El valor de la medicina familiar: una reflexión desde la salud colectiva

Este artículo pretende realizar una reflexión teórica respecto al origen y práctica de la medicinafamiliar en México desde el campo de la salud colectiva. Estos 2 elementos guardanentre sí una práctica social, la cual gira entorno al proceso salud enfermedad de lafamilia desde su origen y constitución como estructura social. Es aquí donde convergende manera directa e indirecta los determinantes sociales que impactan en la realidad dela colectividad. La medicina familiar debe desarrollar una práctica médica social con análisisy critica en alianza con la salud colectiva, ya que actualmente está medicina familiarse vislumbra como una medicina biomédica hegemónica, rígida y sumisa

Opening

La identidad del edificio de culto cristiano es uno de los problemas mas delicados que ha de afrontar la arquitectura religiosa en el arranque de este nuevo milenio. Pienso que la arquitectura religiosa contemporánea es hija de dos revoluciones: de la revolución arquitectónica, que se puede visualizar en el Movimiento Moderno; y de la revolución litúrgica, que también se puede ver muy claramente en el Movimiento Litúrgico. Se tata de dos peticiones de principio, de dos vueltas a los orígenes, de dos nuevas formulaciones conceptuales de un tema milenario como es la arquitectura religiosa, y que en el caso de la arquitectura cristiana, de la arquitectura católica, han dejado a los edificios de culto en una inédita situación de precariedad identitaria. Algo que no había sucedido en ningún momento de la historia. Podríamos decir que el frío concepto —lo que idealmente debe ser una iglesia— ha ahogado la vida. Pero también hay que decir que esto ha ocurrido sobre todo en Occidente. Hoy el mundo ha cambiado. Vivimos en un mundo mestizo, un mundo lleno de migraciones, de conexiones, de oportunidades, de múltiples intercambios, de sistemas de información compartidos. La vida fluye rápido, muy rápido. Existen cruces de creencias, diálogo entre esas creencias, conflictos, y en muchas partes del mundo la religión aparece como un factor de cohesión social y de identidad comunitaria. Por eso nos podríamos preguntar: en este mundo global, ¿qué respuestas tiene la arquitectura como disciplina para estos fenómenos? ¿Qué respuestas podemos dar los arquitectos? ¿Qué experiencias —en este sentido— existen?The identity of the places of worship is one of the most difficult problems faced by religious architecture at the start of this new millennium. The globalising experiences demand peremptorily a reflection, both a conceptual and a situational one, about the origin of objects, people and institutions. The easiness with which foreign cultural systems are currently reached allows multiple exchanges, some of them leading to a transfer of values and to inter-religion dialogue. This happens as a result of the on-going influx of migrants to the rich and strongly secular countries of Europe and North America, the repeated fundamentalism outbreaks in various corners of the World and the gradual religious opening of the Far East. Nevertheless, the chance of these migration flows annihilating the already-existing religious identities is perceived as a problem. This problem is directly linked to the survival of architecture as a system carrying a material representation of the divine and constituting a self-reference system for the community of believers. Therefore, we may ask ourselves to what extent the new religious architecture has given room to an abstract type of formal experimentation which is disconnected from social reality. Does this architecture maintain its bridging, sacramental value or, on the contrary, has it given way to the conceptualist trends still alive in the artistic world? Is metaphor a valid concept for Christian cult? Is there an essential aspect linking our architecture to the centuries-old tradition of the Catholic Church? Different architectural, pedagogical, exhibition and formal initiatives have arisen in recent years and it is necessary to get to know them, with the purpose of understanding where is contemporary religious architecture heading in its eternal search for a permanent identity

Efficiency of Agricultural Upgrading as a Component of the Farming Extension System

Evaluation was effected through a participative-diagnosis  tool which integrates several techniques and the organ- izational work for agro producer training. Three participative exercises, i.e., brainstorming, questions, and the nine- square or the General Electric matrix, were performed. Deficiencies in the training process and how to solve them, the need of team work to diagnose demands, problems, program design, and program application were determined. Besides, the current situation of the School of Training for Agricultural Executives, affiliated to the Ministry of Ag- riculture division in Camagüey, was assessed, for capital and resource investment, and for introduction of new agro- products and services to the market

