Preservation of Synchronization Using a Tracy‐Singh Product in the Transformation on Their Linear Matrix

Preservation is related to local asymptotic stability in nonlinear systems by using dynamical systems tools. It is known that a system, which is stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable at origin, through a transformation can remain stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable. Some systems permit partition of its nonlinear equation in a linear and nonlinear part. Some authors have stated that such systems preserve their local asymptotic stability through the transformations on their linear part. The preservation of synchronization is a typical application of these types of tools and it is considered an interesting topic by scientific community. This chapter is devoted to extend the methodology of the dynamical systems through a partition in the linear part and the nonlinear part, transforming the linear part using the Tracy-Singh product in the Jacobian matrix. This methodology preserves the structure of signs through the real part of eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the dynamical systems in their equilibrium points. The principal part of this methodology is that it permits to extend the fundamental theorems of the dynamical systems, given a linear transformation. The results allow us to infer the hyperbolicity, the stability and the synchronization of transformed systems of higher dimension

Desalination effects on macroalgae (part A): Laboratory-controlled experiments with Dictyota spp. from the Pacific Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

Desalination brines from direct seawater intake that get discharged to coastal areas may produce stress responses on benthic marine communities, mostly due to its excess salinity, and especially on sessile organisms; in this context, macroalgae have been understudied in desalination ecotoxicological investigations. In this study, we assessed the short- and long-term cellular tolerance responses in two brown species of the macroalgae genus Dictyota through controlled laboratory conditions. Dictyota kunthii was collected from the eastern Pacific Ocean (average salinity, ~34 psu), whereas Dictyota dichotoma was from the Mediterranean Sea (average salinity, ~37 psu). Each macroalgae species was exposed for up to 7 days to two conditions with increased salinity values: +2 and +7 psu above their natural average salinity. Photosynthetic parameters and oxidative stress measurements were determined. The results showed that, in both Dictyota species, high salinity values induced reduced photoinhibition (Fv/Fm) but increased the primary productivity (ETRmax) and light requirement (EkETR) especially after 7 days. Conversely, the photosynthetic efficiency (αETR) decreased in hypersalinity treatments in D. dichotoma, while there were no changes in D. kunthii. The reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was greater at high salinity values at 3 days for D. dichotoma and after 7 days in D. kunthii, while lipid peroxidation decreases under hypersalinity with time in both species. Despite the evident H2O2 accumulation in both species against hypersalinity, it did not produce oxidative damage and important impairment in the photosynthetic apparatus. These results contribute to understanding the tolerance strategies at the cellular level of Dictyota spp., which may be considered as potential candidates for biomonitoring of desalination impacts in the field.We gratefully thank the financial support from ANID FONDECYT Postdoctoral fellowship #3180394, European Commission Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions #888415, and ANID INES I+D # INID210013. Financial support for mobility was granted from SEGIB Scholarship and Fundación Carolina of Spain to PM. We also thank TESPOST 04/19 PhD scholarship granted by Universidad de Playa Ancha to PM. The initiative was also funded by Universidad de Playa Ancha through the Concurso Regular de Investigación 2019 no. CEA 19-20

Desalination effects on macroalgae (part b): Transplantation experiments at brine-impacted sites with Dictyota spp. from the Pacific Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

Desalination residual brines are mostly discharged to marine environments, which can produce osmotic stress on sensitive benthic organisms. In this investigation, we performed transplantation experiments nearby desalination plants using two brown macroalgae species from a cosmopolitan genus: Dictyota kunthii (Chile) and Dictyota dichotoma (Spain). Parameters related to photosynthetic activity and oxidative stress were evaluated at 3 and 7 days for D. kunthii, and 3 and 6 days for D. dichotoma; each at 2 different impacted sites and 1 control. We observed that brine exposition at both impacted sites in Chile generated a marked stress response on D. kunthii, reflected in a decrease of primary productivity (ETRmax), light requirement (EkETR), and an excessive thermal dissipation (NPQmax), especially at 7 days. In D. dichotoma, similar impaired photosynthetic activity was recorded but only at the highest brine influence site during day 3. Regarding oxidative stress, both species displayed high levels of H2O2 when exposed to brine-influenced sites. Although in D. kunthii H2O2 content together with lipid peroxidation was higher after 3 days, these returned to baseline values towards day 7; instead, D. dichotoma H2O2 levels increased only at day 6. This easy and practical approach has proven to provide valuable data to address potential impacts of brine discharges at global scale coastal ecosystems.We gratefully thank financial support to ANID FONDECYT Postdoctoral fellowship #3180394, European Commission Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions #888415, and ANID INES I+D # INID210013. Financial support for mobility granted from SEGIB Scholarship and Fundación Carolina of Spain to PM. Also, we thank TESPOST 04/19 PhD scholarship granted by Universidad de Playa Ancha to PM

