The cartujano stock of the spanish horse in America

The Cartujano stock of the Spanish horse is eumetric, mesomorphous, constitutionally compact and with subconvex profile. It shows a bright and energic aspect, with appreciable elevations and extensions. Its constitutional type is orthostenic or equanimous, its character is noble and docile. It is very interesting for the breaking in high school. This stock has its origin in the farm created by the Cartujanos monks from Jerez de la Frontera, in 1492. Today it can be find in Colombia on Mr. Francisco León Arboleda’s farm; in Costa Rica included in the farms of Mr. Mariano Guardia and Mr. Jorge Herrera, among others. Also in Cuba bought by Mr. Fidel Castro; in E.E.U.U. included in the farms of Mr. Currier, Mr. Broston, Mr. Parkinson, Mr. Garmendia and Mr. Alcalde, among others. In Mexico the most important breeders are Mr. Miguel Alemán, Mr. Enrique Alvarez and Mr. Plácido Arango. We also find this stock in other countries such as Nicaragua, Perú, Venezuela, etc. All that shows its important genetic contribution to the Spanish Breed horse in America.La estirpe Cartujana del Caballo Español es eumétrica, mesomorfa, constitucionalmente compacta y de perfil subconvexo. Esto le da un aspecto elegante y enérgico, con una apreciable elevación y extensión. Su tipo constitucional es ortosténico ó equilibrado, su carácter es noble y dócil. Es muy adecuada para la doma de Alta Escuela. Tiene su origen en la ganadería creada por los monjes Cartujanos de Jerez de la Frontera, en 1492. Se emplea aun como mejorante del caballo de raza española en Colombia (ganadería de D. Francisco León Arboleda) y en Costa Rica en las ganaderías del Sr. Mariano Guardia, D. Jorge Herrera y otras. También en Cuba fue comprada por el Sr. Fidel Castro; en USA se encuentra en las ganaderías de los sres. Currier, Broston, Parkinson, Garmendia, Alcalde, y otros. En México los ganaderos más importantes son D. Miguel Alemán, D. Enrique Alvarez y D. Plácido Arango. También está presente en Nicaragua, Perú, Venezuela, etc. Lo que demuestra su importante aportación genética al caballo Español en América

Tratamiento conservador de las fracturas diafisarias de tibia en adultos

Se ha revisado la evolución y los resultados finales de 148 fracturas diafisarias de tibia cerradas (94 casos) y abiertas (54 casos) tratadas de forma conservadora. Las etiologías más frecuentes fueron los accidentes de tráfico (58%) y las caídas casuales (33%). Se constató un predominio de las fracturas espiroideas (26%), seguidas de las transversas (22%) y oblicuas cortas (22%), siendo la loralización más frecuente a nivel del tercio distal de la diálisis (48%). El período de consolidación medio fue de 15 semanas; la consolidación fue precoz en 36 casos (24%), normal en 88 (59%) y retardada en 24 (16%), observándose la presencia de pseudoartrosis en 10 pacientes (7%). Los resultados clínicos fueron satisfactorios en el 84% de los casos y los radiológicos en el 88%.The follow-up and final results of 148 diaphyseal tibial fractures (54 open and 94 closed) treated conservatively were reviewed. The most frequent causes were road traffic accident (58%) and casual falls (33%). We found predominantly spiroid fractures (26%), transverse fractures (22%) and oblicues fractures (22%). The most frequent location was the distal third of the diaphysis (48%). The average period of consolidation was 15 weeks. This was shorter in 6 cases (24%), normal in 88 (59%) and prolonged in 24 (16%). Pseudoarthrosis was present in 10 patients (7%). The results were satisfactory clinically in 84% of cases and radiologically in 88% of patients

Influence of postweaning feeding management of beef heifers on performance and physiological profiles through rearing and first lactation

