El control material de la formulación de la acusación en el proceso penal colombiano

Trabajo de investigaciónEl presente escrito es el resultado de una investigación que tiene por objeto la exposición de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas con el fin de evidenciar los alcances de la formulación de la acusación en el proceso penal colombiano dentro de los límites de la ley 906 de 2004, desde una perspectiva netamente interpretativa. Se exhiben los conceptos de acusación en sus dos actos principales como son el escrito y la formulación propiamente dichos; así como los controles que sobre la misma se ejercen, exponiendo la necesidad de realizar un control material de tan trascendental acto procesal.PregradoAbogad

Study and design of the restructuring of an existing conventional car park for the use of electric vehicles

The idea of this project arises from the advancement of the electric vehicle and the need to adapt existing conventional car parks for parking for electric vehicles. Nowadays, the electric vehicle is booming in the automobile sector. On the other hand, the construction sector is renewed and new techniques are implemented as in our case Steel-Framing, which has become popular throughout the European continent. During this project it is intended to carry out a remodeling of a conventional vehicle parking in a parking for electric vehicles. This remodeling consists of designing a parking layout, calculating a metal structure with class 4 profiles and carrying out the electrical design to be able to implement a series of electric chargers to power the vehicles that park in the parking lot

Multiplexing architecture for mixed-signal CMOS fuzzy controllers

Limited precision imposes limits on the complexity of analogue circuits, and hence fuzzy analogue controllers are usually oriented to fast low-power systems with low-medium complexity. A strategy to preserve most of the advantages of an analogue implementation, while allowing a marked increment in system complexity, is presented.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC96-1392-C02-0

CMOS design of adaptive fuzzy ASICs using mixed-signal circuits

Analog circuits are natural candidates to design fuzzy chips with optimum speed/power figures for precision up to about 1%. This paper presents a methodology and circuit blocks to realize fuzzy controllers in the form of analog CMOS chips. These chips can be made to adapt their function through electrical control. The proposed design methodology emphasizes modularity and simplicity at the circuit level - prerequisites to increasing processor complexity and operation speed. The paper include measurements from a silicon prototype of a fuzzy controller chip in CMOS 1.5 /spl mu/m single-poly technology

Neuro-fuzzy chip to handle complex tasks with analog performance

This paper presents a mixed-signal neuro-fuzzy controller chip which, in terms of power consumption, input–output delay, and precision, performs as a fully analog implementation. However, it has much larger complexity than its purely analog counterparts. This combination of performance and complexity is achieved through the use of a mixed-signal architecture consisting of a programmable analog core of reduced complexity, and a strategy, and the associated mixed-signal circuitry, to cover the whole input space through the dynamic programming of this core. Since errors and delays are proportional to the reduced number of fuzzy rules included in the analog core, they are much smaller than in the case where the whole rule set is implemented by analog circuitry. Also, the area and the power consumption of the new architecture are smaller than those of its purely analog counterparts simply because most rules are implemented through programming. The Paper presents a set of building blocks associated to this architecture, and gives results for an exemplary prototype. This prototype, called multiplexing fuzzy controller (MFCON), has been realized in a CMOS 0.7 um standard technology. It has two inputs, implements 64 rules, and features 500 ns of input to output delay with 16-mW of power consumption. Results from the chip in a control application with a dc motor are also provided

A modular CMOS analog fuzzy controller

The low/medium precision required for many fuzzy applications makes analog circuits natural candidates to design fuzzy chips with optimum speed/power figures. This paper presents a sixteen rules-two inputs analog fuzzy controller in a CMOS 1 /spl mu/m single-poly technology based on building blocks implementations previously proposed by the authors (1995). However, such building blocks are rearranged here to get a highly modular architecture organized from two high level blocks: the label block and the rule block. In addition, sharing of membership function circuits allows a compact design with low area and power consumption and its highly modular architecture will permit to increase the number of inputs and rules in future chips with hardly design effort. The paper includes measurements from a silicon prototype of the controller

Neuro-fuzzy chip to handle complex tasks with analog performance

This Paper presents a mixed-signal neuro-fuzzy controller chip which, in terms of power consumption, input-output delay and precision performs as a fully analog implementation. However, it has much larger complexity than its purely analog counterparts. This combination of performance and complexity is achieved through the use of a mixed-signal architecture consisting of a programmable analog core of reduced complexity, and a strategy, and the associated mixed-signal circuitry, to cover the whole input space through the dynamic programming of this core [1]. Since errors and delays are proportional to the reduced number of fuzzy rules included in the analog core, they are much smaller than in the case where the whole rule set is implemented by analog circuitry. Also, the area and the power consumption of the new architecture are smaller than those of its purely analog counterparts simply because most rules are implemented through programming. The Paper presents a set of building blocks associated to this architecture, and gives results for an exemplary prototype. This prototype, called MFCON, has been realized in a CMOS 0.7μm standard technology. It has two inputs, implements 64 rules and features 500ns of input to output delay with 16mW of power consumption. Results from the chip in a control application with a DC motor are also provided

A multiplexed mixed-signal fuzzy architecture

Analog circuits provide better area/power efficiency than their digital counterparts for low-medium precision requirements. This limit in precision as well as the lack of design tools when compared to the digital approach, imposes a limit of complexity, hence fuzzy analog controllers are usually oriented to fast low-power systems with low-medium complexity. The paper presents a strategy to preserve most of the advantages of an analog implementation, while allowing a notorious increment of the system complexity. Such strategy consists in implementing a reduced number of rules, those that really determine the output in a lattice controller, which we call analog core, then this core is dynamically programmed to perform the computation related to a specific rule set. The data to program the analog core are stored in a memory, and constitutes the whole knowledge base in a kind of virtual rule set. HSPICE simulations from an exemplary controller are shown to illustrate the viability of the proposal

Alfabetización en medios, democracia y participación social

Utilizar la alfabetización mediática para alentar los valores democráticos y la participación social implica recurrir a la lectura crítica y dialógica de los productos de los medios y estimular la producción de otros nuevos, colectivamente elaborados

A mixed-signal fuzzy controller and its application to soft start of DC motors

Presents a mixed-signal fuzzy controller chip and its application to control of DC motors. The controller is based on a multiplexed architecture presented by the authors (1998), where building blocks are also described. We focus here on showing experimental results from an example implementation of this architecture as well as on illustrating its performance in an application that has been proposed and developed. The presented chip implements 64 rules, much more than the reported pure analog monolithic fuzzy controllers, while preserving most of their advantages. Specifically, the measured input-output delay is around 500 ns for a power consumption of 16 mW and the chip area (without pads) is 2.65 mm/sup 2/. In the presented application, sensed motor speed and current are the controller input, while it determines the proper duty cycle to a PWM control circuit for the DC-DC converter that powers the motor drive. Experimental results of this application are also presented.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC99-082