Y-balance-test in soccer players according to the competition level

El presente estudio pretende mostrar de forma descriptiva los rangos de normalidad del Y-Balance-Test (YBT) para 173 jugadores de fútbol masculino, agrupados en 5 categorías (Cadetes: n= 48; edad= 14.18 ± 2.02 años; Juveniles: n= 62; edad= 18.20 ± 2.04 años; 3ª División: n = 21; edad = 25.42 ± 4.52 años; 2ª División B: n = 19; edad = 25.68 ± 3.00 años; 1ª División: n = 23; edad = 32.91 ± 3.04 años) y diferenciando la posición específica (portero, lateral, defensa central, centrocampista, extremo y delanteros). Los resultados del presente estudio se presentan en medias y desviaciones típicas, con el fin de poder mostrar el alcance normalizado (pierna dominante, no dominante) y las asimetrías entre extremidades (promedio ± DE; Total d» ± 4 y % del total en cm). Aunque es un estudio descriptivo, los datos que aquí se encuentran, parecen mostrar una mejora en los rangos del YBT a medida que aumentan la categoría para todas las medidas evaluadas. De forma complementaria, podemos sugerir que los delanteros de todas las categorías presentan déficit en la medida posteromedial (PM) y los jugadores de categoría cadete y juvenil, concretamente en la posición de centrocampistas, poseen grandes déficits en la totalidad de las medidas con respecto a los demás participantes del estudio. En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos nos permitirán obtener un amplio espectro de medidas en el YBT para diferentes categorías, que hasta donde alcanza nuestro conocimiento no existe en la literatura, para así ser más precisos en su evaluación. Además, nos ayudará a conocer con más precisión los rangos de normalidad de cada uno de los grupos, valorando en cada momento como la edad de estos influye en las asimetrías que podemos encontrar en nuestros futbolistas, permitiéndonos actuar en el deportista y establecer programas preventivos individualizados y preventivos más eficientes.The aim of this study is to show the ranges of normality for soccer players in different categories evaluated by Y-Balance-Test (YBT). A total of 173 soccer players were evaluated and grouped in 5 different categories (U16: n= 48; age= 14.18 ± 2.02 age; U19: n= 62; age = 18.20 ± 2.04 age; Third Division: n = 21; age = 25.42 ± 4.52 age; Second Division B: n = 19; age = 25.68 ± 3.00 age; First Division: n = 23; age = 32.91 ± 3.04 age) according to their specific positions (goalkeeper, full backs, central defenders, center midfielders, wingers, and center forwards). The results of this research consist in the means and standard deviation for the YBT, with the purpose of explaining the standardized reach (dominant and non-dominant legs) and asymmetries between limbs (average ± DE; Total d» ± 4 and % of the total in cm). While the nature of this study is purely observational, an increase in the scores for all the measurements can be noted from lower to higher categories. At all categories, center forwards present a deficit in the posteromedial movement (PM), whereas center midfielder from U16 and U19 is the position with the highest deficits. The knowledge of the YBT scores is essential to understand with greater precision how categories influence the asymmetries, and consequently to create more effective preventive programs

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Open Access funded by SCOAP³ - Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics.-- et al.Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb-1. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph+pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat+sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation For Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund.Funded by SCOAP3.Peer Reviewe