Masa fúngica intracardiaca en un paciente prematuro extremo

There are few reports on intracardiac fungal masses, especially in the pediatric population. We present the case of an extremely premature patient who, after being hospitalized since birth in an intensive care unit, developed fungal masses in the right atrium, which, due to their size, location and resistance to medical treatment, required surgical excision. For this reason, at the slightest suspicion of systemic candidiasis in pediatric patients, it is mandatory to include an echocardiogram in the defocalization examinations to rule out endocarditis and thus avoid the development of intracardiac fungal masses. Therefore, early detection for timely medical management may avoid the surgical approach associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality in extremely premature patients.Existen pocos reportes sobre masas fúngicas intracardiacas, sobretodo en la población pediátrica. Presentamos el caso de un paciente prematuro extremo que, al permanecer hospitalizado desde su nacimiento en una unidad de cuidados intensivos desarrolló masas fúngicas en atrio derecho, las cuales, por su tamaño, ubicación y resistencia al tratamiento médico, necesitaron de exéresis quirúrgica. Por tal motivo, ante la mínima sospecha de candidiasis sistémica en pacientes pediátricos, es mandatorio incluir en los exámenes de desfocalización un ecocardiograma para descartar endocarditis y así evitar el desarrollo de masas fúngicas intracardiacas. Por lo tanto, la detección precoz para un manejo médico oportuno puede evitar el abordaje quirúrgico que se asocia a un alto riesgo de morbimortalidad en pacientes prematuros extremos

Effects of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on random number generation

OBJECTIVE: Focal application of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) is a neuromodulation technique, with predominantly inhibitory effects when applied to the motor, somatosensory or visual cortex. Whether this approach can also transiently interact with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) function remains unclear. The suppression of habitual or competitive responses is one of the core executive functions linked to DLPFC function. This study aimed to assess the impact of tSMS on the prefrontal contributions to inhibitory control and response selection by means of a RNG task. METHODS: We applied 20 min of tSMS over the left DLPFC of healthy subjects, using a real/sham cross-over design, during performance of a RNG task. We used an index of randomness calculated with the measures of entropy and correlation to assess the impact of stimulation on DLPFC function. RESULTS: The randomness index of the sequences generated during the tSMS intervention was significantly higher compared to those produced in the sham condition. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that application of tSMS transiently modulates specific functional brain networks in DLPFC, which indicate a potential use of tSMS for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides evidence for the capacity of tSMS for modulating DLPFC function

Successful experiences in the application of concept maps in Engineering in Computing, Mexico

Hoy en día hallamos una enorme cantidad de trabajos relacionados con nuevos modelos y estilos de aprendizaje e instrucción en el área de ingeniería. En el caso de la carrera de Ingeniería en Computación que se imparte en el Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) México, existe un grupo de trabajo liderado por un Experto de talle internacional cuyos procesos de éxito y trabajo al respecto, son reflejados en el presente texto a través de experiencias obtenidas en los últimos 8 años con alumnos y profesores, generando así, los requerimientos y herramientas para el mundo globalizado y la sociedad del conocimiento en que nos encontramos. Las experiencias obtenidas se encuentran en asignaturas como la Teoría de Autómatas (TA), los Compiladores (Cs), Análisis de Algoritmos(AA), Redes de Computadoras (R), Inteligencia Artificial (IA), Programación (P), Proyecto de Titulación (PT) y Planeación estratégica (PE) principalmente, entre otras para facilitar la comprensión de conceptos y aplicaciones por parte del alumno y consideramos que mediante la estrategia de enseñanza usando mapas conceptuales (MMCC) desarrollados por J. Novak los resultados han sido favorables en dinamismo, comprensión y generando aprendizaje significativo a largo plazo, proporcionando así, elementos sólidos para su ejercicio profesional. Se indican propuestas obtenidas por profesores y ejercicios desarrollados por profesores y alumnos.Today there is an enormous amount of work related to new models and styles of learning and instruction in the field of engineering. In the case of the engineering degree in computing that is taught in the Mexico National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), there is a working group led by an expert of international waisted whose success and work thereon, processes are reflected in this text through experiences gained in the last 8 years with students and teachers, thus generatingthe requirements and tools for the globalised world and the knowledge society in which we find ourselves. Lessons learned are in subjects as the theory of automata (TA), compilers (Cs), analysis of algorithms (AA), (R), Artificial Intelligence (AI), computer programming (P) networks, degree project (PT) and strategic planning (PE) mainly, among others to facilitate the understanding of concepts and applications by the student and believe that through the teaching strategy using concept maps developed by j. Novak results have been favorable in dynamism, understanding and generating meaningful learning in the long term, providing well, solid elements for your professional practice. Listed proposals obtained by teachers and exercises developed by teachers and students

