Heat Pump For Thermal Power Production In Dairy Farm

Besides cold for milk cooling, dairy facilities need to produce hot water for cleaning of tools and equipment. Overall, ohmic heating has been used in dairy farms, increasing power consumption and manufacturing costs. Therefore, as an alternative to reduce power consumption, this paper proposed a water-water heat pumping for simultaneous cold and heat generations. Accordingly, operational tests were performed with three heat-pump prototypes designed for dairy farms, in both laboratory and field levels. At laboratory, tests were carried out using electricity and CNG to define a coefficient of performance (COP). Biogas tests were performed in the field to measure its consumption. CNG average consumption was of 1.118 m(3)/h, while biogas consume was of 2.02 m(3)/h. COP averages of CNG driven pump were 0.20 for cooling, 0.39 for heating, and 0.59 for global. For electric-power driving, COP values were 1.75 for cooling, 2.25 for heating, and 4.00 for global. In addition to evaporating and compensating temperatures, engine rotation was one factor of influence on heat-pump performance.36577979

Perceived neighborhood environmental attributes associated with walking and cycling for transport among adult residents of 17 cities in 12 countries: The IPEN study

Introduction: Prevalence of walking and cycling for transport is low and varies greatly across countries. Few studies have examined neighborhood perceptions related to walking and cycling for transport in different countries. Therefore, it is challenging to prioritize appropriate built-environment interventions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the strength and shape of the relationship between adults’ neighborhood perceptions and walking and cycling for transport across diverse environments. Methods: As part of the International Physical activity and Environment Network (IPEN) adult project, self-reported data were taken from 13,745 adults (18–65 years) living in physically and socially diverse neighborhoods in 17 cities across 12 countries. Neighborhood perceptions were measured using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale, and walking and cycling for transport were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Long Form. Generalized additive mixed models were used to model walking or cycling for transport during the last seven days with neighborhood perceptions. Interactions by city were explored. Results: Walking-for-transport outcomes were significantly associated with perceived residential density, land use mix–access, street connectivity, aesthetics, and safety. Any cycling for transport was significantly related to perceived land use mix–access, street connectivity, infrastructure, aesthetics, safety, and perceived distance to destinations. Between-city differences existed for some attributes in relation to walking or cycling for transport. Conclusions: Many perceived environmental attributes supported both cycling and walking; however, highly walkable environments may not support cycling for transport. People appear to walk for transport despite safety concerns. These findings can guide the implementation of global health strategies

Analysis of different illumination systems for poultry houses of producing fertile eggs

Besides the ration, the most consumed input in the productive chain of the poultry industry is the electrical energy, mainly in the production of one day chicks, consuming energy in all the periods, from the egg production to incubation. For the egg production, huge amount of energy is used, in illumination systems of poultry houses in the wave length of the yellow color. The reduction of the energy expenses is tied up to the improvement of the illumination systems, since lamps of higher power, low efficiency and less durable, form the usual system. So, this work, developed in Southwest Parana, has aimed to develop an illumination system which uses a lesser amount of lamps, demanding less energy and long lasting. The illumination systems with sodium vapor 70 W, mixed vapor 250 W and fluorescent HO 110 W lamps were mounted, observing the minimum illuminance of 40 lux. A technical and economical analysis of the data proved that the sodium vapor system is the most economical and durable.Excluindo-se a ração, o insumo mais utilizado na cadeia produtiva da avicultura é a energia elétrica, principalmente na produção de pintinhos de um dia, ocorrendo consumo em todas as fases, desde a obtenção do ovo até a incubação. Para a produção do ovo consome-se grande quantidade de energia elétrica nos sistemas de iluminação dos aviários, devido à necessidade de exposição da poedeira à luz no comprimento de cor amarela. A redução dos gastos com energia elétrica está ligada à melhoria dos sistemas de iluminação, já que o sistema usual é formado por lâmpadas incandescentes de grande potência, baixa eficiência e vida útil curta. Assim, através deste trabalho, desenvolvido em uma granja do Sudoeste do Paraná, objetivou-se desenvolver um sistema de iluminação em que se utilizasse menor quantidade de lâmpadas, demandasse menor carga de energia elétrica e apresentasse maior durabilidade. Foram montados, então, os sistemas de iluminação a vapor de sódio 70 W, vapor mista 250 W e fluorescente HO 110 W, obedecendo-se ao índice mínimo de iluminância de 40 lux. Análise técnico-econômica dos dados levantados durante o período de duração do lote demonstrou que o sistema a vapor de sódio é o mais econômico e durável.42042

