Vitamina A em dietas para tilápia do Nilo

Dietary vitamin supplementation decrease stress caused by high stocking density, and boosts immunological system of farmed fish. A studied was carried out to determine vitamin A requirements of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in an all male group (13.8 ± 1.2 g) and a mixed sex population (9.8 ± 2.3 g). Fish stocked in 100-L plastic aquaria (26.0 ± 1.0ºC) were fed to near satiety, twice a day, seven days a week, during 75 days with vitamin A-free, semi-purified diets supplemented with 0; 600; 1,200; 1,800; 2,400; 3,000; 3,600; 4,200; 4,800 and 5,400 International Units (IU) of retinyl palmitate (30% vitamin A) per kg of diet in a completely randomized experimental design, factorial arrangement 2c10 (n = 4). Deficiency signs of vitamin A were observed in fish fed 0 to 1.200 IU vitamin A kg-1 diet; moderate signs were observed in fish fed diets with 1.800 to 3.600 IU vitamin A kg-1 diet; no interactions group*level (p 0.05). A group effect was observed regarding all performance variables (p 0,05). Foi observado efeito de grupo no desempenho dos peixes (p < 0,0001). Foi detectado o retinol hepático através de HPLC somente no grupo alimentado com 5.400 UI de retinol kg-1 de dieta, caracterizando assim que o mesmo foi utilizado e armazenado. A quantidade de 5.400 IU de retinol kg-1 de dieta é a mínima recomendada para tilápia do Nil

Vitamina A em dietas para tilápia do Nilo

Dietary vitamin supplementation decrease stress caused by high stocking density, and boosts immunological system of farmed fish. A studied was carried out to determine vitamin A requirements of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in an all male group (13.8 ± 1.2 g) and a mixed sex population (9.8 ± 2.3 g). Fish stocked in 100-L plastic aquaria (26.0 ± 1.0ºC) were fed to near satiety, twice a day, seven days a week, during 75 days with vitamin A-free, semi-purified diets supplemented with 0; 600; 1,200; 1,800; 2,400; 3,000; 3,600; 4,200; 4,800 and 5,400 International Units (IU) of retinyl palmitate (30% vitamin A) per kg of diet in a completely randomized experimental design, factorial arrangement 2c10 (n = 4). Deficiency signs of vitamin A were observed in fish fed 0 to 1.200 IU vitamin A kg-1 diet; moderate signs were observed in fish fed diets with 1.800 to 3.600 IU vitamin A kg-1 diet; no interactions group*level (p < 0.05) were detected. Dietary levels of vitamin A up to 5.400 IU kg-1 influenced final weight and weight gain of fish (p < 0.05), but did not influence feed consumption (p > 0.05). A group effect was observed regarding all performance variables (p < 0.0001). Quantification of hepatic retinol (HPLC) detected vitamin A only in fish fed 5.400 IU retinol kg-1 of diet, therefore characterizing that dietary retinol was used and stored. The quantity of 5.400 IU of retinol kg-1 of diet is recommended for adequate nutrition of Nile tilapia.A suplementação de vitaminas na dieta diminui o estresse e estimula o sistema imunológico causado por altas densidades de estocagem dos peixes. Este trabalho determinou a exigência em vitamina A para a tilápia do Nilo em uma população monosexo masculina (13.8 ± 1.2 g) e em uma população original (9.8 ± 2.3 g). Os peixes foram estocados em aquários plásticos de 100 L (26.0 ± 1.0ºC) e alimentados "ad libitum", duas vezes ao dia, sete dias da semana, durante 75 dias com dieta semi-purificada suplementada com 0; 600; 1.200; 1.800; 2.400; 3.000; 3.600; 4.200; 4.800 e 5.400 UI de retinyl palmitato (30% de vitamina A) por kg de dieta, em um delineamento experimental totalmente ao acaso e arranjo fatorial 2c10 (n = 4). Deficiência nutricional severa foi observada em peixes alimentados com 0 a 1.200 UI vitamina A kg-1 de dieta; sinais moderados foram encontrados em peixes alimentados com 1.800 a 3.600 UI vitamina A kg-1 de dieta; interações grupo*nível (p < 0,05) não foram detectadas. O aumento de nível de vitamina A influenciou no peso final e no ganho de peso dos peixes (p < 0,05), mas não influenciou o consumo de ração (p > 0,05). Foi observado efeito de grupo no desempenho dos peixes (p < 0,0001). Foi detectado o retinol hepático através de HPLC somente no grupo alimentado com 5.400 UI de retinol kg-1 de dieta, caracterizando assim que o mesmo foi utilizado e armazenado. A quantidade de 5.400 IU de retinol kg-1 de dieta é a mínima recomendada para tilápia do Nilo.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Vitamin A in diets for Nile tilapia

A suplementação de vitaminas na dieta diminui o estresse e estimula o sistema imunológico causado por altas densidades de estocagem dos peixes. Este trabalho determinou a exigência em vitamina A para a tilápia do Nilo em uma população monosexo masculina (13.8 ± 1.2 g) e em uma população original (9.8 ± 2.3 g). Os peixes foram estocados em aquários plásticos de 100 L (26.0 ± 1.0ºC) e alimentados "ad libitum", duas vezes ao dia, sete dias da semana, durante 75 dias com dieta semi-purificada suplementada com 0; 600; 1.200; 1.800; 2.400; 3.000; 3.600; 4.200; 4.800 e 5.400 UI de retinyl palmitato (30% de vitamina A) por kg de dieta, em um delineamento experimental totalmente ao acaso e arranjo fatorial 2c10 (n = 4). Deficiência nutricional severa foi observada em peixes alimentados com 0 a 1.200 UI vitamina A kg-1 de dieta; sinais moderados foram encontrados em peixes alimentados com 1.800 a 3.600 UI vitamina A kg-1 de dieta; interações grupo*nível (p ; 0,05). Foi observado efeito de grupo no desempenho dos peixes (p ; 0.05). A group effect was observed regarding all performance variables (p < 0.0001). Quantification of hepatic retinol (HPLC) detected vitamin A only in fish fed 5.400 IU retinol kg-1 of diet, therefore characterizing that dietary retinol was used and stored. The quantity of 5.400 IU of retinol kg-1 of diet is recommended for adequate nutrition of Nile tilapia

Folatos em brócolis convencional e orgânico e perdas no processo de cocção em água

Broccoli is a vegetable consumed in many countries and a possible source of folates, which are water-soluble vitamins active during DNA synthesis. The folates found in the samples analyzed were 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. The vitamin content varied between 413.7 and 742.2 µg/100 g for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and from 4.8 to 12.8 µg/100 g for 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. In organic broccoli the amount of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was significantly higher than in the same vegetable cultivated by traditional methods, for the commercial samples analyzed. The losses of these folates after cooking in water were of approximately 68%, most of it (53%) found in the cooking water

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