Cognitive Aging

The study of cognitive function in gerontology is considered relevant because it is an important risk factor for other pathologies in the old age, such as physical disability and dependence, depression, and frailty, mainly because of early pathological changes in cognitive function which are considered a preclinical state that may progress to dementia. In this chapter, cognitive functioning and the dimensions that are included in it (attention, memory, meta-memory, processing speed, executive functions, visuospatial skills, and language) are conceptualized. Additionally, the current evidence is analyzed regarding age-associated changes that are experienced during cognitive aging. These changes, or cognitive decline, are distinguished from those that are part of cognitive pathologies, the most common mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Such pathologies are conceptualized based on the current diagnostic criteria, and controversies and challenges are discussed. Additionally, we analyze the risk factors for cognitive functioning in aging, both modifiable and nonmodifiable ones. A review of the main nonpharmacological intervention techniques used from the gerontology approach is made. It includes the cognitive training in the case of age-related decline or techniques of stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation in the case of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Finally, we conclude with an analysis of the current state of this topic in the field of gerontology and its relevance in professional practice

Proyecto, investigación e innovación en urbanismo, arquitectura y diseño industrial

Actas de congresoLas VII Jornadas de Investigación “Encuentro y Reflexión” y I Jornadas de Investigación de becarios y doctorandos. Proyecto, investigación e innovación en Urbanismo, Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial se centraron en cuatro ejes: el proyecto; la dimensión tecnológica y la gestión; la dimensión social y cultural y la enseñanza en Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño Industrial, sustentados en las líneas prioritarias de investigación definidas epistemológicamente en el Consejo Asesor de Ciencia y Tecnología de esta Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Con el objetivo de afianzar continuidad, formación y transferencia de métodos, metodología y recursos se incorporó becarios y doctorandos de los Institutos de investigación. La Comisión Honoraria la integraron las tres Secretarias de Investigación de la Facultad, arquitectas Marta Polo, quien fundó y María del Carmen Franchello y Nora Gutiérrez Crespo quienes continuaron la tradición de la buena práctica del debate en la cotidianeidad de la propia Facultad. Los textos que conforman las VII Jornadas son los avances y resultados de las investigaciones realizadas en el bienio 2016-2018.Fil: Novello, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Repiso, Luciana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Mir, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Brizuela, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Períes, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Romo, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Gordillo, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Andrade, Elena Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentin

¿Existe un techo de cristal en la distribución salarial femenina en Costa Rica?

Seminario de graduación (licenciatura en economía)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Económicas::Escuela de Economí

Determining the Gross Domestic Product and Net Organic for agriculture of Paraguay. Period 2005-2007

The Paraguayan agricultural sector represents around 25% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Paraguay, which is why account ing for it becomes important within government accounts. During the study period 2005-2007, they do not include in their accounting the environmental costs incurred by this sector. Therefore, it is necessary to have tools that allow us to measure the exhaustion and loss of natural resources that has occurred in recent times. This work seeks to determine the Ecological Gross Domestic Product (GDPE) and the Ecological Net Domestic Product (PINE) of the agricultural sector for the period 2005-2007, through a methodological proposal, based on the System of Integrated Economic Accounts of the United Nations. For this, a research was carried out with a quantitative approach of exploratory level, with descriptive and correlational scope. Based on the work "of Almagro Vázquez (2004), the results obtained from the The application of this methodological proposal makes it possible to note that once the environmental costs derived from the production of the agricultural sector have been incorporated into the traditional accounts, they overestimate the final result. Although the Paraguayan agricultural sector is productive, from the point of view of the generation of economic resources, it is not in a sustainable way, which leads to compromising the levels of future income of the economy. It is recommended to have a Gross Domestic Product adjusted to sustainable productivity, addressed through a State policy, considering the complexity and cost that would imply its estimation

Declive cognitivo de atención y memoria en adultos mayores sanos

The cognitive functions that normally decline during aging are attention and memory, early detection could decrease its deterioration despite the advance of years. The objective is to assess the cognitive decline of the functions of memory and attention in the process of normal aging at different ages. Memory and attention tasks were selected from the "NEUROPSI" and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment "MOCA" scales. The tasks of greater savings decline during normal aging were for T2, T3, T4 memory and attention: T9, T10 and T12. The Group of older G4-75 to 85 years had low scores in the accomplishment of the tasks, there are statistically significant differences between different age groups, demonstrating the existence of a decrease in attention and memory as advancing age.As funções cognitivas que declinam normalmente durante o envelhecimento são a atenção e a memória, uma detecção precoce pode diminuir a sua deterioração apesar do avanço dos anos. O objetivo é avaliar o declínio cognitivo das funções de memória e atenção no processo de envelhecimento normal em diferentes idades. Foram selecionadas tarefas de memória e atenção das escalas “NEUROPSI” e de Montreal Cognitive Assesment “MOCA”. Foram avaliados 186 adultos idosos saudáveis, com uma idade média de 61.14 anos, distribuídos em 4 grupos de acordo com a idade. As tarefas de maior sensibilidade que declinam durante o envelhecimento normal foram para a memória T2, T3, T4 e as de atenção: T9, T10 e T12. O grupo de maior idade G4-75 a 85 anos apresentou baixas pontuações na realização das tarefas, existindo diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os diferentes grupos etários, demonstrando a existência de uma diminuição de atenção e memória à medida que avança a idade.Las funciones cognitivas que declinan normalmente durante el envejecimiento son la atención y la memoria, una detección temprana podría disminuir su deterioro a pesar del avance de los años. El objetivo es evaluar el declive cognitivo de las funciones de memoria y atención en el proceso de envejecimiento normal en diferentes edades. Se seleccionaron tareas de memoria y atención de las escalas “NEUROPSI” y de Montreal Cognitive Assesment “MOCA”. Se evaluaron 186 adultos mayores sanos, con una edad promedio de 61.14 años, distribuidos en 4 grupos de acuerdo con la edad. Las tareas de mayor sensibilidad que declinan durante el envejecimiento normal fueron para la memoria T2, T3, T4 y las de atención: T9, T10 y T12. El grupo de mayor edad G4-75 a 85 años presentó bajos puntajes en la realización de las tareas, existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los diferentes grupos de edad, demostrando la existencia de una disminución de atención y memoria conforme avanza la eda

