Control of the structural intervention in the area of the Roman Theatre of Cadiz

El Teatro Romano de Cádiz (España) es parte de la herencia romana que ha permanecido oculta durante siglos bajo el casco histórico de la ciudad. Se trata del teatro romano más antiguo y de mayores dimensiones localizado en España. En el año 2010, se inició una intervención con el fin de descubrirlo. La intervención consiste en la construcción de una serie de bóvedas de hormigón bajo los edificios construidos sobre el teatro aplicando la técnica de la inyección armada. El control de esta intervención se está realizando por medio de dos técnicas: control topográfico y Análisis Modal Operacional. La metodología seguida para el control de la intervención en el área del teatro romano y los resultados obtenidos de la misma son los principales objetivos del presente artículo.The Roman Theatre of Cadiz (Spain) is a piece of heritage that has been buried for centuries under the historical town. It is the oldest and biggest Roman theatre in Spain. In 2010, an intervention began in order to dig it up but respecting the monumental landmarks over it. The intervention consisted on the construction of some vaults under the blocks by grout injection. The control of this intervention is being done by two different techniques: topographic control points and Operational Modal Analysis. The methodology that has been followed to control the intervention on this area and the obtained results are the main goals of this paper

Studying the Physics of the Sling by Automating the Shooting

The sling is a tool that has accompanied humanity since prehistoric times. It consists of a rope with a handle at one end and a cradle in the middle for a stone, clay or metal projectile. It is used in hunting, herding, and it was of great importance in ancient wars, since a skilled shooter can reach targets more than hundred meters away. The majority of works on the topic are of an archaeological nature, probably due to the complexity of modeling the process of shooting. In this work, we present a systematic study comparing manual and automated shootings to understand the physics of this amazing tool with the goal of being easily replicated and expanded by physics students.This work was supported by the project PID2020-116615RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, and EMERGIA grant with reference EMC21_00008 funded by Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de Andalucía, and by FEDER “ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) A way of making Europe”. Reproduced from Phys. Teach. 62, 96–99 (2024), with the permission of the American Association of Physics Teachers

Measuring Hidden Support for Physical Intimate Partner Violence: A List Randomization Experiment in South-Central Ethiopia

Understanding how and why physical intimate partner violence (IPV) persists in high-risk communities has proven difficult. As IPV is both sensitive and illegal, people may be inclined to misreport their views and experiences. By embedding a list randomization experiment (LRE), which increases respondent privacy, in a survey of 809 adult Arsi Oromo men and women in rural south-central Ethiopia, we test the reliability of direct questioning survey methods (e.g., used in the Demographic and Health Surveys) for measuring attitudes that underpin the acceptability of IPV. Participants were randomly assigned versions of the survey in which they were asked either directly or indirectly about the acceptability of wife-beating. By comparing responses across these surveys, we identify the extent to which views are being misreported using direct questioning methods, as well as identifying the "true" predictors of continued support for wife-beating. Indirect questioning reveals that almost one third of the sample believe that wife-beating is acceptable. Adults (particularly men) who are less educated (50% endorsement). These individuals, however, are also more inclined to hide their approval when asked directly by an interviewer. That we find high but underreported support for wife-beating among some members of the community demonstrates a clear need to encourage a more open dialogue, to prevent violence toward women remaining undetected and thus unchanged. This finding also raises questions about the accuracy of traditional direct questioning for capturing information on IPV attitudes and norms. Of relevance to policy, we find that wife-beating is entirely absent only among adults with higher levels of education, living in households where decision making is shared between couples.Wellcome Trust Seed AwardMinisterio de Educación, Cultura y Deport

