La motivation à écrire et le rendement en écriture des filles et des garçons de la 1re secondaire

L'objectif général de la présente recherche consiste à étudier les différences de genre dans la motivation à écrire et dans le rendement en écriture d'élèves de 1re secondaire. Plus particulièrement, ce mémoire examine la présence d'une différence de genre dans le rendement en écriture des élèves. Puis, il étudie les différences de genre dans la motivation à écrire par le biais de deux théories et un modèle de la motivation, utilisé dans des contextes scolaires, soit la théorie de l'autodétermination, le modèle attentes-valeur et la théorie des buts d'apprentissage. Finalement, cette recherche mesure la relation entre le rendement en écriture et la motivation à écrire des élèves, selon les théories et du modèle de la motivation. Ainsi, les résultats obtenus permettront de vérifier quelle théorie ou quel modèle de la motivation à écrire explique le mieux le rendement en écriture des filles et des garçons de 1re secondaire. Pour ce faire, l'étude a été menée auprès de 89 élèves de 1re secondaire, d'une école secondaire de la région montréalaise. Des questionnaires de motivation ont été remplis par les élèves. Leur résultat à la 1re étape dans la compétence Écrire des textes variés a été retenu comme indice de mesure du rendement en écriture. Les résultats révèlent a priori une différence significative de genre dans le rendement en écriture, favorisant les filles. Puis, des différences de genre apparaissent également dans la motivation à écrire, notamment concernant la motivation intrinsèque, la valeur accordée à l'écriture et les buts d'approche de la maitrise, les filles présentant encore une fois des scores plus élevés. Les données montrent également que chez les filles, leur rendement en écriture en 6e année permet de prédire celui en 1re seconda ire, alors que chez les garçons, ce sont plutôt les variables motivationnelles de la théorie de l'autodétermination qui expliquent le plus de pourcentage de variance du rendement en écriture en 1re secondaire. Ces résultats témoignent de l'importance de s'attarder à la motivation des élèves de façon différenciée selon le genre en contexte d'enseignement afin d'orienter les pratiques enseignantes.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : théories de la motivation, écriture, différence de genr

Espaces-temps familiaux au Canada aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles

À l'aide d'études de cas, cet ouvrage, issu d'un séminaire de Maîtrise, aborde la problématique des espaces-temps familiaux. Il contribue à éclairer la reproduction des structures familiales et des dynamiques sociales au fil du temps.Cet ouvrage est réalisé grâce au soutien financier du FCAR et du CRSH.Introduction. Texte de Jacques Mathieu, p. 1; Les exigences du salut: balises du discours de l'Église sur la famille en Nouvelle-France (1660-1760). Texte de Jacinthe Ruel, p. 5; Quand rien ne va plus: de l'idéal de l'État en Nouvelle-France à la réalité des séparations: la conception de l'État. Texte d'Isabelle Rodrigue, p. 25; Établir ses enfants au XVIIe siècle: Éléonore de Grandmaison (1619-1692) et sa descendance. Texte de Claire Gourdeau, p. 45; La succession de Louis Bélanger, seigneur de Bonsecours (1724-1741). Texte de Tommy Guénard, p. 69; Conclusion. Texte de Louis Michel, p. 8

Toxoplasma membrane inositol phospholipid binding protein TgREMIND is essential for secretory organelle function and host infection

Apicomplexan parasites possess specialized secretory organelles called rhoptries, micronemes, and dense granules that play a vital role in host infection. In this study, we demonstrate that TgREMIND, a protein found in Toxoplasma gondii, is necessary for the biogenesis of rhoptries and dense granules. TgREMIND contains a Fes-CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domain, which binds to membrane phospholipids, as well as a novel uncharacterized domain that we have named REMIND (regulator of membrane-interacting domain). Both the F-BAR domain and the REMIND are crucial for TgREMIND functions. When TgREMIND is depleted, there is a significant decrease in the abundance of dense granules and abnormal transparency of rhoptries, leading to a reduction in protein secretion from these organelles. The absence of TgREMIND in-hibits host invasion and parasite dissemination, demonstrating that TgREMIND is essential for the proper function of critical secretory organelles required for successful infection by Toxoplasma

Family Medicine for internally displaced persons in Mali: A training of trainers approach

Mali is currently experiencing a polycrisis, characterised by the interplay of growing socio-political insecurity, massive population displacements and recurrent tensions in the functioning of the health system and the provision of care. In this context, the multidisciplinary teams of University Community Health Centres (CSCoM-Us), primary health care facilities, have expressed the desire to strengthen their skills to better meet the needs of the internally displaced persons who frequent their facilities. To address this demand, training workshops were co-constructed by a team of family physicians (FPs), combining the experiential knowledge of local teams with the expertise of partners from the Université de Sherbrooke. A Training of Trainer (ToT) programme, consisting of training provided by central-level trainers to local-level practitioners, was developed and deployed. Five priorities were identified by local partners: continuity of care, maternal health, gender-based violence, mental health and working with a language barrier. From 2022 to 2023, this training was implemented in Mali’s seven CSCOM-Us, reaching 277 health professionals in five regions of the country. The outcomes include increased awareness of the challenges faced by internally displaced persons and strengthening local capabilities. This short report highlights the strategic role and leadership played by FP in improving the population’s health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, through their versatility and community-oriented, holistic and patient-centred approach

Risk of subsequent primary lymphoma in a cohort of 69,460 five-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer in Europe: The PanCareSurFup study.