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 2 postweaning feeding management approaches (FEED: 0.8 [HIGH] vs 0.6 [MOD] kg/d target ADG) on the performance of heifers of 2 beef breeds (BREED: Parda de Montaña [PA] vs Pirenaica) calving at 2 yr. Twenty-five heifers previously creep fed before weaning (6 mo) were assigned to 2 planes of nutrition from 6 to 15 mo of age. At 15 mo, they were inseminated, and then received similar diets until weaning of their first calf (4 mo postcalving). Several parameters were measured to analyze growth and development (BW; ADG; size measures at 6 mo, 15 mo, calving, and weaning), performance at puberty and first breeding, and dam and calf performance in the first lactation (calving traits, ADG, milk yield). Metabolic (glucose, cholesterol, NEFA, ß-hydroxybutyrate, and urea) and endocrine status (IGF-I and leptin) were assessed in plasma samples collected every 3 mo from 6 mo to calving and monthly during lactation. No interaction between BREED and FEED was observed. Heifers from the HIGH feeding treatment had higher postweaning ADG than those on the LOW diet. At 15 mo, they had greater BW, heart girth, and external pelvic area, but they did not differ thereafter. All heifers reached puberty at similar BW (55% mature BW) but different ages. Heifers from the HIGH treatment tended (P < 0.09) to be pubertal earlier, and PA heifers were 1.6 mo younger than Pirenaica heifers (P < 0.05) at puberty. At the time of conception (452 ± 59 kg) and calving (471 ± 51 kg), BW was above common recommendations in all groups. Calving traits and performance in lactation did not differ between feeding treatments. BREED only influenced birth weight; PA calves being heavier (P < 0.05), which resulted in a larger calf/cow BW ratio, but no effect on calving difficulty or subsequent performance. Metabolic substrates and hormones depended mostly on sampling date, which was related to current energy and protein intake. Glucose (P < 0.001), cholesterol (P < 0.001), and IGF-I (P < 0.05) were greater during the postweaning phase in heifers on the HIGH diet, and persistent physiological effects were observed during lactation. Age at puberty was negatively related with IGF-I (r = -0.43, P < 0.001), but not with leptin concentrations. In conclusion, regardless of breed, a moderate growth rate ensured adequate heifer development and performance until the first lactation, whereas no advantage was gained from enhanced postweaning gains

Estimation of light lamb carcass composition by in vivo real-time ultrasonography at four anatomical locations

The objectives of this study were to study the relationship between in vivo ultrasound measurements and cold carcass measurements at 4 anatomical points of the backbone, and to establish regression equations to estimate carcass composition within the cold carcass weight range for Ternasco lambs (8 to 12.5 kg) by using ultrasonic measurements taken at a single location. Measurements of subcutaneous fat and skin thickness and of muscle depth and width were taken over the 10th to 11th and 12th to 13th thoracic vertebrae and the 1st to 2nd and 3rd to 4th lumbar vertebrae. These measurements were taken at 2 and 4 cm from the nearest end of the LM to the backbone and at 1/3 of the LM width with the probe perpendicular to and parallel to the backbone. The left sides of the carcasses were dissected into muscle, fat, and bone. Body weight (22.6 kg) and cold carcass weight (10.8 kg) were representative of Ternasco light lambs. Muscle depth measured at 2 cm, 4 cm, and 1/3 of LM width remained regular, with slight ups and downs along the spine. All the pairs of in vivo ultrasound and cold carcass measurements were significantly different (P < 0.05) and had small correlations. All the ultrasound measurements of muscle depth at any location or at any distance to the backbone were less than their equivalent cold carcass measurements, with differences ranging from 0.8 to 5.9 mm. Differences between ultrasound fat thickness + interface (US_FDGI) and cold carcass fat thickness were less than differences between ultrasound fat thickness and cold carcass fat thickness, ranging from −0.9 to −1.0 mm for the former and from −2.1 to −0.5 mm for the latter. The small differences in absolute values between US_FDGI and cold carcass fat thickness suggest that US_FDGI is the best measure of the real fatness level of the lambs. The best prediction equations for muscle, bone, and fat were developed with in vivo ultrasound data measured at the 1st to 2nd lumbar vertebrae perpendicularly to the backbone, but they had limited predictive value. To predict the muscle content of carcass, BW and muscle depth were included, and they explained 59% of variation. Fiftyone percent of total fat was predicted by BW and fat thickness, whereas only 17% of the variation in bone was predicted by 2 fat-related variables. The BW of lambs was an important predictor to improve regression equations but ultrasound measurements were the most important variables when a narrow range of BW was used