Liolaemus Chacoensis (Chaco Sand Lizard) : Predation

Liolaemus chacoensis is distributed in the Chaco ecoregion from Paraguay to Argentina (Cei 1993. Reptiles del Noroeste y Este de la Argentina Herpetofauna de las Selvas Subtropicales, Puna y Pampas. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali. Torino. 949 pp.). Its biology is poorly known (Fitzgerald et al. 1999. J. Herpetol. 526–535; Pelegrin and Bucher. 2015. J. Nat. Hist. 49:2693–2708; but see the following for reproductive season: Cruz and Ramírez Pinilla 1996. Rev. Esp. Herpetol. 10:33–39). Herein we report an observation of a L. chacoensis being preyed up on by a scorpion.Fil: Rodríguez Muñoz, Melina Jesús. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Tomás Agustín. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Rodrigo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Graciela. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Murúa, Fabian Norberto. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Nieto, Leonardo Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; Argentin

Protocol for the Quality Control of Azospirillum spp. Inoculants

Azospirillum has been one of the most studied genera of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) worldwide over the past 50 years. The use of these microorganisms in agriculture practices has been adopted due to their ability to associate in rhizospheric, epiphytic, or endophytic ways with roots and promote whole plant growth or crop productivity. The biological treatment of seeds (inoculation) in more than a hundred species of economic or ecological interest has become a common practice in many countries. In Argentina, the Az39 strain of Azospirillum brasilense, belonging to the Culture Collection of the Instituto de Microbiologí-a y Zoologí-a Agrí-cola (IMYZA) of INTA Castelar, was selected in the 1980s after an intensive program to isolate and identify microorganisms for agriculture, according to their agronomic behavior. Since then, its ability to cover the premise for which it was selected has determined that Az39 is largely adopted by inoculant companies in Argentina with the aim of producing biological products for the treatment of several crops. In this chapter, those methods developed and standardized by the network Red de Control de Calidad de Inoculantes (REDCAI) of the Asociación Argentina de Microbiologí-a (AAM) have been adapted as a guide for the quantification of Azospirillum spp. and the detection of contaminating microorganisms in biological products, as two of the most basic and important quality control parameters of inoculants.Fil: Cassan, Fabricio Dario. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Penna, Claudio. No especifíca;Fil: Creus, Cecilia Mónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Radovanicich, Débora. No especifíca;Fil: Monteleone, Emilia. No especifíca;Fil: García de Salamone, Inés. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Di Salvo, Luciana Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mentel, Maria Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: García, Julia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Pasarello Mayans, María del Carmen. Ministerio de Agricultura Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Lett, Lina Analía Carola. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Puente, Mariana Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Olga Susana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Punschke Valerio, Karina. Ministerio de Agricultura Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Massa, Rosana. No especifíca;Fil: Catafesta, Melina. No especifíca;Fil: Rossi, Alejandro Marcelo. No especifíca;Fil: Díaz, Marisa. No especifíca;Fil: Righes, SIlvia. No especifíca;Fil: Carletti, Susana Margarita. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Cáceres, Enrique. No especifíca

Negative predictive value of procalcitonin to rule out bacterial respiratory co-infection in critical covid-19 patients.

Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are useful biomarkers to differentiate bacterial from viral or fungal infections, although the association between them and co-infection or mortality in COVID-19 remains unclear. The study represents a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia to 84 ICUs from ten countries between (March 2020-January 2021). Primary outcome was to determine whether PCT or CRP at admission could predict community-acquired bacterial respiratory co-infection (BC) and its added clinical value by determining the best discriminating cut-off values. Secondary outcome was to investigate its association with mortality. To evaluate the main outcome, a binary logistic regression was performed. The area under the curve evaluated diagnostic performance for BC prediction. 4635 patients were included, 7.6% fulfilled BC diagnosis. PCT (0.25[IQR 0.1-0.7] versus 0.20[IQR 0.1-0.5]ng/mL, p These biomarkers at ICU admission led to a poor ability to predict BC among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Baseline values of PC

Política Internacional (no. 8 oct-dic 2020)

La Revista tiene el objetivo de contribuir al desarrollo de las ciencias políticas, así como difundir los logros en política internacional. Se dirige a los profesionales de las relaciones internacionales en Cuba y del resto del mundo