Characterization of particle size of polydispersed biomass by mechanical sieving

Polydispersed biomass has as one of the main features variations in particle dimension and size. Mean diameter determination methods by screening are widely used due to their relative simplicity and low cost. However, when applied for heterogeneous materials such as polydispersed biomass, they can lead to misleading results. Thus, we evaluated three methods for determining mean diameter of polydispersed biomass particles, aiming at most accurate results. The methods are based on size fractionation by mechanical sieving: one analytical (Sauter diameter) and two by graphical analysis of particle distribution functions (Mass Distribution Density - MDD and Cumulative/ Augmentative Distribution - CAD). The method based on graphical analysis of mass distribution density (MDD) was the most efficient for sugarcane bagasse analysis, once it enabled detecting different populations and clearly identifying their respective characteristic dimensions. Therefore, it is a powerful tool for particle size analysis of polydispersed biomass.A biomassa polidispersa tem como uma de suas principais características as variações das dimensões e dos formatos de suas partículas. Os métodos de determinação do diâmetro médio por peneiramento, amplamente utilizados devido a sua relativa simplicidade e baixo custo, quando aplicados a materiais heterogêneos, como a biomassa polidispersa, podem levar a resultados equivocados. Assim, com o objetivo de obter resultados mais precisos, foram avaliados três métodos de determinação do diâmetro médio de partículas de biomassa polidispersa, baseados na técnica de fracionamento por peneiramento mecânico: um de forma analítica (Diâmetro de Sauter) e outros dois por meio de análise gráfica das funções de distribuição das partículas (Função de Densidade de Distribuição Mássica e Função Cumulativa/Aumentativa de Distribuição). O método baseado na análise gráfica da função da distribuição da densidade mássica (FDDM) foi o mais eficiente para a análise do bagaço de cana, pois permitiu identificar as diferentes populações existentes e identificar com clareza as dimensões características, mostrando assim ser uma poderosa ferramenta para a análise granulométrica de biomassas polidispersas.36110211

Water flow influence on performance of a flat solar collector built in thermoplastic

Avaliou-se o rendimento térmico de um coletor solar plano construído em termoplástico, em condições reais de operação, registrando as temperaturas de entrada e de saída de água na placa, mediante quatro distintas vazões mássicas de água: 0,026 kg s-1; 0,04 kg s-1; 0,054 kg s-1; e 0,068 kg s-1. Os ensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Termodinâmica e Energia da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola da Unicamp. Com base nos valores de temperatura da água na entrada e na saída das placas, foram calculados os valores de potência térmica [W m-2]. O maior valor médio diário de potência térmica (753 W m-2) foi obtido para a vazão de 0,054 kg s-1. Para a maior vazão (0,068 kg s-1), o valor de potência térmica foi similar ao obtido para a vazão de 0,04 kg s-1 (715 W m-2), mostrando a existência de uma vazão ótima de operação.Avaliou-se o rendimento térmico de um coletor solar plano construído em termoplástico, em condições reais de operação, registrando as temperaturas de entrada e de saída de água na placa, mediante quatro distintas vazões mássicas de água: 0,026 kg s-1; 0,04 kg s-1; 0,054 kg s-1; e 0,068 kg s-1. Os ensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Termodinâmica e Energia da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola da Unicamp. Com base nos valores de temperatura da água na entrada e na saída das placas, foram calculados os valores de potência térmica [W m-2]. O maior valor médio diário de potência térmica (753 W m-2) foi obtido para a vazão de 0,054 kg s-1. Para a maior vazão (0,068 kg s-1), o valor de potência térmica foi similar ao obtido para a vazão de 0,04 kg s-1 (715 W m-2), mostrando a existência de uma vazão ótima de operação.v. 35n.466567

