Bioethics in brazilian dentistry undergraduate courses: Bioética nos cursos de graduação em odontologia brasileiros

A literature review was conducted with the objective of evaluating the insertion and teaching of bioethics in Brazilian dentistry undergraduate courses, after the publication of the National Curriculum Guidelines of 2002. Twelve articles were selected from the Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs databases, published between 2002 and 2020. The results showed that many colleges had not yet inserted the discipline of bioethics in their syllabus, in some of those they had inserted, teaching was predominantly theoretical and disjointed from the other disciplines. It was also evidenced that, in institutions where active methodologies were associated with the teaching of bioethics, the results were more positive. It is concluded that the insertion of bioethics can contribute to the ethical and humanistic formation of the students, and more recent studies on the subject are necessary

Evaluation of antimicrobial use in the basic health units of Ponte Nova / MG

 Antimicrobials are prescribed drugs in large quantity in Primary Care. The use of these has been highlighted in the policies to rationalize the use of medicines, for being more consumed and because these are drugs most wrongly and abusively used. The study das as an objective to evaluate the process of antibacterial therapy in primary health care of Ponte Nova/MG, identifying the classes of most used antimicrobials, the main bacterial infections, comparing them to the indications to antibacterial therapy protocols.  Field research was carried out in the Basic Health Units and in the Pharmacy of Minas, based on interviews guided by a survey, structured in a database with all the information collected through the program Epiinfo 7.2.1.0.   Amoxicillin was the antimicrobial that appeared the most in the prescriptions, followed by cephalexin, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. Among the most identified infections are the urinary tract and upper respiratory tract. Brazil and the European countries presented the same antimicrobial consumption pattern.  The study illustrated the major problem currently presented, the considered increased risk of bacterial resistance, as it confirmed the abusive use of antimicrobials to treat infections

Contribution to Local Landscape Units definition in OTALEX II

OTALEX II is the Territorial and Environmental Observatory of Alentejo (Portugal) and Extremadura (Spain), co-financed by POCTEP, developed with the cross-border collaboration of several Portuguese and Spanish bodies. It is composed of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) created in 2007, SDI-OTALEX (www.ideotalex.eu), which is an exchange platform for geographic information and Webmapping services among project partners. The integration of environmental indicators such as landscape indicators, for the characterization and monitoring of the Alentejo Extremadura area is one of the most relevant components of the project. This paper reports the achievements in defining Local Landscape Units (LLU) for a pilot area of Central Alentejo – the Pardiela river basin. The methodological approach applied Geographic Information System tools to integrate soils, geomorphology and land cover. The land cover map applies the CORINE Land Cover Legend Level 5 to Central Alentejo at a scale of 1 : 10,000. This map contains variables related to vegetation, hydrology (streams and water bodies) and human settlements (buildings, equipment, roads). The validation of the results obtained for LLU with previously defined Landscape Units and potential vegetation mapping confirm the reliability and replicability of the present methodology for similar territories

Análise bioética do uso de recém-cadáveres na aprendizagem prática em medicina

OBJETIVO: Realizar, a partir de ampla revisão crítica da literatura nacional e internacional, a discussão sobre o tema. MÉTODOS: Revisão da literatura com pesquisa de artigos entre 1977 e 2007 nos sites de pesquisa (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PUBMED e SCIELO, utilizando as palavras-chave: newly deceased patients, newly dead patients, simulators, recém-cadáveres, simuladores. Busca complementar em livros da área de ética e bioética. Apreciação e reflexão crítica sobre o assunto. RESULTADOS: A prática da utilização de recém-cadáver para o aprendizado de procedimentos invasivos é muito frequente e pouco admitida. Estes, na maioria das vezes, são realizados às escondidas e sem o conhecimento ou consentimento da família, muitas vezes sem a adequada orientação de um docente. No Brasil, a regulamentação deontológica e legal não respalda tal uso, devendo a eticidade destas práticas ser discutida na formação do profissional durante a graduação. CONCLUSÃO: É essencial que a discussão da eticidade do uso de recém-cadáveres para a aprendizagem de procedimentos invasivos seja realizada pela comunidade acadêmica (docentes e discentes) e estendida para os serviços. A realização dos procedimentos por estudantes deve sempre ser precedida de autorização do familiar, sendo a prática em simuladores o passo inicial do treinamento dos estudantes.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to carry out, a discussion on the subject of bioethics and cadavers based upon a critic review of literature . METHODS: A review of literature, was made with a survey of articles between 1977 and 2007 in the sites "Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde", PubMed and SciElo, utilizing the keywords: newly deceased patients, newly dead patients, simulators,. This was complemented by a critical evaluation of books published in the area of ethics and bioethics RESULTS: The possibility to develop learning without orientation by a supervisor is doubtful.. The utilization of newly dead for learning invasive procedures is very frequent and seldom admitted. These procedures, are usually, carried out secretly, without the knowledge and consent of the family. The ethical aspects of these practices are not discussed in the practical medical education. CONCLUSION: It essential that the ethics of use of recent deceased become a necessary content of graduate education. Performance of these procedures by students should always be authorized by family members. The simulators meet the requirements of training. Discussions about the ethical and bioethical aspects cannot be separated from practical considerations during the students learning time