BACKGROUND Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) after treatment; however, the risks of developing subsequent primary lymphomas (SPLs), including HL and NHL, after different types of childhood cancer are unknown. The authors quantified the risk of SPLs using the largest cohort of childhood cancer survivors worldwide. METHODS The Pan-European Network for Care of Survivors After Childhood and Adolescent Cancer (PanCare) Survivor Care and Follow-Up Studies (PanCareSurFup) cohort includes 69,460 five-year survivors of childhood cancer, diagnosed during 1940 through 2008, from 12 European countries. Risks of SPLs were quantified by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and relative risks (RRs) using multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS Overall, 140 SPLs, including 104 NHLs and 36 HLs, were identified. Survivors were at 60% increased risk of an SPL compared with the general population (SIR, 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-1.9). Survivors were twice as likely to develop NHL (SIR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.9-2.8), with the greatest risks among survivors of HL (SIR, 7.1; 95% CI, 5.1-10.0), Wilms tumor (SIR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.7-5.7), leukemia (SIR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.8-4.4), and bone sarcoma (SIR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.4). Treatment with chemotherapy for any cancer doubled the RR of NHL (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.9), but treatment with radiotherapy did not (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7-2.0). Survivors were at similar risk of developing a subsequent HL as the general population (SIR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.5). CONCLUSIONS In addition to HL, the authors show here for the first time that survivors of Wilms tumor, leukemia, and bone sarcoma are at risk of NHL. Survivors and health care professionals should be aware of the risk of NHL in these survivors and in any survivors treated with chemotherapy

Activation of MEK1 or MEK2 isoform is sufficient to fully transform intestinal epithelial cells and induce the formation of metastatic tumors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Ras-dependent ERK1/2 MAP kinase signaling pathway plays a central role in cell proliferation control and is frequently activated in human colorectal cancer. Small-molecule inhibitors of MEK1/MEK2 are therefore viewed as attractive drug candidates for the targeted therapy of this malignancy. However, the exact contribution of MEK1 and MEK2 to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer remains to be established.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Wild type and constitutively active forms of MEK1 and MEK2 were ectopically expressed by retroviral gene transfer in the normal intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6. We studied the impact of MEK1 and MEK2 activation on cellular morphology, cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasiveness, and tumorigenesis in mice. RNA interference was used to test the requirement for MEK1 and MEK2 function in maintaining the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that expression of activated MEK1 or MEK2 is sufficient to morphologically transform intestinal epithelial cells, dysregulate cell proliferation and induce the formation of high-grade adenocarcinomas after orthotopic transplantation in mice. A large proportion of these intestinal tumors metastasize to the liver and lung. Mechanistically, activation of MEK1 or MEK2 up-regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, promotes invasiveness and protects cells from undergoing anoikis. Importantly, we show that silencing of MEK2 expression completely suppresses the proliferation of human colon carcinoma cell lines, whereas inactivation of MEK1 has a much weaker effect.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>MEK1 and MEK2 isoforms have similar transforming properties and are able to induce the formation of metastatic intestinal tumors in mice. Our results suggest that MEK2 plays a more important role than MEK1 in sustaining the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells.</p

Risk of subsequent primary oral cancer in a cohort of 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer in Europe: the PanCareSurFup study

Background Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk of subsequent primary malignant neoplasms (SPNs), but the risk for rarer types of SPNs, such as oral cancer, is uncertain. Previous studies included few oral SPNs, hence large-scale cohorts are required to identify groups at risks. Methods The PanCareSurFup cohort includes 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood cancer across Europe. Risks of oral SPNs were defined by standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), absolute excess risks and cumulative incidence. Results One hundred and forty-five oral SPNs (64 salivary gland, 38 tongue, 20 pharynx, 2 lip, and 21 other) were ascertained among 143 survivors. Survivors were at 5-fold risk of an oral SPN (95% CI: 4.4-5.6). Survivors of leukaemia were at greatest risk (SIR = 19.2; 95% CI: 14.6-25.2) followed by bone sarcoma (SIR = 6.4, 95% CI: 3.7-11.0), Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 6.2, 95% CI: 3.9-9.9) and soft-tissue sarcoma (SIR = 5.0, 95% CI: 3.0-8.5). Survivors treated with radiotherapy were at 33-fold risk of salivary gland SPNs (95% CI: 25.3-44.5), particularly Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 66.2, 95% CI: 43.6-100.5) and leukaemia (SIR = 50.5, 95% CI: 36.1-70.7) survivors. Survivors treated with chemotherapy had a substantially increased risk of a tongue SPN (SIR = 15.9, 95% CI: 10.6-23.7). Conclusions Previous radiotherapy increases the risk of salivary gland SPNs considerably, while chemotherapy increases the risk of tongue SPNs substantially. Awareness of these risks among both health-care professionals and survivors could play a crucial role in detecting oral SPNs early.</p

Limiter les naissances : entre le modèle véhiculé par l'École sociale populaire et la réalité des couples québécois (1920-1940)

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 201