Estimation of atmospheric emissions and water use in the production of electricity with sugarcane residues

Orientador: Arnaldo Cesar da Silva WalterDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar a emissão de gases de efeito estufa, óxidos de nitrogênio e material particulado, o uso e consumo de água e a geração de cinzas, decorrentes do aproveitamento da biomassa residual de cana-de-açúcar - bagaço e palha - como combustível, em especial para produção de eletricidade excedente. Os principais resultados obtidos demonstram que há boas oportunidades de promover a redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa pelo uso da biomassa como combustível, em especial pela substituição de óleo combustível, em outras atividades econômicas, e também pela geração de eletricidade excedente, para ser exportada para a rede elétrica. O estudo mostra também que o setor é intensivo nas emissões de óxidos de nitrogênio e material particulado, quando se considera emissões não controladas desses poluentes. Isso faz despertar a atenção quanto à necessidade de monitoramento e controle dessas emissões. Finalmente, o estudo conclui que uso e consumo de água, já bastante intensos na atividade sucroalcooleira, deverão aumentar, caso se concretize a expansão da produção de excedentes através de turbinas de condensaçãoAbstract: The objective of this dissertation is to assess atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, water use and consumption and ash generation, due to the use of sugarcane biomass residues - bagasse and trash - as fuel, specially for the production of surplus electricity, in Brazil. The main results obtained show that there are good opportunities of reducing greenhouse gases emissions by using sugarcane residues as fuel, specially in the substitution of fuel oil, in other economic activities, but also in the production of surplus electricity, to be exported to the electricity grid. The study also shows that the sugarcane sector is intensive with regard to atmospheric emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, when considering non-controlled emissions. It renders monitoring and controlling a very important issue. Finally, the study concludes that water use and consumption, already very important in the sugarcane sector, must increase if the expansion of surplus electricity production takes place by means of condensing turbinesMestradoMestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energético

Decreased dentin tubules density and reduced thickness of peritubular dentin in hyperbilirubinemia-related green teeth

It is stated anecdotally that patients with liver diseases in childhood who develop green teeth have increased risk for rampant caries, which may be secondary to changes in dental structure. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hyperbilirubinemia affects the dentin morphology of green teeth. Sixteen primary teeth were prepared and divided into two groups (green teeth, n = 8 and control, n = 8), which were transversely fractured across the cervical third of the dental crowns; dentin was prepared and sputter-coated with gold, and examined under a scanning electron microscope. The mean density and mean diameter of dentin tubules, as well as the thickness of peritubular dentin, were compared. Hyperbilirubinemia was associated with a decrease in the density of the dentin tubules (p< .01) and the thickness of peritubular dentin of green teeth (p< .01). There was a correlation between childhood hyperbilirubinemia and changes in the dentin morphology, including a decrease in the density of the dentin tubules and a reduction in the thickness of peritubular dentin in green teeth

Technical-economic Assessment Of Different Biogas Upgrading Routes From Vinasse Anaerobic Digestion In The Brazilian Bioethanol Industry

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)This paper presents a technical-economic assessment of biomethane production from vinasse in the Brazilian bioethanol industry, considering five technological routes of biogas upgrading. The technologies assessed were pressure water scrubbing, organic-physical scrubbing, amine scrubbing, membrane separation and pressure swing adsorption. The biomethane costs of the five technological routes overlapped in the range between R$30/GJ(HHv) (US$13/GJ(HHv)) and R$34/GJ(HHv) (US$14/GJ(HHv)), which indicates a certain equivalence of the options. Those costs were comparable to the prices of potential alternative fuels at 2014 prices, such as the Bolivian natural gas, priced at R$20/GJ (US$8/GJ); imported LNG, at R$31/ GJ (US$13/GJ); and diesel, at R$42/GJ (US$18/GJ). The effects of scale on biomethane cost were also assessed and pointed out that the likely minimum scale for vinasse-to-biomethane projects aiming at diesel substitution would be at sugarcane mills with a minimum capacity of producing 87 million liters of ethanol per season, whereas if the aim were to target natural gas markets, 174 million liters of ethanol per season would likely be the minimum capacity for competitive prices. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.119754766CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico Brasil) [140691/2016-2]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Existe diferença no estadiamento entre doentes operados de câncer colorretal no sistema previdenciário e na clinica privada?

