Reglamento de la biblioteca del Jardín de Niños “Vasco de Quiroga”

Term paper of the 9th semester for the course of School Libraries at the Undergraduate Program of Library and Information Studies, School of Philosophy and Letters, Nuevo Leon Autonomous University, Mexico, rules of the school library at the "Vasco de Quiroga” kindergarten

Ichnological analysis: A tool to characterize deep-marine processes and sediments

The deep-marine environment is a complex setting in which numerous processes —settling of pelagic and hemipelagic particles in the water column, sediment gravity flows (downslope density currents; turbid flows), and bottom currents— determine sediment deposition, hence a variety of facies including pelagites/hemipelagites, contourites, turbidites and hyperpycnites. Characterization and differentiation among deep-sea facies is a challenge, and numerous features may be highlighted to this end: sedimentary structures, geochemical data, micropaleontological information, etc. Ichnological information has become a valuable, yet in some cases controversial, proxy, being in most of cases understudied. This paper gathers the existing ichnological information regarding the most frequent deep-sea facies —from those in which ichnological analyses are numerous and detailed (e.g. pelagites/hemipelagites and turbidites), to those for which ichnological information is lacking or imprecise (hyperpycnites and contourites). This review analyses palaeoenvironmental (i.e., ecological and depositional) conditions associated with deep-sea sedimentary processes, influence of these changes on the tracemaker community, and associated ichnological properties. A detailed characterization of trace fossil assemblages, ichnofabrics and ichnofacies is presented. Special attention is paid to variations in trace fossil features, approached through sedimentary facies models and the outcrop/core scale. Similarities and differences among deep-sea facies are underlined to facilitate differentiation. Pelagic/hemipelagic sediments are completely bioturbated, showing biodeformational structures and trace fossils, being characterized by composite ichnofabrics. The trace fossil assemblage of muddy pelagites and hemipelagites is mainly assigned to the Zoophycos ichnofacies, and locally to the distal expression of the Cruziana ichnofacies. Turbidites are colonized mostly from the top, determining an uppermost part that is entirely bioturbated, the spotty layer; below it lies the elite layer, characterized by deep-tier trace fossils. Turbidite beds pertain to two different groups of burrows, either “predepositional”, mainly graphogliptids, or “post-depositional” traces. Turbidite deposits are mostly characterized by the Nereites ichnofacies, with differentiation of three ichnosubfacies according to the different parts of the turbiditic systems and the associated palaeoenvironmental conditions. There are no major differences in the trace fossil content of the hyperpycnite facies and the classical post-depositional turbidite, nor in the pelagic/hemipelagic sediments, except for a lower ichnodiversity in the hyperpycnites. Trace fossil assemblages of distal hyperpycnites are mainly assigned to the Nereites ichnofacies, while graphogliptids are scarce or absent. Ichnological features vary within contourites, largely related to palaeoenvironmental conditions, depositional setting, and type of contourite. Ichnodiversity and abundance can be high, especially for mud-silty contourites. The ichnological features of mud-silty contourites are similar to those of the pelagic/hemipelagic sediments (the tiering structure probably being more complex in pelagic/hemipelagic) or to the upper part of the muddy turbidites (contourites probably being more continuously bioturbated). No single archetypal ichnofacies would characterize contourites, mainly assigned to the Zoophycos and Cruziana ichnofacies

Lista de chequeo para determinar el impacto en la salud mental de los inmigrantes venezolanos que ingresan a Colombia

Curso de Especial InterésEl objetivo de esta investigación apunta a determinar y generar herramientas que permitan determinar el impacto en salud mental en la población víctima de migración, para ello se planteó una lista de chequeo que permitiera determinar la influencia del fenómeno, esperando que sirva de referente para generar estrategias que mitiguen la influencia de la salud mental de la población víctima.Resumen Introducción 1. Justificación 2. Planteamiento del problema 3. Objetivo general y específicos 4. Marco Teórico 5. Marco contextual 6. Marco legal 7. Marco ético 8. Modelo de mercadeo 9. Resultados Discusión Referencias ApéndicesPregradoPsicólog

Trace fossil characterization during Termination V and MIS 11 at the western Mediterranean: Connection between surface conditions and deep environment

