of concordance was conducted. We reviewed the medical records of 64 patients treated by the service of Oncological Gynecology of the Belen Hospital of Trujillo in period 2012 – 2017, who met the selection criteria. Results: It was found that 76.6% were in the age range 20 to 39 years, 32.8% had three sexual partners, 79.7% started their sexual activity at the age of 15 to 19 years and 68.8% were multiparous. When the grade of concordance between cytology and colposcopy was evaluated, a kappa index of 0.058 was obtained, which was insignificant. The grade of concordance between cytology and histopathology get a kappa index of 0.117 which means an insignificant concordance between the diagnostic methods. Finally, the concordance between colposcopy and histopathology shows a kappa index of 0.054, which indicates an insignificant grade of concordance. Conclusions: The concordance between cytology and colposcopy, cytology and histopathology and also between colposcopy and histopathology was insignificant in all cases, according to the kappa value.Tesi

Prevalencia de patologías pulpares y periapicales en pacientes atendidos en el servicio de odontología del hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray, Trujillo 2018

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de patologías pulpares y periapicales en pacientes atendidos en el servicio de odontología del Hospital Victor Lazarte Echegaray Trujillo 2018. El estudio fue trasversal y observacional, se desarrolló en servicio de odontología del Hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray se evaluó 150 pacientes, clínica y radiográficamente e incluyó un total de 232 órganos dentario. Se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos como instrumento de evaluación, previo entrenamiento del investigador (0.8 de Kappa) Se encontró que el 68.53% (n =159) presentó patologías pulpares: pulpitis irreversible sintomática en el 57.86% (n =92), necrosis pulpar con 40.88% (n =65), pulpitis reversible 0.63% (n =1), pulpitis irreversible asintomática 0.63% (n =1). El 31.47% (n=73) presentó patologías periapicales: periodontitis apical asintomática con 71.23% (n =52), absceso apical agudo 12.33% (n =9), periodontitis apical sintomática 8.22% (n =6), Absceso apical crónico 8.22% (n =6). El sexo femenino fue el más afectado por ambas patologías así como las piezas posteriores. Se concluyó que las patologías pulpares predominaron sobre las patologías periapicales siendo las más frecuente la pulpitis irreversible sintomática. Y prevalece en las mujeres entre 28 a 37 años de edad, el grupo de órganos dentarios más afectados fueron los molares.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pulpal and periapical pathologies in patients treated at the Victor Lazarte Echegaray Trujillo 2018 Hospital. The study was cross-sectional and observational, it was developed in the dental service of the Víctor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital, 150 patients were evaluated, clinically and radiographically and it included a total of 232 dental organs. A data collection form was used as an evaluation tool, after training the researcher (Kappa 0.8) It was found that 68.53% (n = 159) presented pulpal pathologies: symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in 57.86% (n = 92), pulpal necrosis with 40.88% (n = 65), reversible pulpitis 0.63% (n = 1), pulpitis irreversible asymptomatic 0.63% (n = 1). The 31.47% (n = 73) presented periapical pathologies: asymptomatic apical periodontitis with 71.23% (n = 52), acute apical abscess 12.33% (n = 9), symptomatic apical periodontitis 8.22% (n = 6), chronic apical abscess 8.22 % (n = 6). The female sex was the most affected by both pathologies as well as the posterior parts. It was concluded that pulpal pathologies predominated over periapical pathologies, the most frequent being symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. And it prevails in women between 28 to 37 years of age, the group of dental organs most affected were the molars.Tesi

Host responses in life-history traits and tolerance to virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana

Knowing how hosts respond to parasite infection is paramount in understanding the effects of parasites on host populations and hence host¿parasite co-evolution. Modification of life-history traits in response to parasitism has received less attention than other defence strategies. Life-history theory predicts that parasitised hosts will increase reproductive effort and accelerate reproduction. However, empirical analyses of these predictions are few and mostly limited to animalparasite systems. We have analysed life-history trait responses in 18 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana infected at two different developmental stages with three strains of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Accessions were divided into two groups according to allometric relationships; these groups differed also in their tolerance to CMV infection. Life-history trait modification upon virus infection depended on the host genotype and the stage at infection. While all accessions delayed flowering, only the more tolerant allometric group modified resource allocation to increase the production of reproductive structures and progeny, and reduced the length of reproductive period. Our results are in agreement with modifications of life-history traits reported for parasitised animals and with predictions from life-history theory. Thus, we provide empirical support for the general validity of theoretical predictions. In addition, this experimental approach allowed us to quantitatively estimate the genetic determinism of life-history trait plasticity and to evaluate the role of life-history trait modification in defence against parasites, two largely unexplored issues