Use of ePortfolio as Integrated Learning Strategy in Computer Integrated Manufacturing Online Course

Integrated learning is a vital strategy for engaging undergraduate Engineering students in the higher levels of learning, as it encourages students to reflect on their learning processes and draw connections between course-work and real-world experiences. Specifically, ePortfolios encourage novice engineers to consider their learning processes over time, drawing connections between coursework and their intended profession, as well as cultivating an online identity that supports their efforts to pursue a career in Engineering. The use of ePortfolios is one method for fostering integrative learning, focusing on the application of digital communication and assessment and awareness of self-competence. By training students to archive digital artifacts related to their learning, ePortfolios encourage student to draw connections between course content and their future careers. Digital portfolios also provide students with the opportunity to develop an online presence, demonstrating through multi-modal content the skills they gained through their education. At the same time, students develop basic digital literacies, from creating and curating digital artifacts throughout the learning process, managing their data, to displaying knowledge and skills which are important for their future engineering careers. This paper examines the efforts of students at Old Dominion University (ODU), Norfolk, Virginia who created ePortfolios in a variety of contexts, as a part of a course which was specifically developed as part of a university wide ePortfolio initiative. In May 2015, faculty attended a professional development workshop, eP3: Praxis, Process, and Production, in order to learn about basic ePortfolio strategies and ways in which to foster students\u27 archival habits. The project presented in this paper was established in the summer 2015 semester in the undergraduate course Computer Integrated Manufacturing at the senior level

Mixed rain forest in southeastern Brazil: tree species regeneration and floristic relationships in a remaining stretch of forest near the city of Itaberá, Brazil

The aim of this work was to evaluate the floristic composition, richness, and diversity of the upper and lower strata of a stretch of mixed rain forest near the city of Itaberá, in southeastern Brazil. We also investigated the differences between this conservation area and other stretches of mixed rain forest in southern and southeastern Brazil, as well as other nearby forest formations, in terms of their floristic relationships. For our survey of the upper stratum (diameter at breast height [DBH] &gt; 15 cm), we established 50 permanent plots of 10 × 20 m. Within each of those plots, we designated five, randomly located, 1 × 1 m subplots, in order to survey the lower stratum (total height &gt; 30 cm and DBH < 15 cm). In the upper stratum, we sampled 1429 trees and shrubs, belonging to 134 species, 93 genera, and 47 families. In the lower stratum, we sampled 758 trees and shrubs, belonging to 93 species, 66 genera, and 39 families. In our floristic and phytosociological surveys, we recorded 177 species, belonging to 106 genera and 52 families. The Shannon Diversity Index was 4.12 and 3.5 for the upper and lower strata, respectively. Cluster analysis indicated that nearby forest formations had the strongest floristic influence on the study area, which was therefore distinct from other mixed rain forests in southern Brazil and in the Serra da Mantiqueira mountain range.7186Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Desafios da intergeracionalidade em tempos de pandemia: conflitos, cooperação e (re)construção de sociabilidades

This article aimed to understand intergenerational relationships during social distancing. A qualitative approach was adopted in line with bibliographic and field research, through the application of semi-structured interviews and oral history. The research was developed from the experience of four elderly women. The results point out that these relationships present tensions that allow both ruptures of ties and care and reconstruction of sociability. Finally, exclusive family support reveals the insufficiency of public policies that guarantee support to families in this function, requiring the State to implement the right to care for multiple old ages.Este artigo objetivou compreender as relações intergeracionais durante o distanciamento social. Foi adotada a abordagem qualitativa em consonância com as pesquisas bibliográfica e de campo, através da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e da história oral. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir da vivência de quatro idosas. Os resultados apontam que essas relações apresentam tensões que possibilitam tanto rupturas de vínculos como cuidado e reconstrução de sociabilidades. Por fim, o suporte exclusivo familiar revela a insuficiência de políticas públicas que garantam o apoio às famílias nessa função, requerendo que o Estado efetive o direito ao cuidado  das múltiplas velhices

Nordic walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial. Part II: Biomechanical and metabolic adaptations