Characterization of particle size of polydispersed biomass by mechanical sieving

A biomassa polidispersa tem como uma de suas principais características as variações das dimensões e dos formatos de suas partículas. Os métodos de determinação do diâmetro médio por peneiramento, amplamente utilizados devido a sua relativa simplicidade e baixo custo, quando aplicados a materiais heterogêneos, como a biomassa polidispersa, podem levar a resultados equivocados. Assim, com o objetivo de obter resultados mais precisos, foram avaliados três métodos de determinação do diâmetro médio de partículas de biomassa polidispersa, baseados na técnica de fracionamento por peneiramento mecânico: um de forma analítica (Diâmetro de Sauter) e outros dois por meio de análise gráfica das funções de distribuição das partículas (Função de Densidade de Distribuição Mássica e Função Cumulativa/Aumentativa de Distribuição). O método baseado na análise gráfica da função da distribuição da densidade mássica (FDDM) foi o mais eficiente para a análise do bagaço de cana, pois permitiu identificar as diferentes populações existentes e identificar com clareza as dimensões características, mostrando assim ser uma poderosa ferramenta para a análise granulométrica de biomassas polidispersas.361102113Polydispersed biomass has as one of the main features variations in particle dimension and size. Mean diameter determination methods by screening are widely used due to their relative simplicity and low cost. However, when applied for heterogeneous materials such as polydispersed biomass, they can lead to misleading results. Thus, we evaluated three methods for determining mean diameter of polydispersed biomass particles, aiming at most accurate results. The methods are based on size fractionation by mechanical sieving: one analytical (Sauter diameter) and two by graphical analysis of particle distribution functions (Mass Distribution Density - MDD and Cumulative/ Augmentative Distribution - CAD). The method based on graphical analysis of mass distribution density (MDD) was the most efficient for sugarcane bagasse analysis, once it enabled detecting different populations and clearly identifying their respective characteristic dimensions. Therefore, it is a powerful tool for particle size analysis of polydispersed biomass

Perceived Neighborhood Environmental Attributes Associated with Walking and Cycling for Transport among Adult Residents of 17 Cities in 12 Countries: The IPEN Study

Introduction Prevalence of walking and cycling for transport is low and varies greatly across countries. Few studies have examined neighborhood perceptions related to walking and cycling for transport in different countries. Therefore, it is challenging to prioritize appropriate built-environment interventions. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the strength and shape of the relationship between adults’ neighborhood perceptions and walking and cycling for transport across diverse environments. Methods As part of the International Physical activity and Environment Network (IPEN) adult project, self-reported data were taken from 13,745 adults (18–65 years) living in physically and socially diverse neighborhoods in 17 cities across 12 countries. Neighborhood perceptions were measured using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale, and walking and cycling for transport were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Long Form. Generalized additive mixed models were used to model walking or cycling for transport during the last seven days with neighborhood perceptions. Interactions by city were explored. Results Walking-for-transport outcomes were significantly associated with perceived residential density, land use mix–access, street connectivity, aesthetics, and safety. Any cycling for transport was significantly related to perceived land use mix–access, street connectivity, infrastructure, aesthetics, safety, and perceived distance to destinations. Between-city differences existed for some attributes in relation to walking or cycling for transport. Conclusions Many perceived environmental attributes supported both cycling and walking; however, highly walkable environments may not support cycling for transport. People appear to walk for transport despite safety concerns. These findings can guide the implementation of global health strategies

Laterally Extended Endopelvic Resection (Leer) and Reconstructive Techniques for Treatment of Locally Advanced Cervix Cancer: A Case Report

The aim of this report is to describe the surgical procedure done in a 24-year-old woman who presents a locally advanced squamous cervix carcinoma and is proposed to laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER), intraoperative radiation therapy with electrons (IORT) and urinary and colon diversion with vaginal reconstruction. A year after surgery the patient is alive, without disease and with and acceptable quality of life