This study was supported by the predoctoral FPU contract FPU17/03349 awarded to A. Gonzalez-Lanchas by the Spanish Ministry of Sci-ence, Innovation and Universities. The research by JD was funded through the Juan de la Cierva Program (IJC2019-038866-I) by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Essential financial infra-structure was provided by the programs RTI2018-099489-B-100 of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities granted to GGO (Grupo de Geociencias Oceanicas de la Universidad de Salamanca) and CGL2015-66835-P and PID2019-104625RB-100 of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and B-RNM-072-UGR18, P18-RT-4074 of the Andalusian Government granted to Ichnology and Palaeoenvironment RG (University of Granada) . We thank Alessandra Negri and the two anonymous reviewers, whose comments contributed to improve this manuscript.Trace fossil assemblages are studied at Ocean Discovery Program (ODP) Site 977 to characterize the response of the macrobenthic trace maker community to deep paleoenvironmental conditions during the Termination V (TV) and interglacial Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 at the western Mediterranean Alboran Sea. An assemblage composed of Chondrites, Planolites, Scolicia, Thalassinoides and Zoophycos is identified, showing notable variations in ichnodiversity, abundance and Bioturbation Index, that were analyzed in detail. The integration of ichnological information with sediment color and high-resolution coccolithophore records from Site 977, evidenced that variations in macrobenthic trace maker community are primarily controlled by oxygen availability and surface organic productivity patterns. During TV, high surface organic productivity by intense Alboran Upwelling System enhanced the deep organic accumulation that, together with reduced deep-water removal, resulted in a decrease of bioturbation and the formation of an Organic Rich Layer. Moderate and stable surface production through MIS 11c reduced deep food availability, resulting in an oligotrophic and stable deep environment. This is reflected by relatively abundant trace fossils in lighter sediments. Intra-interglacial increase in surface organic production at ~405 ka is evidenced by increased organic matter preservation. Minor impact of western Mediterranean circulation on deep-water removal, but a plausible stronger control by Bernoulli aspiration intensities in the region, is, in overall, observed during these intervals. During the Heinrich-type (Ht) events 3 and 2, increased trace fossil diversity and ameliorated oxygenation is driven by limited surface organic production, but intense western Mediterranean deep-water circulation and enhanced regional deep-water removal.Spanish Government FPU17/03349Juan de la Cierva Program by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation IJC2019-038866-ISpanish Government RTI2018-099489-B-100 CGL2015-66835-P PID2019-104625RB-100Andalusian Government B-RNM-072-UGR18 P18-RT-407

Ichnological characterization of deep-sea muddy deposits: Macrobenthic communities revealing palaeoenvironmental conditions within turbidite systems

Traditionally, studies on turbiditic systems were mostly focused on sedimentological features, but later some other features as bioturbation have been included. Ichnological analysis is probed as a powerful tool for deep-sea sediments studies, revealing accurate information about palaeoenvironmental conditions during deposition. For the first time, a detailed ichnological and sedimentological integrative analysis focused on Miocene muddy turbiditic deposits from the westernmost Mediterranean at the Tabernas Basin (SE Spain) is here presented. The representative Rambla de Tabernas section has been selected to identify dominant palaeoenvironmental conditions before the deposition of the well-known Gordo megabed. The ichnological content reveals a trace fossil association comprising 26 ichnospecies, belonging to 14 ichnogenera ascribed to the Nereites ichnofacies in an overall stable and well oxygenated environment dominated by low-energy conditions. The distribution, and abundance of trace fossils, integrated with sedimentological information, allow to characterize variation in depositional conditions within the turbiditic system. Before deposition of the Gordo megabed, the turbiditic system in the lower part of the studied area had generalized low energy conditions. These conditions are probably linked to distal depositional areas, characterized by the record of the Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies in interbedded sandstones-mudstones, with a common occurrence of Tab/Tabc Bouma intervals. In contrast, higher energy conditions and deposition prevailed in proximal settings (e.g., channels and proximal lobes) in the upper part. They arecharacterized by the Ophiomorpha rudis ichnosubfacies in interbedded sandstones-mudstones with dominant Tab Bouma intervals. Additionally, the low ichnodiversity in comparison with similar deposits from other worldwide areas, is probably caused by the influence of local environmental conditions in the studied basin.This contribution was funded by research projects PID2019-104625RB-100 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10. 13039/501100011033; by FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento. Projects P18-RT-4074, B-RNM-072-UGR18 and A-RNM-368-UGR20 (FEDER Andalucía); by the Research Group RNM-178 (Junta de Andalucía) and by the Scientific Excellence Unit UCE-2016-05 (UGR). The research by JD was funded through the Juan de la Cierva Program (IJC2019-038866-I) and the Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC2021- 032385-I) by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA

Términos de intercambio y ciclos económicos: 1950 - 1998

Clasificación JEL:

Macaronichnus ‘co-occurrence’ in offshore transition settings: Discussing the role of tidal versus fluid muds influence