BACKGROUND: Nordic walking is an attractive method of endurance training. Nevertheless, the biomechanic response due to the additional contribution of using poles in relation to free walking training has been less explored in the elderly. PURPOSE: This randomized parallel controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of Nordic walking and free walking training on the walking economy, mechanical work, metabolically optimal speed, and electromyographic activation in elderly. METHODS: Thirty-three sedentary elderly were randomized into Nordic walking (n = 16) and free walking group (n = 17) with equalized loads. Submaximal walking tests were performed from 1 to 5 km h-1 on the treadmill. RESULTS: Walking economy was improved in both free and Nordic walking groups (x2 4.91, p = 0.014) and the metabolically optimal speed was increased by approximately 0.5 km h-1 changing the speed-cost profile. The electromyographic activation in lower and upper limbs, pendular recovery, and total, external, and internal mechanical work remained unchanged (p &gt; 0.05). Interestingly, the internal mechanical work associated with arm movement was higher in the Nordic walking group than in the free walking group after training, while the co-contraction from upper limb muscles was reduced similarly to both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Eight weeks of Nordic walking training effectively improved the walking economy and functionality as well as maintained the gait mechanics, similar to free walking training in elderly people. This enhancement in the metabolic economy may have been mediated by a reduction in the co-contraction from upper limb muscles. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrails.gov NCT03096964

Cost-Effectiveness of World Health Organization 2010 Guidelines for Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Zimbabwe

Background. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) released revised guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission (PMTCT). We projected clinical impacts, costs, and cost-effectiveness of WHO-recommended PMTCT strategies in Zimbabwe. Methods. We used Zimbabwean data in a validated computer model to simulate a cohort of pregnant, HIV-infected women (mean age, 24 years; mean CD4 count, 451 cells/µL; subsequent 18 months of breastfeeding). We simulated guideline-concordant care for 4 PMTCT regimens: single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP); WHO-recommended Option A, WHO-recommended Option B, and Option B+ (lifelong maternal 3-drug antiretroviral therapy regardless of CD4). Outcomes included maternal and infant life expectancy (LE) and lifetime healthcare costs (2008 US dollars [USD]). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs, in USD per year of life saved [YLS]) were calculated from combined (maternal + infant) discounted costs and LE. Results. Replacing sdNVP with Option A increased combined maternal and infant LE from 36.97 to 37.89 years and would reduce lifetime costs from $5760 to$5710 per mother–infant pair. Compared with Option A, Option B further improved LE (38.32 years), and saved money within 4 years after delivery ($5630 per mother–infant pair). Option B+ (LE, 39.04 years; lifetime cost,$6620 per mother–infant pair) improved maternal and infant health, with an ICER of $1370 per YLS compared with Option B. Conclusions. Replacing sdNVP with Option A or Option B will improve maternal and infant outcomes and save money; Option B increases health benefits and decreases costs compared with Option A. Option B+ further improves maternal outcomes, with an ICER (compared with Option B) similar to many current HIV-related healthcare interventions

Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze secondary forest phytosociology on the Bananal Ecological Station, Brazil

In the present work, we aimed to evaluate successional forest stage and horizontal, vertical and diametric structures of upper and under strata on a secondary forest stretch under Araucaria angustifolia on the Bananal Ecological Station, São Paulo state, Brazil. During upper stratum survey (circumference at breast height (CBH) &gt; 15 cm), 43 permanent plots of 10 × 20 m were established. In each plot, five sub-plots of 1 × 1 m were randomly allocated for under stratum (total height &gt; 30 cm and CBH <15 cm) survey. Regarding upper stratum, density and dominance were estimated on 2142 ind./ha and 32.49 m²/ha, respectively, in absolute total values. Concerning under stratum, total absolute density was estimated on 48,302 ind./ha. The diametric structure of the community follows the J-invert pattern, which was not observed for Brazilian Pine population, compromising its maintenance in the community. The auto-ecology of the species supports the catalyzation of secondary succession under its crown, which was classified at middle successional stage.O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o estágio sucessional e as estruturas horizontal e vertical dos estratos adulto e regenerante de um trecho de floresta secundária com Araucaria angustifolia, na Estação Ecológica de Bananal-SP, Brasil. Para amostragem do estrato adulto (CAP &gt; 15 cm), foram alocadas 43 parcelas permanentes de 10 × 20 m. Em cada uma destas, foram aleatoriamente distribuídas cinco subparcelas de 1 × 1 m, para amostragem do componente regenerante (altura &gt; 30 cm e CAP < 15 cm). Considerando-se o componente adulto, a densidade e a dominância foram estimadas em 2.142 ind./ha e 32,49 m²/ha, respectivamente, em valores totais absolutos. Para o componente regenerante, o valor estimado para a Densidade Total absoluta foi de 48.302 ind./ha. A estrutura diamétrica da comunidade segue o padrão J-invertido, o qual não ocorre na população de A. angustifolia; tal condição pode vir a comprometer a manutenção dessa espécie na comunidade.15917

Effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against vaccine serotype pneumococcal pneumonia in adults: A case-control test-negative design study.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is available in the United Kingdom to adults aged 65 years or older and those in defined clinical risk groups. We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of PPV23 against vaccine-type pneumococcal pneumonia in a cohort of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS AND FINDINGS: Using a case-control test-negative design, a secondary analysis of data was conducted from a prospective cohort study of adults (aged ≥16 years) with CAP hospitalised at 2 university teaching hospitals in Nottingham, England, from September 2013 to August 2018. The exposure of interest was PPV23 vaccination at any time point prior to the index admission. A case was defined as PPV23 serotype-specific pneumococcal pneumonia and a control as non-PPV23 serotype pneumococcal pneumonia or nonpneumococcal pneumonia. Pneumococcal serotypes were identified from urine samples using a multiplex immunoassay or from positive blood cultures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to derive adjusted odds of case status between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals; VE estimates were calculated as (1 - odds ratio) × 100%. Of 2,357 patients, there were 717 PPV23 cases (48% vaccinated) and 1,640 controls (54.5% vaccinated). The adjusted VE (aVE) estimate against PPV23 serotype disease was 24% (95% CI 5%-40%, p = 0.02). Estimates were similar in analyses restricted to vaccine-eligible patients (n = 1,768, aVE 23%, 95% CI 1%-40%) and patients aged ≥65 years (n = 1,407, aVE 20%, 95% CI -5% to 40%), but not in patients aged ≥75 years (n = 905, aVE 5%, 95% CI -37% to 35%). The aVE estimate in relation to PPV23/non-13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotype pneumonia (n = 417 cases, 43.7% vaccinated) was 29% (95% CI 6%-46%). Key limitations of this study are that, due to high vaccination rates, there was a lack of power to reject the null hypothesis of no vaccine effect, and that the study was not large enough to allow robust subgroup analysis in the older age groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of an established national childhood PCV13 vaccination programme, PPV23 vaccination of clinical at-risk patient groups and adults aged ≥65 years provided moderate long-term protection against hospitalisation with PPV23 serotype pneumonia. These findings suggest that PPV23 vaccination may continue to have an important role in adult pneumococcal vaccine policy, including the possibility of revaccination of older adults

PolyGA targets the ER stress-adaptive response by impairing GRP75 function at the MAM in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD.

ER stress signaling is linked to the pathophysiological and clinical disease manifestations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we have investigated ER stress-induced adaptive mechanisms in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD, focusing on uncovering early endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms and the crosstalk between pathological and adaptive responses in disease onset and progression. We provide evidence for the early onset of ER stress-mediated adaptive response in C9ORF72 patient-derived motoneurons (MNs), reflected by the elevated increase in GRP75 expression. These transiently increased GRP75 levels enhance ER-mitochondrial association, boosting mitochondrial function and sustaining cellular bioenergetics during the initial stage of disease, thereby counteracting early mitochondrial deficits. In C9orf72 rodent neurons, an abrupt reduction in GRP75 expression coincided with the onset of UPR, mitochondrial dysfunction and the emergence of PolyGA aggregates, which co-localize with GRP75. Similarly, the overexpression of PolyGA in WT cortical neurons or C9ORF72 patient-derived MNs led to the sequestration of GRP75 within PolyGA inclusions, resulting in mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake impairments. Corroborating these findings, we found that PolyGA aggregate-bearing human post-mortem C9ORF72 hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons not only display reduced expression of GRP75 but also exhibit GRP75 sequestration within inclusions. Sustaining high GRP75 expression in spinal C9orf72 rodent MNs specifically prevented ER stress, normalized mitochondrial function, abrogated PolyGA accumulation in spinal MNs, and ameliorated ALS-associated behavioral phenotype. Taken together, our results are in line with the notion that neurons in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD are particularly susceptible to ER-mitochondrial dysfunction and that GRP75 serves as a critical endogenous neuroprotective factor. This neuroprotective pathway, is eventually targeted by PolyGA, leading to GRP75 sequestration, and its subsequent loss of function at the MAM, compromising mitochondrial function and promoting disease onset