Short-term effects of 448 kilohertz radiofrequency stimulation on supraspinatus tendon elasticity measured by quantitative ultrasound elastography in professional badminton players: a double-blinded randomized clinical trial

Objective: To study changes in supraspinatus tendon elasticity after a 448 kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMR) intervention in professional badminton players. Design: Double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Setting: All participants were recruited in a private care practice. Participants were randomized to receive either a CRMR treatment (n ¼ 19) or placebo (n ¼ 19). Subjects: Professional badminton players (n ¼ 38). Intervention: A total of nine intervention (three per week) with CRMR at 448 kHz were carried out in the experimental group. The same intervention without an active CRMR current was carried out in the control group. Main measures: Mean values of three different regions of the supraspinatus tendon were reported at baseline (T1), immediately after the intervention (T2) and one week after the end of the whole intervention program (T3) using quantitative ultrasound strain elastography (SEL). Results: There were statistically significant differences in the supraspinatus tendon elasticity immediately after the intervention (p¼ <.001) and one week after the end of the whole intervention program (p¼.001). Conclusion: CRMR at 448 kHz produces significant changes in supraspinatus tendon elasticity after an intervention program of three weeks and those changes last for a week when compared to control group

Combined flow cytometry and high-throughput image analysis for the study of essential genes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Background: Advances in automated image-based microscopy platforms coupled with high-throughput liquid workflows have facilitated the design of large-scale screens utilising multicellular model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans to identify genetic interactions, therapeutic drugs or disease modifiers. However, the analysis of essential genes has lagged behind because lethal or sterile mutations pose a bottleneck for high-throughput approaches, and a systematic way to analyse genetic interactions of essential genes in multicellular organisms has been lacking. Results: In C. elegans, non-conditional lethal mutations can be maintained in heterozygosity using chromosome balancers, commonly expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the pharynx. However, gene expression or function is typically monitored by the use of fluorescent reporters marked with the same fluorophore, presenting a challenge to sort worm populations of interest, particularly at early larval stages. Here, we develop a sorting strategy capable of selecting homozygous mutants carrying a GFP stress reporter from GFP-balanced animals at the second larval stage. Because sorting is not completely error-free, we develop an automated high-throughput image analysis protocol that identifies and discards animals carrying the chromosome balancer. We demonstrate the experimental usefulness of combining sorting of homozygous lethal mutants and automated image analysis in a functional genomic RNA interference (RNAi) screen for genes that genetically interact with mitochondrial prohibitin (PHB). Lack of PHB results in embryonic lethality, while homozygous PHB deletion mutants develop into sterile adults due to maternal contribution and strongly induce the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt ). In a chromosome-wide RNAi screen for C. elegans genes having human orthologues, we uncover both known and new PHB genetic interactors affecting the UPR mt and growth. Conclusions: The method presented here allows the study of balanced lethal mutations in a high-throughput manner. It can be easily adapted depending on the user's requirements and should serve as a useful resource for the C. elegans community for probing new biological aspects of essential nematode genes as well as the generation of more comprehensive genetic networks.European Research Council ERC-2011-StG-281691Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2012–3550

Effect of metal micro-structuring on the mechanical behavior of polymer–metal laser T-joints