Control de la intervención estructural sobre el área del Teatro Romano de Cádiz

The Roman Theatre of Cadiz (Spain) is a piece of heritage that has been buried for centuries under the historical town. It is the oldest and biggest Roman theatre in Spain. In 2010, an intervention began in order to dig it up but respecting the monumental landmarks over it. The intervention consisted on the construction of some vaults under the blocks by grout injection. The control of this intervention is being done by two different techniques: topographic control points and Operational Modal Analysis. The methodology that has been followed to control the intervention on this area and the obtained results are the main goals of this paper.El Teatro Romano de Cádiz (España) es parte de la herencia romana que ha permanecido oculta durante siglos bajo el casco histórico de la ciudad. Se trata del teatro romano más antiguo y de mayores dimensiones localizado en España. En el año 2010, se inició una intervención con el fin de descubrirlo. La intervención consiste en la construcción de una serie de bóvedas de hormigón bajo los edificios construidos sobre el teatro aplicando la técnica de la inyección armada. El control de esta intervención se está realizando por medio de dos técnicas: control topográfico y Análisis Modal Operacional. La metodología seguida para el control de la intervención en el área del teatro romano y los resultados obtenidos de la misma son los principales objetivos del presente artículo

Time series of high resolution photospheric spectra in a quiet region of the Sun. I. Analysis of global and spatial variations of line parameters

A 50 min time series of one-dimensional slit-spectrograms, taken in quiet sun at disk center, observed at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (Observatorio del Teide), was used to study the global and spatial variations of different line parameters. In order to determine the vertical structure of the photosphere two lines with well separated formation heights have been considered. The data have been filtered of p-modes to isolate the pure convective phenomenon. From our studies of global correlation coefficients and coherence and phase shift analyzes between the several line parameters, the following results can be reported. The convective velocity pattern preserves structures larger than 1.0" up to the highest layers of the photosphere (~ 435 km). However, at these layers, in the intensity pattern only structures larger than 2.0" are still connected with those at the continuum level although showing inverted brightness contrast. This confirms an inversion of temperature that we have found at a height of ~140 km. A possible evidence of gravity waves superimposed to the convective motions is derived from the phase shift analysis. We interpret the behavior of the full width at half maximum and the equivalent width as a function of the distance to the granular borders, as a consequence of enhanced turbulence and/or strong velocity gradients in the intergranular lanes.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables; Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 408, p.363-378, 200

Wavelength-switchable L-band fiber laser assisted by random reflectors

A wavelength-switchable L-band erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) assisted by an artificially controlled backscattering (ACB) fiber reflector is here presented. This random reflector was inscribed by femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing on the axial axis of a multimode fiber with 50 um core and 125 um cladding with a length of 17 mm. This microstructure was placed inside a surgical syringe to be positioned in the center of a high-precision rotation mount to accurately control its angle of rotation. Only by rotating this mount, three different output spectra were obtained: a single wavelength lasing centered at 1574.75 nm, a dual wavelength lasing centered at 1574.75 nm and 1575.75 nm, and a single wavelength lasing centered at 1575.5 nm. All of them showed an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of around 60 dB when pumped at 300 mW.This work was financed by the program “José Castillejo para estancias de movilidad en el extranjero de jóvenes doctores”, funded by the Ministerio de Universidades of Spain (reference CAS21/00351); the Spanish AEI projects PID2019-107270RB, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe”, and projects PDC2021-121172 and TED2021-130378B funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union “Next generation EU”/PTR. Finally, the work was also founded by the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte of Spain (PhD grant FPU2018/02797)

C and L band fiber lasers enhanced by ultrafast laser inscribed artificial backscatter reflectors

This letter presents an experimental comparison between two linear-cavity erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFL) assisted by two different artificial backscatter fiber-based reflectors. Both reflectors were inscribed by femtosecond laser direct writing, one of them within a single-mode fiber (SMF) and the other one within a multi-mode fiber (MMF). Although the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) used in both structures was the same and both reflectors were manufactured under the same parameters, the reflection spectrum of each was clearly different due to their different physical properties. The first linear-cavity EDFL, consisting of an SMF-based reflector with 9µm core and 125µm cladding, resulted in a single laser emission line located in the C-band and centered at 1564.4 nm, exhibiting an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of 52dB when pumped at 100mW. On the other hand, a single laser emission line with a similar OSNR but in L-band (centered at 1574.5nm) was obtained when using an MMF-based reflector with 50µm core and 125µm cladding.Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (PhD grant FPU2018/02797); European Commission (Next generation EU/PTR); FEDER (A way to make Europe); MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (PDC2021-121172-C21, PID2019-107270RB)