Desarrollo de una plataforma de diseño e ingeniería naval

Due to the increase of the complexity in the production operations, and to the low times of delivery that demands the present market of the naval sector, it is necessary to use of CAD/CAE programs that acquire the paper of integrators of the phases of design, planning and the processes of manufacture. In a new ship, a high amount of information is handled, and totally managed in two dimensions until the finish stage of the project, previous to the manufacture. Then, begins the development of the steel in three dimensions. Therefore, during the project evolution there is not a complete 3D representation of the ship, which forces in numerous occasions to make modifications when the ship is already constructed. This increases the manufacture’s cost and delays the delivery time. These modifications could be avoided with a 3D model that allows the synchronized visualization of all its components, as happen when they are constructed.MSC: 68Nxx, 68U07Debido al incremento de complejidad en las operaciones de producción, y a los bajos tiempos de entrega que exige el mercado actual del sector naval, es necesario el manejo de aplicaciones CAD/CAE que adquieran el papel de integradoras entre las fases de diseño, la planificación y los procesos de fabricación. En un buque de nueva construcción la cantidad de información que se maneja es muy elevada, gestionándose íntegramente en dos dimensiones hasta alcanzar la última fase de proyecto, previa a la fabricación, donde ya empieza a ser común realizar el desarrollo del acero en tres dimensiones. Por lo tanto, durante la evolución del proyecto no se dispone en ningún momento de una representación 3D del buque completo, lo que obliga en numerosas ocasiones a realizar modificaciones una vez que el buque está ya construido, elevando de esta manera el coste de su fabricación y retrasando los tiempos de entrega. Dichas modificaciones se podrían evitar con un modelo 3D que permita la visualización simultánea de todos sus componentes, tal y como sucede cuando ya está construidoMSC: 68Nxx, 68U0

Desarrollo de una plataforma de diseño e ingeniería naval

Due to the increase in complexity in production operations, and the low delivery times required by the current market in the naval sector, it is necessary to handle CAD / CAE applications that acquire the role of integrators between the design, planning and manufacturing processes In a newly built vessel the amount of information that is handled is very high, being managed entirely in two dimensions until reaching the last phase of the project, prior to manufacturing, where the development of steel in three dimensions is already beginning to be common. Therefore, during the evolution of the project, a 3D representation of the complete ship is not available at any time, forcing numerous modifications to be made once the ship is already built, thus raising the cost of its manufacture and delaying delivery times. Such modifications could be avoided with a 3D model that allows simultaneous visualization of all its components, just as it is when it is already built.Debido al incremento de complejidad en las operaciones de producción, y a los bajos tiempos de entrega que exige el mercado actual del sector naval, es necesario el manejo de aplicaciones CAD/CAE que adquieran el papel de integradoras entre las fases de diseño, la planificación y los procesos de fabricación. En un buque de nueva construcción la cantidad de información que se maneja es muy elevada, gestionándose íntegramente en dos dimensiones hasta alcanzar la última fase de proyecto, previa a la fabricación, donde ya empieza a ser común realizar el desarrollo del acero en tres dimensiones. Por lo tanto, durante la evolución del proyecto no se dispone en ningún momento de una representación 3D del buque completo, lo que obliga en numerosas ocasiones a realizar modificaciones una vez que el buque está ya construido, elevando de esta manera el coste de su fabricación y retrasando los tiempos de entrega. Dichas modificaciones se podrían evitar con un modelo 3D que permita la visualización simultánea de todos sus componentes, tal y como sucede cuando ya está construid

How does the beach ecosystem change without tourists during COVID-19 lockdown?

Urban tourist beach ecosystems provide the essential service of recreation. These ecosystems also support critical ecological functions where biodiversity conservation is not usually a priority. The sudden lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic created a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of human absence in these urban-coastal ecosystems. This study examined bioindicators from 29 urban tourist beaches in seven Latin-American countries and assesses their response to lockdown about some relevant anthropogenic stressors such as pollution, noise, human activities, and user density. The presence of animals and plants, as well as the intensity of stressors, were assessed through a standardized protocol during lockdown conditions. Additionally, the environmental conditions of the beaches before and during lockdown were qualitatively compared using multivariate non-parametric statistics. We found notable positive changes in biological components and a clear decrease in human stressors on almost all the beaches. Dune vegetation increased on most sites. Similarly, high burrow densities of ghost crabs were observed on beaches, except those where cleaning activity persisted. Because of the lockdown, there was an exceptionally low frequency of beach users, which in turn reduced litter, noise and unnatural odors. The observed patterns suggest that tourist beaches can be restored to natural settings relatively quickly. We propose several indicators to measure changes in beaches once lockdown is relaxed. Adequate conservation strategies will render the recreational service of tourist beaches more environmental-friendly