AbstractThe metal was locally structured by pulsed laser radiation producing microscopic patterns on its surface. In a second step the opposite side of the micro-structured metal was irradiated by a continuous wave (CW) fiber laser to achieve the mechanical interlock between the two materials. A tight relationship between the microstructure parameters and pull-out test performance was observed. The greatest strength was achieved when the distance between subsequent grooves was minimized. The T-joint mechanical performance did not reveal any significant dependence on the considered range of joining areas. The morphological and topographical features of the detached surfaces showed that the micro-structured grooves were completely filled during the laser conductive joining process. Different alignment angles of patterns produced different failure modes although there was no evidence of an additional mechanical interlock

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas de meseta tibial: Estudio de 53 casos

Se han revisado 53 fracturas de meseta tibial tratadas quirúrgicamente con reducción abierta y síntesis según el método AO. El seguimiento medio de los pacientes fue de 14 meses (mínimo, 12 meses). Según la clasificación de Schatzker y colaboradores las fracturas se distribuyeron en cinco casos tipo I, tres tipo II, veinticuatro tipo III, seis tipo IV, ocho tipo V y siete tipo VI. En función de la valoración clínica se obtuvo un 76% de resultados satisfactorios. No se encontró relación entre resultado y tipo de fractura, tipo de osteosíntesis o periodo de inmovilización; pero sí con el grado de reducción conseguido. Los peores resultados se obtuvieron en pacientes con fractura de platillo tibial externo o de ambos platillos con inclinación tardía mayor de 4 mm.A review of 53 fractures of the tibial plateau treated with open reduction and internal fixation is presented. The average follow-up was 14 months. Attending to Schatzker's classification, we found 5 fractures type I, 3 type II, 24 type III, 6 type IV, 8 type V and 7 type VI. The results were excellent or good in 76%. In our study, results do not correlate with type of fracture, type of internal fixation or period of immobilization, but do with the articular step-off. The results deteriorated when the step-off was more than 3 mm

Escrotal circumference and skin flush sexual in florida male goat

Escrotal circumference (CE) by orquimetry and skin flush sexual (SFS) by observation in the inguino-escrotal skin in four Florida male goats were studied for 14 months. Seasonal variation was observed in CE, that was minor in autumn (30.84±0.24 cm) and maximun in spring (32.79 ±0.22 cm). Also, seasonal pattern was observed in SFS, with pale skin during winter (p<0.001). Light hours and temperature shown significant correlation with CE and SFS.En un grupo de cuatro machos cabríos de raza Florida se estudiaron las variaciones de la circunferencia escrotal (CE) y el grado de hiperemia inguino-escrotal o skin flush sexual (SFS) durante un periodo de 14 meses. Los resultados revelan una ligera variación estacional de la CE que es menor en otoño (30,84 ±0,24 cm.) y máxima en primavera (32,79±0,22 cm). El SFS presentó una distribución estacional, de manera que la coloración inguino-escrotal de la piel era más pálida durante el invierno (p<0,001). Tanto las horas de luz como la temperatura mostraron correlación significativa respecto a la CE y SFS

Fracturas articulares de calcáneo: tratamiento incruento versus quirúrgico

Se analiza la problemática que supone el tratamiento de las fracturas articulares de calcáneo. Han sido revisadas 85 fracturas tratadas, 43 ortopédicamente, y 42 según técnica de Westhues-Ehalt. El seguimiento medio fue de 24 meses. Los resultados clínicos fueron satisfactorios en el 43,5 %, no existiendo correlación con la disminución radiográfica del ángulo de Bóhler. El tipo de tratamiento empleado no influyó significativamente en el resultado clínico final, pero sí el grado de comunicación de la fractura. Aparecieron secuelas en el 67% de los casos, siendo la principal causa de discapacidad en la artrosis subastragalina.The treatment of intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus may entail difficult problems. From 1985 to 1995, 85 patients with intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus, 43 treated with a conservative method, and 42 with surgery (Westhues-Ehalt technique) were reviewed. The average follow-up was 24 months. Clinical results were excellent- good in 43.5%. No difference in functional results between conservative and surgical treatment was found, but as the severely of the fracture increase the results deteriorate. Late complications appeared in 67% of the patients with subtalar degenerative osteoarthrosis being the principal cause of permanent disability