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se existe diferença no estadiamento de doentes submetidos à ressecção intestinal por câncer colorretal no sistema previdenciário e na clínica privada. MÉTODO: Foram estudados de forma retrospectiva 41 doentes (16 homens e 25 mulheres) com idade média de 59,4 anos operados no sistema previdenciário (SP) e 33 doentes (18 homens e 15 mulheres) com idade média de 60,8 anos operados na clínica privada (CP). Foram avaliados o estadiamento TNM, a frequência de operações de urgência, de operações paliativas e do uso de colostomia. RESULTADOS: Não se observou diferença entre o estadiamento dos dois grupos. A frequência de operações de urgência foi 26,8% no SP e 12,1% na CP (p=0,100). As operações paliativas ( 19,5% SP x 6,1% CP) e o uso de colostomia ( 26,8 SP X 15,2 CP) foram maiores no sistema previdenciário porém os valores não foram estatisticamente significantes, valores de p=0,087 e p=0,352 respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Não há diferença significante entre o estadiamento TNM de doentes operados no sistema previdenciário e privado

How Brazilian dentists work within a new community care context? A qualitative study.

The aim of this study was to analyze the value and meanings that dental surgeons attribute to the Primary Health Care setting, where health promotion is encouraged over a mechanistic performance of procedures. A qualitative study, involving ten Brazilian dental surgeons working in Primary Care in 2016, was designed. In-depth semi-structured interviews were performed, with all interviews recorded, transcribed and subsequently submitted to Qualitative Content Analysis. Despite the Healthcare Promotion model proposed by the Brazilian oral health policy, dental surgeons demonstrated preferences for private and traditional dental practices. These characteristics are counterproductive in public oral health services, which aim to achieve collective health benefits. Traditional practice is based upon a specific and restricted focus, as opposed to overall patient care, hence maintaining the original professional identity, ruled by manual procedures, while demonstrating scientifically fragile understanding of disease processes. Despite the implementation of public service models that aim at change, counterproductive characteristics associated with the deeply rooted traditional management strategies were evidenced

Uma experiência de ensino de estatística a distância para um curso de engenharia

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que analisou a percepção dos alunos de uma disciplina de estatística na modalidade a distância. A originalidade da pesquisa reside na inversão da perspectiva de análise. Usualmente, os cursos são avaliados tendo como métrica principal as notas obtidas pelos alunos. No presente estudo, foi adotada uma lógica distinta: identificar a percepção dos alunos sobre a primeira versão da disciplina, visando integrar suas representações, positivas ou negativas, no processo de reformulação do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Os participantes do projeto optaram, inicialmente, pela incorporação das inovações tecnológicas na estrutura da disciplina, mantendo as mesmas dinâmicas das aulas presenciais, porém, num ambiente virtual. Também foi decidido que as mudanças pedagógicas teriam início após a consolidação e a validação dos suportes tecnológicos. Foi utilizado como instrumento um questionário aplicado aos alunos. Os resultados obtidos apresentam as preferências dos alunos com relação aos recursos e suportes tecnológicos que favorecem o aprendizado, benefícios e dificuldades experimentados nessa primeira versão da disciplina e sugerem que o novo formato contribui para o aprimoramento do processo de aprendizagemThis paper presents the results of a survey that analyzed the students’ perceptions of a discipline of statistics in a distance learning format. The originality of the research resides in a reversal of perspective analysis. Usually, courses are evaluated by considering the grades obtained by students. The present study applied a different logic: identify the perceptions of students on the first version of the discipline to integrate its representations, positive or negative, in the evolution of the virtual learning environment. Project participants decided for the incorporation of technological innovations in the structure of the discipline while maintaining the same dynamics of the classroom, but in the virtual environment. It was also decided that the pedagogical changes would begin after the consolidation and validation of technological environment, and then a questionnaire was applied to the students. Results show the learners’ preferences with regard to the technological resources and supports that promote learning, benefits and difficulties experienced in this first version of the course and suggest that the new format contributes to the improvement of the learning proces