We thank the Associate-Editor, Emmanuel Fara, and the reviewer, Alfred Uchman, for their detailed and useful comments that significantly contributed to improve the manuscript. This research was funded by Grants PID2019-104625RB-100 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and Grants BRNM-072-UGR18, A-RNM-368-UGR20 and P18-RT-4074 funded by Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. Research Group RNM178 (Junta de Andalucía), as well as the “Ichnology and Paleoenvironmental Research Group” (UGR). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA.Macaronichnus is a key trace fossil in palaeoceanographic, palaeoclimatic, and petroleum exploration research. Small ichnosubspecies such as Macaronichnus segregatis segregatis, M. s. lineiformins, M. s. maeandriformis and M. s. spiriformis, typically occur in wave-dominated foreshore sands where large M. s. degiberti was never found. The latter shows a wide environmental distribution, occurring in sandy deposits of tidal channels, tidal bar sand sandridges, tidal-flat sand sheets, shorefaces, bioturbated sandy shelf, shelf storm-sheets, shelf sand ridges, and upper slopes. Small M. segregatis and large M. s. degiberti have not been observed to date due the ecological segregation of the tracemakers. An abundant record of large M. s. degiberti in a Tortonian (Late Miocene) mixed carbonate-siliciclastic unit from the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain) has been studied. Occurrence of M. s. degiberti is the result of the interaction of tidal and waves, storm influenced environment determining high-energy conditions and associated palaeoenvironmental parameters as shifting substrates, organic matter availability, and oxygenated pore and bottom-waters. Locally, associated to M. s. degiberti appear small, sinuous traces infilled by light material that were originally assigned to M. s. maeandriformis, and very rare M. s. spiriformis. However, the absence of the typical rim of Macaronichnus avoid a conclusive assignment. The coexistence of both small traces (?M. s. maeandriformis) and large M. s. degiberti is identified in the deposits underlying mudstone layers, revealing the importance of mud deposition during tidal slack water intervals or linked to fluid mud events favouring the co-occurrence of the trace makers of both Macaronichnus ichnosubespecies. This fact would have significant palaeobiological and palaeoecological implications, and could be the first record of both ichnosubspecies in the same intervals.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033: PID2019-104625RB-100Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación BRNM-072-UGR18, A-RNM-368-UGR20, P18-RT-4074“ERDF A way of making Europe”Junta de Andalucía: Research Group RNM178“Ichnology and Paleoenvironmental Research Group” (UGR)Universidad de Granada / CBU

Northernmost (Subarctic) and deepest record of Paleodictyon: paleoecological and biological implications

The data were collected in the framework of the AleutBio project of BMBF grant 03G0293A to Prof. Dr. Angelika Brandt, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Germany. The research of O. Miguez-Salas was funded by a Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Humboldt Foundation and a Margarita Salas Fellowship from the Ministry of Spain and EU Next Generations projects. The research of F.J. Rodríguez-Tovar was supported by grant PID2019- 104625RB-100 funded by MCIN/AEI/ https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033.The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34050-wPaleodictyon is one of the most iconic and widespread of trace fossils in the geological record. However, modern examples are less well known and restricted to deep-sea settings at relatively low latitudes. Here, we report the distribution of Paleodictyon at six abyssal sites near the Aleutian Trench. This study reveals for the first time the presence of Paleodictyon at Subarctic latitudes (51°–53°N) and at depths over 4500 m, although the traces were not observed at stations deeper than 5000 m suggesting that there is some bathymetric constraint for the trace maker. Two small Paleodictyon morphotypes were recognized (average mesh size of 1.81 cm), one having a central hexagonal pattern, the other being characterized by a non-hexagonal pattern. Within the study area, Paleodictyon shows no apparent correlation with local environmental parameters. Finally, based on a worldwide morphological comparison, we conclude that the new Paleodictyon specimens represent distinct ichnospecies that are associated with the relatively eutrophic conditions in this region. Their smaller size may reflect this more eutrophic setting in which sufficient food can be obtained from a smaller area in order to satisfy the energetic requirements of the tracemakers. If so, then Paleodictyon size may provide some assistance when interpreting paleoenvironmental conditions.EU Next Generations PID2019-104625RB-100Ministry of SpainWolfgang BorchertAlexander von Humboldt-Stiftung AvHBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 03G0293A BMBFMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación MICINNAgencia Estatal de Investigación AE

Sistema de gestión de riesgo operacional, una opción para el manejo de situaciones de cambio en las pymes colombianas

The purpose of this reflection article is to attract attention of Colombian SMEs, and in turn, create awareness in them, about the benefits and the need to implement in their organizations a System Operational Risk Management, that ensures business continuity and sheds a greater volume of information, to support the decision taking process, that allows to properly handle crises and generates creative and elastic alternatives.El propósito de este artículo de reflexión es atraer la atención de las Pymes Colombianas y a su vez crear conciencia en las mismas, respecto a las ventajas y la necesidad de implementar en sus organizaciones un Sistema de Gestión de Riesgos Operacionales, que asegure la continuidad del negocio y arroje un mayor volumen de información, que apoye el proceso de toma de decisiones, permita manejar adecuadamente las crisis y generar alternativas creativas y elásticas