La alimientación y la composición de la leche en explotaciones gallegas

El contenido de urea en leche, de facil determinacion en los laboratories interprofesionales de leche, puede ser de uso generalizado como herramienta de diagnostico de la alimentacion de vacas lecheras en Galicia. Se revisan trabajos que relacionan la urea en la leche y en sangre con la produccion de leche por vaca y con la reproduccion del rebano. Un aspecto importante hoy es la relacion del nivel de urea en leche con el medio ambiente. Se puede prevenir el exceso de aporte de N (detectado en la urea) en la alimentaci6n de ia vaca e incrementar la eficiencia del uso de este elemento por el animal, evitando contaminaciones. Se estudiaron, durante cuatro anos, 17 explotaciones lecheras gallegas, en visilas mensuales para controlar las raciones y las producciones de leche, individual y del rebano, para su analisis de urea en leche, realizado por el LIGAL, y los parametros de alimentacion, con visitas trimestrales en 14 de ellas. Se dispuso al final un total de datos de 1445 vacas de la raza Frisona-Holstein. Se contrasto la informacidn obtenida con la bibliografi'a revisada sobre el diagnostico de urea en leche. Se destaca la importancia del metabolismo de la proteina en la alimentacion del vacuno de leche, considerando los aportes de proteina a la vaca y su degradabihdad asi como su relacion con el aporte de energia en la racion, tanto en establo como en pastoreo. Se concluyo que el nivel de area en leche es un buen indicador del equilibrio entre la proteina y la energia de la racion, y, en consecuencia, una buena herramienta para establecer un manejo correcto de la alimentacion del ganado vacuno de leche

Standardization of activated sludge for biodegradation tests

Activated sludges are an inoculum source commonly used in biodegradation studies, as wastewater treatment facilities constitute an entry point to the environment for many chemicals. In this paper, the main issues relating to the use of activated sludge in biodegradability tests are presented. Special attention is also devoted to discussing the factors affecting both the activity of the microbial communities and the test results. After a short survey of the state of the art of microbiology of activated sludge, the paper focuses on the methods used to reduce the variations in the diversity, quality and quantity of these communities. Finally, use of surrogates as reference materials in biodegradability tests is discussed

Determination of Optimal Grazing Management for Dairy Cows in Galicia (Spain) Using a Decision Support System

GRAZEMORE is a decision support system (DSS) oriented to evaluate dairy grazing management decisions on pasture growth and milk production. The system integrates a herbage growth model (Barrett et al., 2003) and a herbage intake model (Delagarde et al., 2004) and has been validated in several EU countries. The objective of this work was to use this DSS to determine optimal grazing management of dairy cows at three supplementation levels and three grazing management strategies under Galician conditions

Detection of a multi-shell planetary nebula around the hot subdwarf O-type star 2MASS J19310888+4324577

(Abridged) The origin of hot subdwarf O-type stars (sdOs) remains unclear since their discovery in 1947. Among others, a post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (post-AGB) origin is possible for a fraction of sdOs. We are involved in a comprehensive ongoing study to search for and to analyze planetary nebulae (PNe) around sdOs with the aim of establishing the fraction and properties of sdOs with a post-AGB origin. We use deep Halpha and [OIII] images of sdOs to detect nebular emission and intermediate resolution, long-slit optical spectroscopy of the detected nebulae and their sdO central stars. These data are complemented with other observations for further analysis of the detected nebulae. We report the detection of an extremely faint, complex PN around 2MASS J19310888+4324577 (2M1931+4324), a star classified as sdO in a binary system. The PN shows a bipolar and an elliptical shell, whose major axes are oriented perpendicular to each other, and high-excitation structures outside the two shells. WISE archive images show faint, extended emission at 12 and 22 microns in the inner nebular regions. The internal nebular kinematics is consistent with a bipolar and a cylindrical/ellipsoidal shell, in both cases with the main axis mainly perpendicular to the line of sight. The nebular spectrum only exhibits Halpha, Hbeta and [OIII]4959,5007 emission lines, but suggests a very low-excitation ([OIII]/Hbeta = 1.5), in strong contrast with the absence of low-excitation emission lines. The spectrum of 2M1931+4324 presents narrow, ionized helium absorptions that confirm the previous sdO classification and suggest an effective temperature >= 60000 K. The binary nature of 2M1931+4324, its association with a complex PN, and several properties of the system provide strong support for the idea that binary central stars are a crucial ingredient in the formation of complex PNe.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Transnational Dissemination of Discourses on Non-normative Sexualities through Netflix: the Sex Education Case (2019-2020)

This paper analyzes the series Sex Education’s role in the transnational dissemination of discourses on non-normative sexualities, equality and LGBTIQ+ diversity. From a LGBTIQ+ Studies perspective, a mixed design with non-experimental ex-post-facto methodology has been applied through transmedia measurement instruments and the ILGA World and Global Attitudes reports. Netflix –through Sex Education– is confirmed to transnationally spread values of diversity and LGBTIQ+ equality in countries without full social and legal protection for such diversity, promoting the construction of alternative subjectivities

Effect of Stakeholders-Oriented Behavior on the Performance of Sustainable Business

This study focuses on stakeholder-oriented behavior, throughout organizational culture and organizational behavior, and its effects on the performance of sustainable organizations managed according to Corporative Social Responsibility (CSR) criteria. The investigation demonstrates that the sustainability efforts of a wide range of stakeholders exert various effects on business performance. This investigation tests two integrated conceptual models: (a) Stakeholder Orientation Model estimates the relationships among organizational culture components and their effects on stakeholder-oriented organizational behavior. That is, it estimates the influence of values on norms and artifacts, and their effects on stakeholder-oriented organizational behavior; (b) Performance model estimates the association between stakeholder-oriented organizational behavior and financial and market performance, reputation, and commitment. Using Structural Equation Modelling, both models were estimated from primary data collected from large- and medium-sized multi-sector Colombian companies involved in business sustainability practices. The findings reveal that values are antecedents of norms, but neither values nor norms are predictors of artifacts. Furthermore, norms and artifacts exert direct effects on stakeholder-oriented organizational behavior. In turn, stakeholder-oriented organizational behaviors are predictors of both market performance and commitment. Nevertheless, stakeholder-oriented organizational behaviors are not direct antecedents of both financial performance and reputation.S