Knowledge about tuberculosis in individuals deprived of liberty of a regional penitentiary in the Zona da Mata Mineira - Brazil

Objective: To evaluate knowledge related to TB and to investigate the predictive factors of the prisoners' knowledge status in a regional penitentiary in the Zona da Mata Mineira - Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and institutionally based study that was conducted with 729 individuals deprived of their liberty in a regional penitentiary. A questionnaire was applied and the detainees 'knowledge about tuberculosis was obtained from the participants' answers to questions about tuberculosis prevention, transmission and treatment. For data analysis, multiple logistic regression was used. Results: Approximately 40% of the detainees reported not having knowledge about transmission, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis and the lack of knowledge was associated with the following variables: lower education, lower income, closed regime, being the first prison, not having contact with TB outside and inside the prison, not showing symptoms of cough with secretion, weakness and chest pain and not having an HIV test. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge about tuberculosis was associated with education, income, prison terms, first prison, contact with TB outside and inside the prison, symptoms of tuberculosis and HIV testing. The recognition of these factors can contribute to the development of educational interventions aimed at controlling tuberculosis in this population.Objective: To evaluate knowledge related to TB and to investigate the predictive factors of the prisoners' knowledge status in a regional penitentiary in the Zona da Mata Mineira - Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and institutionally based study that was conducted with 729 individuals deprived of their liberty in a regional penitentiary. A questionnaire was applied and the detainees 'knowledge about tuberculosis was obtained from the participants' answers to questions about tuberculosis prevention, transmission and treatment. For data analysis, multiple logistic regression was used. Results: Approximately 40% of the detainees reported not having knowledge about transmission, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis and the lack of knowledge was associated with the following variables: lower education, lower income, closed regime, being the first prison, not having contact with TB outside and inside the prison, not showing symptoms of cough with secretion, weakness and chest pain and not having an HIV test. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge about tuberculosis was associated with education, income, prison terms, first prison, contact with TB outside and inside the prison, symptoms of tuberculosis and HIV testing. The recognition of these factors can contribute to the development of educational interventions aimed at controlling tuberculosis in this population

(Bio)ethics and primary health care: Dental surgeons' perspectives / (Bio)ética e atenção primária à saúde: Perspectivas dos cirurgiões dentistas

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe (1) the main (bio)ethical problems identified by dentists working in Primary Health Care (PHC) of the Viçosa-MG Health Microregion, (2) the conduct adopted by them in front of these questions and (3) the knowledge of these professionals about ethics and bioethics. Methods: This is a quantitative-qualitative study with questionnaire application to 48 dentists. A descriptive analysis of quantitative data and content analysis of Lawrence Bardin was performed. Results: Thirty-eight participants identified (bio)ethical problems, which were categorized into related problems: to PHC team members; management; to the team and users; and the breach of confidentiality. Of the total, 46% of the participants said that there was a solution to these questions and 79% answered that they did not know any concept of ethics and bioethics. Conclusion: The results of this study corroborate the need for permanent education directed to professionals, so that they recognize and deliberate on (bio)ethical problems. 

Probable chronic renal failure caused by Lonomia caterpillar envenomation

Erucism is a skin reaction to envenomation from certain poisonous caterpillar bristles. In Brazil, most reports of erucism provoked by Lonomia caterpillars are from the southern region. Most manifestations of erucism are local and include burning pain, itching, local hyperthermia and, rarely, blisters (benign symptoms with spontaneous regression in a few hours). General symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, headache, fever, myalgia, abdominal pain and conjunctivitis may also occur. Uncommon symptoms include arthritis, coagulation disorders (manifested as bruising and bleeding), intracerebral hemorrhage and acute renal failure, which comprise serious complications. The present study reports the case of 60-year-old patient from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, who came into contact with a caterpillar and developed, a few days later, chronic renal disease