Performance of photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

et al.A description is provided of the performance of the CMS detector for photon reconstruction and identification in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV at the CERN LHC. Details are given on the reconstruction of photons from energy deposits in the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) and the extraction of photon energy estimates. The reconstruction of electron tracks from photons that convert to electrons in the CMS tracker is also described, as is the optimization of the photon energy reconstruction and its accurate modelling in simulation, in the analysis of the Higgs boson decay into two photons. In the barrel section of the ECAL, an energy resolution of about 1% is achieved for unconverted or late-converting photons from H→γγ decays. Different photon identification methods are discussed and their corresponding selection efficiencies in data are compared with those found in simulated events.Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund.Peer Reviewe

Measurements of jet multiplicity and differential production cross sections of Z + jets events in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

et al.Measurements of differential cross sections are presented for the production of a Z boson and at least one hadronic jet in proton-proton collisions at √s=7  TeV, recorded by the CMS detector, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9  fb−1. The jet multiplicity distribution is measured for up to six jets. The differential cross sections are measured as a function of jet transverse momentum and pseudorapidity for the four highest transverse momentum jets. The distribution of the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta is also measured as a function of the jet multiplicity. The measurements are compared with theoretical predictions at leading and next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD.Individuals have received support from the Marie Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIABelgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMINGPLUS program of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced by the European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR Grant No. 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund.Peer Reviewe

Search for new resonances decaying via WZ to leptons in proton-proton collisions at √s=8TeV

Open Access funded by SCOAP³ - Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics.-- et al.A search is performed in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV for exotic particles decaying via WZ to fully leptonic final states with electrons, muons, and neutrinos. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb-1. No significant excess is observed above the expected standard model background. Upper bounds at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of a W' boson as predicted by an extended gauge model, and on the W'WZ coupling. The expected and observed mass limits for a W' boson, as predicted by this model, are 1.55 and 1.47 TeV, respectively. Stringent limits are also set in the context of low-scale technicolor models under a range of assumptions for the model parameters.Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation For Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund.Funded by SCOAP3.Peer Reviewe

Modifications to the delivery of a gross anatomy course during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Mexican medical school

The Coronavirus disease was declared a pandemic this year, causing an impact on medical education. Following the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations, Universities around the world implemented social distancing and the use of online platforms. Anatomists lead medical students, most of which are part of Generation Z. Different technological tools have been used in the gross anatomy course in combination with face-toface classes, but now are forced to move exclusively online. The Human Anatomy Department in the Medical School of the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (UANL) implemented asynchronous sessions as a short-term resolution, transformed to synchronous sessions as the pandemic progressed. It is important to consider the adaptability of the student, the near-peer teacher, and academic staff, with the creation of innovative ideas to facilitate the learning for the student and to maintain the quality of the course. Their role in this modality should be assessed, as it may change medical education and the way to teach in the future for the new generation of medical students. Professors’ roles are changing and it is necessary to adapt to new situations

Measurement of four-jet production in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV

This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.-- et al.Measurements of the differential cross sections for the production of exactly four jets in proton-proton collisions are presented as a function of the transverse momentum pT and pseudorapidity η, together with the correlations in azimuthal angle and the pT balance among the jets. The data sample was collected in 2010 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, with an integrated luminosity of 36pb-1. The cross section for exactly four jets, with two hard jets of pT>50GeV each, together with two jets of pT>20GeV each, within |η|<4.7 is measured to be σ= 330±5(stat.)±45(syst.)nb. It is found that fixed-order matrix element calculations including parton showers describe the measured differential cross sections in some regions of phase space only, and that adding contributions from double parton scattering brings the Monte Carlo predictions closer to the data.We acknowledge support from BMWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MEYS (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine Uzbekistan); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); ThEP, IPST and NECTEC (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET(EuropeanUnion); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dansl’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschapen Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports(MEYS) of Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Compagnia di San Paolo(Torino); the HOMINGPLUS programme of Foundation for PolishScience, cofinanced by EU,Re-gional Development Fund; and the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESFand the Greek NSRF.Peer reviewe